221- CLASSICS STUDY GUIDE- FIRST EXAM The following terms and names should be useful to know for the first exam. You may not ask the instructor or teaching assistants for the meaning or significance of these terms. You are encouraged to form study groups. The exam may also have material upon it that is not directly related to the following list. Therefore, students should also review their class notes. The majority of the test will be directly related to this list. Aetiology- the study of causation, why things occur or how they act Apotheosis- glorification to a divine level, "to deify" Euhemerism- Euhmeris, method of interpretation, treats mythological accounts as a reflection of actual historical events shaped by retelling and traditional morals. Why did they worship the gods, Saint Isidore? Locus amoenus- a literary term which refers to a idealized place of safety or comfort. Usually a beautiful, shady lawn or open woodland. Sometimes referred to with Eden. Pleasant place, in meta. Is usually a site of violent and or destructive encounter. Here, the tranquil pool will be the scene of Narcissus's ironic "romantic tryst" with himself. Separation of the four elements Fire-weightless force (least dense) Air- more dense Earth- more lense, attracted larger particles Water- most dense, solid disc of liquid Gigantomachy- battle between the Olympian gods and the giants, Zeus and Alcyoneus - Jupiter incinerated 2 giants with lightning and they are turned into humans (cruelty and rebellion) - 1 idea of new creation of human race Four ages of mankind 1- golden age- harmonic, earth provided everything, pleasure, peace and contentment, 2- silver age- Saturn was overthrown by son Jupiter, seasoned introduced and caused men to seek shelter and harvest earth 3- bronze age- age of epics, Trojan war, 4- iron age- earth was realm of murder and mayhem, last of immortals fled, gigantomachy,
Creation of the human race 1- Prometheus stole fire from gods and gave to man 2- Gigantomachy
3- Autochthony- humans born from stones, someone and someone went to oracle and asked something she said to throw your mom over your shoulder, threw rocks over shoulder and become humans Lycaon- the wolf man, lycanthropy, rumors of wolfman, Lycacon as the exemplar, collective punishment of the human race, Jupiter turns lycacon into wolf. Phaethon- the sun god, personal tragedy as cosmic catastrophe, versions of ancient astronomy, becomes Lucifer, drove chariot in sky and destroyed earth and heaven, Jupiter hit him with a lightning bolt and killed him Actaeon-hunting and sees Diana naked, punished by Diana, she makes him a deer and his dogs eats him, reversal hunter becomes hunted IRONY! Tiresias- prophet, switches genders by hitting snakes and switches, Jupiter asks him which sex enjoys sex better, he says women and Juno makes him blind, and Jupiter gives him power to see future Liber/Bacchus (birth)- had followers and Pentheus sent people to capture him, Acoetes tries to capture him but can't Bacchus saved him MedusaTyphon vs. the Olympians Arachne- bragged that she was better at weaving than Athene, Arachne won and Athene started beating her and then instead of letting her kill herself she turned her into a spider. Niobe- wealthy woman of Thebes, had 14 kids and said she was the best mom and had the most kids, Latona sent Apollo to kill 7 sons, Niobes husband committed suicide in grief, Latona killed other 7 kids and turned Niobe into a rock and put it on a mountain. Marsyas- satyr, challenged Apollo to pipe contest and lost, Apollo ripped off his skin and his tears were turned into river Procris and Cephalus- Cephalus married Procris, Dawn kidnapped him from the woods he were was hunting, turned her down and Dawn said he will be sorry, so he thought that Procris had been unfaithful, disguised himself to test her, Procris found out and fled to Diana's cult, happy again, someone heard Cephalus call to Zephyr, they thought it was a nymph and told Procris that he was cheating, Procris made noise in woods, thought it was and animal, threw javelin, and accidently killed his wife (Procris) Icarus- Daedalus's son, inventor built wings for him to escape exile, told him to fly in the middle of the sky, flew too close to sun, wings melted, fell into sea and drowned
Philemon and Baucis- Mercury and Jove disguised themselves as humans and roamed the earth, the only people that would take them in were Philemon and Baucis, they were poor but nice, the gods revealed themselves and took them up a mountain, flooded valley of mean people and made the couple's home into a temple, gods told them they would give them anything, asked for temple guards and to die at the same time, when they died they became 2 trees with 1 trunk Erysichthon- Ceres was mad at him and sent hunger to punish him, hunger took over his life, was so desperate he sold daughter to slavery for food, she escaped and Neptune gave her power to change shape and she did, dad sold her again and again Orpheus and Eurydice- married, E was bitten by snake and died, O went to Hades to get her, said you can take her back to earth if he didn't look at her on the way, he did she had to stay, mourned and loved small boys Ovid's Orphic songsGanymede- Orpheus sang story of G, a mortal boy who caught Jove's eye, Jove turned himself into a eagle and kidnapped boy, G became Jove's cupbearer Pygmalion- saw evil of Propoetides and vowed to remain alone, carved perfect woman out of ivory, asked Venus to make statue real, got married and had a daughter King Midas- Bacchus was so grateful for Silenus return and gave Midas one wish, wished that everything he touched turned to gold, soon asked to take back, Apollo made Midas' ears become that of an ass, wore a hat and only barber knew, couldn't keep it a secret, dug a hole and told in hole Laomedon- king of Troy, didn't thank Neptune for helping build walls around city, N mad flooded city and kidnapped daughter, Hercules rescued girl TelamonThetis and Peleus- T was sea nymph, P was Jove's grandson and encouraged him to marry T, P tried to rape her but she kept changing shape, Proteus told her to tie her down, worked, they got married and had Achilles. Daddy LuciferCloud-born centaurs- half man/half horse, like to get drunk, obnoxious, cloud men Caenis/Caeneus- beautiful virgin, Neptune raped her and granted her one wish, made her a woman and invernable to spears and arrows Periclymenus-
Death of Achilles Death of Memnon Glaucus and Scylla- G was a sea god, went to Circe for help, Circe offered herself to him, he only wanted S, C put potion in water were S was, she went into water, saw dogs, ran out, became a sea monster became a crag Aeneas becomes Indiges- A was sailor, Vertumnus and Pomona- P was wood nymph who liked her garden, V loved her and disguised himself as old woman and tried to convince her to marry V, told her a story about how a boy killed himself because a girl didn't like her, they got married Romulus and Hersilia- R was son of Mars, battle with the Sabines, R and wife were made immortal Pythagoras, philosophy of changes- Samian living in exile, taught that eating meat was wrong because souls were immortal, they changed form over and over, and by eating meat, men could be eating a relative, also believed that death was just part of life (no death/birth just change), death sometimes created life (phoenix) Comet of 43 BCE