2:39:00 3/14/2008 PM Najol Curea where capital of S. Arabia is Hijaz: cosmopolitan area, polyglot Ibn Abdal-Wahhab: 1703-1787 Discouraged tribal nature worship in Najd No Intercession No minarets No "innovations" Morals police, mandatory prayer, beard Sufis, mystics. Shrines of Saints Intercession of saints considered polytheism by Wahhab was against minarets and though found in muslim rivals: call to prayer Aeresy + innovation, words in Arabic same word, new things seen with suspicion He had beard without mustache: Hadith by Mohammad Bargaun: Ibn abd al-Wahhab takes refuge w/ Muhammad ibn Saud Agreements that Ibn Abowl wahhab would be spiritual leaden Sawou family would be temporal ruter Ibn al wahahab: son of God because Wahab means God calling ottomans apostates not Islamic Late 19th century Egypt Salafi Reformism Islamic reform Jamal al-Din "Afghani" Muhammad Abduh Return to Islam of fist generation of Muslims slough off merievals accretions Anti-imperialism rationalism _ science Salafi recently associated w/ terrorism European colonialism war biggest threat. Saw now it was in India + worried same would occur in middle east goes to Istanbul, cairo + tells them to fight off Europeans by not continuing to be divided Iran _ Ottoman empire should white against British, Russians, Pan-Islam
Can take from Europeans their technology philosophy (rejects Darwinism materialism) burt rejects religion by discussing Dark ages of a time when Christian still existed Abduh was his student _ earned frrench Jin could be bacteria (jin as demons in Quran) he uses science, to support it. Lionized to mid east as leachers salai movements Juan cole questions whether they believed in God more for fighting imperialism than piety renan einest debated Aghani raciest thinker, Europeans were arians (linguistic category). Jews + Arabs semitic languages (so racialized) Afghani wins argument Conservative salafis: Rashid teid (1865-1935) generally pious disciple of Abduh far more conservative for reiling against religious freedom restoration of caliphate But held that things not explicitly in forbidden scripture o are allowed conservative modernism o amish comparable to wahabbis 7 only less pacifist Egypt Muslim Brotherhood intitially influenced by sufi mysticism Hasan al Banna Turns to more literal approach to Keran some wahhabi influence Brotherhood grows founds schools association for women Brotherhood grows to 500,000 in a population of 17mn. by 1948 international dimension Muslim brotherhood in Gaza 1936 (later becomes Hamal)
Syria Jordan Iraq Branches Muslim Iraq Contemporary, offshoot: Iraq Islamic party Jamiah Islami in Afghanistan, 1970s Iraq Islamic party comes from Muslim brotherhood Al-Azharin (ariro-sunni muslim go here to study university _ seminary) Brotherhood Terrorism 1940s: develops terrorist wing fear apparatus training camps in desert attacks British soldiers, Jews in Egypt PM mahmud nurgushi bans brotherhood 1948 is assisinated in revenge Hasanal-Banna assassinated Feb 1941 British didn't want German interests in Egypt in WWII, so retake Egypt because of oil interests (and Germans strapped for oil) young officers in Egypt 1952 coup Gamal abdel Nasser Bans parties allows brotherhood but in 1954 they attempt to assassinate hurm 1,000 arrested 1965 pcot Sayyid Quib jailed literary theorist men Muslim brother theory of state as non-Muslim Plot ousted 1965 Qutb executed in 1965 exchange program for 2 years to us but hated US maybe expenced racism: also gender segregation he believed it was ligitimate to kill apostates, rejected by everyone else. Sadat 1970-1981
freed Muslim Brotherhood to offset Brotherhood Mansteams rejects Qutb -> extremist joins Egyptian by stem Muslim Brotherhood Radical Fringe Younger radicals turn to violence Especially after camp david contradictions in his coalition of ngh radical fringe didn't like camp david even though majority muslim brotherhood went with it. Al-Jihad al-Islami founded 1970s 1977-88 members arrested with explosives Abd al-salam farag o lapsed duty o Jihad was 6th pillar according to him usually declared by leader but he stated it as individual duty.
3/14/2008 2:39:00 PM
3/14/2008 2:39:00 PM