II: UNIT THE REFORMATION AND THE WARS OF RELIGION 9/22/05
Section 8: The New Monarchies
Significant Facts... In place at the time of the reformation 1.) On going decline of the church * Still corruption in the Catholic Church 2.) As a result - on going growth of secularism * Connected to the Renaissance 3.) Continued spread of Lay Religion * Maybe we shouldn't ultimately be dependent on a clergy * Brothers and Sisters of the Common Life 4.) Rise of Monarchies * Tudors of England * Hapsburg of Austria 5.) Division of Germany * 300 different kingdoms and principalities 6.) Islamic Threat * Turks 7.) The Zeal of Spain A modern crusade is declared * Kings of the nation will feel that it is their call to spread and defend Catholicism 8.) The Pre-eminence of Charles the V (Hapsburg Threat) Universal Monarchy Defender of Catholicism Holy Roman Emperor - Also Charles V of Spain, Hungary, Bohemia * Attributed to Maximilian 1st 1493-1519 Holy Roman Emperor "Where others have to fight wars, you fortunate Austria, marry"
* "New * Monarchies" Hereditary Monarch is accepted * Roman laws replace feudal laws (Feudalism dies) A new contract existed between the king and his subjects (public) * The welfare of the people is the highest law the people respond - what pleases the prince would have the force of law
A. England New Monarchies
England was being ripped apart by civil war War of the Roses ends Begins the longest ruling dynasties Henry VII 1st to gain the throne by force- ends class struggle of the Tudor Family line 1485 - 1603 Henry VII Is going to "do away" with Feudalism Key factors to this: * Issued a law against what was called "livery and maintenance" * "Livery and Maintenance" practice of the great lords to grow their own private armies to protect their own families Star Chamber a room where issues of state were decided Henry VII would meet to make decisions on laws chamber of despotism Even though Henry VII was a dictator He was accepted as a good ruler because he brought peace to England