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Exam 3 Review
Course: BIO 2401, Spring 2008School: San Jacinto
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Word Count: 553
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& Anatomy Physiology I Review for Exam 3 - Dr. Maurstad Spring 2008 Here's a list of the major topics covered in Chapters 9-12. Make sure you can discuss each-they'll be on the exam! Do not forget to practice using the questions at the end of each chapter. Go through your notes and review the diagrams and summaries the in the textbook. 1. Are spinal nerves efferent, afferent, or both? Why?...
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& Anatomy Physiology I Review for Exam 3 - Dr. Maurstad Spring 2008
Here's a list of the major topics covered in Chapters 9-12. Make sure you can discuss each-they'll be on the exam! Do not forget to practice using the questions at the end of each chapter. Go through your notes and review the diagrams and summaries the in the textbook.
1. Are spinal nerves efferent, afferent, or both? Why? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
2. Be sure you know the parts of a sarcomere and how they work. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
3. Muscle fibers generally do not regenerate. However, one type regenerates to a point. Which type? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
4. Name the function of the filum terminale. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
5. What affects the speed at which action potentials travel down an axon? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
6. What are antagonistic muscles? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
7. What are ganglia? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
8. What are meninges? List them and where are they located around the brain. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
9. What are the functions of the ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 10. What are the main characteristics of myasthenia gravis, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, and multiple sclerosis? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
11. What are the main characteristics of the following muscle cells? Cardiac, smooth, skeletal. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
12. What are the major components of a reflex arc? How is a reflex different than a conscious movement? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
13. What are the major functional characteristics of a muscle? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
14. What are the parts of a typical motor neuron? What do they do? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
15. What are the parts of the autonomic nervous system? What do these parts control? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
16. What are the three steps involved in propagation of an action potential? Describe each. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
17. What causes carpal tunnel syndrome? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
18. What does it mean to say that reflexes are homeostatic? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
19. What does the phrenic nerve control? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
20. What effector tissues are part of the somatic nervous system? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
21. What functions to the following cells serve? Schwann cells, microglial cells, oligodendrocytes, satellite cells, astrocytes. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
22. What happens to the actin and myosin during a contraction? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
23. What happens to the muscle fiber during depolarization? Repolarization? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
24. What happens when muscles fatigue to the point where the cross-bridges do not release? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
25. ___________________________________________________________ What is a glioma? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
26. What is a myotome? A dermatome? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
27. What is plexus? Name them and what they control. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
28. What is refractory phase? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
29. What is gray matter? What is white matter? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
30. What is salutatory conduction? What is involved? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
31. What is the cauda equina? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
32. What is the charge on the inside and outside of an axon during relaxation? During an action potential? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
33. What is the difference between a monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
34. What is the function of acetylcholinesterse? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
35. What is the function of calcium in a muscle contraction? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
36. What is the function of ependymal cells? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
37. What is the function of glial cells? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
38. What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
39. What is the origin of a muscle? The insertion? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
40. What is the resting potential of a neuronal membrane in millivolts? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
41. What is the T-T complex? What does it do? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
42. What is threshold? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
43. What pathway does an impulse travel from a sensory neuron to the motor effector organ? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
44. What proteins form actins? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
45. What structures are found in cardiac muscle that are found in smooth or skeletal muscle? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
46. Where are neurotransmitters located? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
47. Where are the following activities controlled? Vomiting, sneezing, coughing, respiration, heart rate. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
48. Where is an epidural placed in the spinal column? A spinal tap? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
49. Which of the following is the smallest? The largest? What is the order from the smallest to the largest? Muscle fasciculus, myofibril, myofilament, muscle fiber (cell), whole muscle. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
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