118 BIOLOGY - EXAM 1 (corrected) Oct. 11, 2006 - VERSION A
Mark your name, ID number, & test version (A, B, C, D...) on your answer sheet. You can keep this list of exam questions. You may write on it if you wish. Marking & keeping this test is the only way you will know the answers on your scantron. Each question has only 1 correct answer. Indicate your choice on the answer sheet - scantron. If you need clarification for a question, raise your hand & stay in your seat. If you are stumped by a question, place a mark by it, and return to it later.
ATP = adenosine triphosphate ADP = adenosine diphosphate BMI = body mass index centrosome = pair of centrioles CO2 = carbon dioxide DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid 1.
HDL = high density lipoprotein LDL = low density lipoprotein mRNA = messenger RNA O2 = oxygen RNA = ribonucleic acid rough ER = rough endoplasmic reticulum
Individuals taking Ginkgo biloba may have a clotting time of 6-9 minutes compared to the normal 2-3 minutes. This is an example of a(n) ______ interaction, as a result of an _______ effect of Ginkgo. a. antagonistic - intrinsic b. synergistic - intrinsic c. antagonistic - extrinsic d. synergistic - extrinsic A scientific theory will be discarded by scientists if a. no critical tests support it. b. a more complex explanation exists. c. tests can't be done with existing technology. d. a new theory explains more than the original. Place these body divisions in hierarchical order from smallest to largest: 1 - organ, 2 - cell, 3 - organ system, 4 - molecule, 5 - tissue. a. 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 b. 4, 2, 1, 5, 3 c. 2, 4, 3, 1, 5 d. 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 Which factor is part of a good, double-blind controlled experiment, that is testing a drug that helps people quit smoking: a. A placebo is given to half of the participants. b. Participants don't know if they got the drug or placebo. c. Scientists don't know which patients receive the drug. d. All of these. Although its cells are ________,.connective tissues provide support because they contain lots of _______ proteins. a. tightly attached to each other - intracellular b. scattered & far apart - intracellular c. tightly attached to each other - extracellular d. scattered & far apart - extracellular Which cell has the highest potential transfer of nutrients to its interior, if microvilli are finger-like extensions of the cell membrane? a. small cell, with microvilli b. large cell, with microvilli c. small cell, without microvilli d. large cell, without microvilli Which statement correctly describes some of the results in figure D? a. Disease rates are lower in the U.S. than Great Britain. b. Educated populations have lower disease rates. c. Currently, diabetes is the most common health threat. d. All of these. Which variable, given these normal resting & exercise values, is the controlled variable in a negative feedback homeostasis loop? a. blood flow into lungs: 4-30 l/min. b. CO2 level in arterial blood: 38-40 mmHg c. breath volume: 500-3500 ml/breath d. breathing rate: 10-45 breaths/min.
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Positive feedback should produce a change in a variable that looks most like line ____ in Figure A. a. V b. X c. Z d. Y
10. Which statement is true of the enzyme pathway shown in Figure C? a. The entire process is a positive feedback loop. b. ATP has an antagonistic effect on phosphofructokinase. c. This is an enzyme cascade, leading to lots of pyruvic acid. d. Enzyme 1 has a synergistic effect on enzyme 2. 11. Which structure is an "effector" organ that could be activated as part of a negative feedback loop regulating body temperature? a. sensory neuron in skin b. hypothalamus region of the brain c. sweat glands in skin d. pancreatic cells that release glucagon 12. Calculate the molecular weight of C2H3O2- given: C amu = 12, H amu = 1, O amu = 16. a. 60 b. 59 c. 30 d. 29 13. Which substance has "given up" 2 of its original electrons? a. Ca+2 b. O2 c. 2H d. 2Cl14. Which substance, in bold, is an organic acid? a. CHCl2COOH -----> CHCl2COO- + H+ b. CaCl2 -------> Ca+2 + 2 Clc. HNO3 ---------> H+ + NO3d. NH3 + H+ ----------> NH4+ 15. Which pH value is within the normal range of our blood plasma? a. 5.4 b. 6.4 c. 7.4 d. 8.4 16. Which pH value is 1,000X more acidic than a pH = 10? a. 13 b. 0.001 c. 7 d. 10,000 17. Which type of bond is the strongest, on average? a. ionic b. covalent c. "hydrogen" d. all are equal 18. The "remainder" group on the unknown amino acid shown in Figure B is ________. a. a carbon ring b. partially polarized c. the smallest possible group d. contains nitrogen (N). 19. All carbohydrates have this ratio of C:H:O _________. a. 2:1:1 b. 1:2:2 c. 1:1:2 d. 1:2:1
20. Which substance is NOT water-soluble, ie. which is hydrophobic? a. DNA b. glycogen c. protein d. cholesterol 21. Which molecule in Figure F is the most highly unsaturated fatty acid? a. I b. J c. K d. L 22. Which carbohydrate is catabolized most rapidly, releasing its energy quickly? a. cellulose (fiber) b. glycogen c. starch d. All are broken down at the same rate. 23. Which of level a protein's structure can NOT be denatured by a pH shift in your plasma? a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary 24. Which combination of foods will provide adequate amounts of all of the essential amino acids? a. citrus fruit - corn b. corn - beans c. beans - spinach d. spinach - lettuce 25. A diet high in fiber may _________. a. cure or prevent cancer b. increase your risk of heart disease c. lower your risk of type II diabetes d. elevate your LDL/HDL ratio. 26. Which of these may be one of the long-term consequences of poorly managed diabetes? a. blindness b. kidney failure c. heart disease d. all of these 27. A woman with a BMI = ____ & a waist-hip ratio = _____ is within the normal, healthy range. a. 17 - 0.8 b. 23 - 0.7 c. 23 - 1.1 d. 29 - 0.8 28. Which food may contain trans fatty acids? (Many foods have been reformulated, but let's assume the worst here.) a. steak b. cookies c. doughnuts d. all of these 29. What is the recommended "minimum" number of "colors" we should consume daily as we eat fruits & vegetables? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 30. Which food contains cholesterol? a. olive oil b. canola margarine c. cheddar cheese d. black beans
31. LDL is the "__________" transporter molecule because it delivers cholesterol to the ________. a. good - liver b. bad - liver c. good - arteries d. bad - arteries 32. Which substance has the highest potential rate of diffusion into a cell (assuming all other variables are constant)? a. Mol. Wt. = 100, temp. = 95o F b. Mol. Wt. = 1,000, temp. = 95o F c. Mol. Wt. = 100, temp. = 102o F d. Mol. Wt. = 1,000, temp. = 102o F 33. Which line on Figure A best describes the relationship between extracellular fluid ranging from 0 to 300 mosmoles on the X axis & the relative rate of the diffusion of water on the Y axis, if a cell's osmolarity = 300 mosmoles? a. X b. Z c. V d. W 34. Which transport method uses a membrane vesicle to move a large amount of substance out of a cell? a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. simple diffusion d. hitch-hiking 35. Which membrane transport method can move a substance "up" its concentration gradient? a. facilitated diffusion b. osmosis c. simple diffusion d. active transport 36. Which extracellular fluid is hypotonic to a cell whose osmotic pressure = 5200 mmHg? a. 5400 mmHg b. 5200 mmHg c. 5000 mmHg d. none of these 37. Facilitated diffusion moves a molecule through a _____________ protein using _____________. a. carrier - ATP b. channel - ATP c. carrier - kinetic energy d. channel - kinetic energy 38. Lysosomes have a(n) ________ pH because their membranes use pumps to transport ______ into the organelle. a. acidic - OH- ions b. basic - H+ ions c. acidic - H+ ions d. basic - OH- ions 39. Which event does NOT lead to an increase in lysosome activity? a. Cellular aging. b. Cellular damage. c. Cortisone (steroid) injection. d. Take megadoses of Vitamin A. 40. Mitochondria make _____ of your cell's ATP, as long as _____ is available to complete its chemical reactions. a. few - Oxygen (O2) b. most - Oxygen (O2) c. few - CO2 d. most - CO2
41. Mitochondria can use __________ as an energy source to convert ADP into ATP. a. fatty acids b. pyruvic acid (3 carbon sugar) c. amino acids d. all of these 42. Which organelle is made primarily of plasma membrane? a. centrosome b. ribosome c. rough ER d. nucleolus 43. ATP activates the "arms" on cilia's ___________ to caused bending that moves substances over the surfaces of a cell. a. microfilaments b. microtubules c. intermediate filaments d. centrioles 44. The ___________ are formed within the nucleolus region of a cell. a. ribosomes b. mRNA c. mitochondria d. centrosome 45. On a strand of mRNA, how many nucleotides (ie. nitrogen bases) are used to form 1 "codon" that symbolizes one amino acid? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 46. Proteins must travel through _____ & _____ (in order) after they are synthesized, if the protein is packaged for export out of the cell. a. centrosome - Golgi apparatus b. rough ER - ribosome c. ribosome - centrosome d. rough ER - Golgi apparatus 47. Which organelle forms the mitotic spindle that pulls apart the chromosomes during mitosis? a. ribosome b. rough ER c. Golgi apparatus d. centrosome 48. During mitosis, a human cell (2N = 46) will divide to form ____ daughter cells, each with _____ chromosomes. a. 4 - 46 b. 2 - 46 c. 2 - 23 d. 4 - 23 49. Biologists hypothesize that the chromosome in Fig. E is most similar to chromosome ____ because we share a common ______. a. M - mutation b. P - ancestry c. S - ancestry d. P - mutation 50. A cancer cell with ______________ is capable of unlimited cell division (ie. mitotic events)? a. long telomeres & active telomerase b. long centromeres & active telomerase c. short telomeres & inactive telomerase d. short centromeres & inactive telomerase
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Figure D GB = Great Britain, US = United Stages
Figure E Human #7
Banks, et al. 2006. Disease & Disadvantage in the U.S. & England. JAMA 295(17):2037-2045. Figure F M P S
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