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0105 PSYCHOLOGY EXAM #3 NAME: _________________________ ID#: _________________________ Please begin by putting your name and student ID number in the above spaces, and on the answer sheet. This exam contains 55 multiple choice questions, each worth one point. As usual, there are 5 extra questions for your benefit; in other words, your grade will still be out of 50. For each question, choose the best of the four options and indicate your choice on the answer sheet. Each question has only one answer, and there is no penalty for guessing. Feel free to come to the front of the room if you have any questions. GOOD LUCK!! 1. Which of the following social psychological processes is portrayed accurately in Twelve Angry Men? A. the effects that a minority of one has on a majority B. the effects of heat and weapons on aggressive behavior C. the correspondence between a jury's initial vote and its final verdict D. All of the above are portrayed accurately. 2. People seem to show an increase in natural killer cell activity when: A. dealing with microstressors. B. exposed to humor. C. concealing their feelings. D. All of the above are true. 3. Research on gender differences in aggression suggests that: A. testosterone is positively correlated with aggressive behavior. B. women are less aggressive than men in both private and public settings. C. men engage in more physical and verbal aggression than women do. D. All of the above are true. 4. Which of the following is not a reason why we seem to be attracted to averaged faces? A. They are prototypically facelike. B. They are symmetrical. C. They look unusual. D. They seem more familiar to us. 5. United States citizens tend to be more likely than those of other nations to engage in: A. politically motivated violence directed toward groups. B. mob violence at sporting events. C. violence against young girls. D. gun-related violence against individuals. PSY 0105 Exam #3 Page 2 6. Pluralistic ignorance disrupts bystander intervention the most during the stage at which bystanders: A. interpret whether an event is an emergency. B. decide how they can help. C. determine whether they are responsible for doing anything. D. None of the above. 7. Research on attraction suggests that we are most attracted to ______ faces and people who are______ to us. A. asymmetrical; dissimilar B. asymmetrical; similar C. symmetrical; dissimilar D. symmetrical; similar 8. Lower levels of serotonin are linked to: A. decreased risk of heart disease, due to greater optimism. B. increased risk of heart disease, due to lower optimism. C. decreased risk of heart disease, due to lower hostility. D. increased risk of heart disease, due to greater hostility. 9. Which of the following statements regarding physically attractive people is false? A. Attractive people tend to have more sexual experience than unattractive people. B. Attractive people tend to be more popular than unattractive people. C. Attractive people tend to have higher self-esteem than unattractive people. D. Attractive people, when told that someone who has just given them praise has seen what they look like, often come to have doubts about the true quality of their work. 10. In the study of seminary students conducted by Darley and Batson, helping behavior was best predicted by: A. how religious they were. B. the type of speech they were about to give. C. how much time they had. D. the sex of the person being helped. 11. Research shows that with repeated exposure to nonviolent pornography there is an increase in: A. physiological arousal. B. negative attitudes toward women. C. aggression toward members of both sexes. D. All of the above show an increase. PSY 0105 Exam #3 Page 3 12. Women are more likely than men to help others in situations involving: A. physical danger and an audience. B. anonymous circumstances. C. another man. D. emotional support. 13. Companionate love is more likely to be associated with: A. communal relationships than with exchange relationships. B. short-term relationships than with long-term relationships. C. ups and downs than with steady attachment. D. All of the above are true. 14. The sociobiological approach to altruism and aggression has a hard time explaining: A. aggression toward relatives. B. homosexuality. C. helping of strangers. D. All of the above are true. 15. According to the alcohol myopia hypothesis, consumption of alcohol: A. encourages more aggression. B. narrows attention to only a few cues in the environment. C. removes people's inhibitions. D. All of the above are true. 16. Research on physiological arousal suggests that: A. the best way to "calm down" children with ADHD is to give them a depressant. B. it is higher when the sympathetic nervous system is activated. C. anger leads to the same amount of aggression regardless of arousal level. D. All of the above are true. 17. Health psychology: A. is a larger and more inclusive field than behavioral medicine. B. subscribes to the biopsychosocial model of disease. C. is one of the oldest areas of psychology. D. is primarily concerned with the effects of genes on health and disease. PSY 0105 Exam #3 Page 4 18. Research on helping behavior has shown all of the following about personal influences on helping behavior except that: A. personal influences are more powerful than situational influences. B. helping tendencies may be inherited. C. people who help in emergencies tend to differ from those who help in non-emergencies. D. extroversion is positively correlated with helping behavior. 19. Social roles: A. influence health only when they are based on connections with family and friends. B. decrease the chances of chronic disease but not acute diseases like the common cold. C. only influence health when stress is present. D. None of the above. 20. The relatively greater violence rates in the southern United States are best attributed to: A. a wider range of temperatures. B. the manner in which residents respond to status threats. C. the ratio of males to females living in the South. D. tighter limits on weapon availability in that region. 21. Comparisons between arranged and chosen marriages suggest that: A. passionate love at the beginning of a relationship is essential to a long relationship. B. arranged marriages do not last as long as chosen marriages. C. arranged marriages eventually become extremely passionate. D. chosen marriages are less likely to be companionate later in the relationship. 22. Research on the effects of televised violence on subsequent aggression suggests that they are: A. exaggerated in recent news reports. B. only apparent for individuals who choose to watch violent television. C. due in large part to social modeling. D. All of the above are true. 23. Psychologists state that altruism should be defined as "behavior with the ultimate goal of helping another person." Classic philosophers would be likely to discount this definition because they believe that altruism: A. can occur even without behavior. B. necessitates self-sacrifice. C. occurs in order to promote the promulgation of one's genes, which is ultimately selfish. D. All of the above are true. PSY 0105 Exam #3 Page 5 24. Research on the effects of the presence of other people on bystander intervention shows that: A. education about bystander effects makes very little difference in people's behavior. B. the levels of bystander intervention depend heavily on the composition of the group. C. most people do not believe they are affected by the presence of others. D. All of the above are true. 25. All other things being equal, research suggests that the best way to get someone to like you is to: A. compliment the person from the very beginning and never stop. B. begin by insulting the person before giving compliments. C. insult the person from the very beginning and never stop. D. begin by complimenting the person before making insults. 26. Sociobiological approaches to altruism, attraction, and aggression are based on the critical assumption that human behavior (and non-human primate behavior) is devised to: A. create social relationships with members of the species. B. pass along one's individual genes. C. maximize pleasure. D. protect the species as a whole. 27. Which of the following gender differences has been supported by research on relationships? A. Men self-disclose more than women at the beginning of a relationship. B. Women have a harder time than men coping with breakups. C. Men are more upset by emotional infidelity than sexual infidelity. D. Women are more likely than men to prefer symmetrical faces. 28. People tend to: A. believe their risk of experiencing health problems is lower than that of their peers. B. underestimate the risk of health problems for which experts have given conflicting advice. C. change behavior their only when their risk is high and they are worried. D. All of the above are true. 29. All of the following have been linked with positive health outcomes except: A. owning a dog. B. having a Type A personality. C. religious involvement. D. talking about one's stressors with others. PSY 0105 Exam #3 Page 6 30. Which of the following appears to be true? A. Volunteers who are entirely altruistic tend to burn out faster. B. Individuals relatively lower in sensation-seeking are also more likely to help in emergencies. C. Bad moods generally reduce helping behavior. D. All of the above are true. 31. Even though he feels that drug addicts often deserve their plight, Steven donates clothes to a rehabilitation center because he believes he has an obligation to help those who need assistance, whatever the reasons behind their condition. Steven's thoughts regarding his actions are most consistent with the norm of: A. reciprocity. B. justice. C. equity. D. social responsibility. 32. Which of the following has been demonstrated in research on bullying? A. Bullying appears to be limited to Western cultures. B. Bullying is particularly problematic for children with low self-esteem. C. Though unpleasant for those who are targeted, bullying does not have any serious longterm negative effects. D. Bullying is relatively uncommon, occurring in a limited number of schools and experienced by a limited number of students. 33. Kwame, a noted psychologist, has been called as an expert witness in a trial. Kwame is likely to provide testimony concerning all of the following except: A. alcoholic intoxication can impair ability to recall events. B. police instructions can affect the willingness of an eyewitness to make an identification. C. eyewitness confidence is not a good predictor of accuracy. D. hypnosis increases the accuracy of eyewitness memory. 34. If Chen has a depressive explanatory style, then she is likely to attribute her failures to: A. stable, global, and internal factors. B. stable, global, and external factors. C. unstable, situational, and internal factors. D. unstable, situational, and external factors. PSY 0105 Exam #3 Page 7 35. The arousal-affect model does not make very clear predictions concerning the effects on aggression of experiences that produce: A. positive emotions and low arousal. B. positive emotions and high arousal. C. negative emotions and low arousal. D. negative emotions and high arousal. 36. Which of the following has been demonstrated in research concerning the impact of gender on responses to stress? A. Men and women exhibit the fight-or-flight response to the same degree. B. Women become more nurturing and affiliative than do men. C. Women react more aggressively than men. D. Men are less likely than women to suffer negative health consequences following prolonged stress. 37. A recent analysis of studies with over 36,000 participants indicates a positive correlation between corporal punishment and: A. aggression as a child. B. aggression as an adult. C. criminal behavior. D. All of the above are true. 38. Drew, an overworked business executive, may be more susceptible to getting ill if he has: A. a Type B personality. B. multiple social roles. C. a low lymphocyte count. D. very low levels of adrenaline in his bloodstream. 39. A major problem with using the polygraph as a lie detector is that: A. truthful persons often fail the test. B. arousal cannot be measured with the polygraph. C. it measures only the vocal channel, ignoring all other channels. D. control questions tend to evoke arousal even in innocent people. 40. All other things being equal, which of the following does not seem to increase aggression? A. Extremely high temperatures B. Marijuana C. Viewing nonviolent pornography D. All of the above do not seem to increase aggression. PSY 0105 Exam #3 Page 8 41. Deep breathing is effective as a mood enhancer and coping technique because it: A. increases salivary cortisol. B. decreases the temperature of the hypothalamus. C. decreases natural killer cell production. D. increases blood pressure. 42. When angered, hostile people tend to exhibit: A. increased activity in their immune systems. B. lowered blood pressure. C. more intense cardiovascular reactions. D. more emotion-focused coping. 43. Based on the principles of social learning theory, which of the following measures is most likely to be successful in teaching a child to act nonviolently? A. Punish the child physically for acting aggressively. B. Expose the child to models (such as adults or older siblings) who are punished harshly for acting aggressively. C. Expose the child to models (such as adults or older siblings) who act non-aggressively in response to provoking situations. D. Teach the child how to displace frustrations and anger in safe, socially acceptable ways, such as by hitting a punching bag or role-playing a desired outcome. 44. The sociobiological study of Thompson's gazelles and bull sea elephants suggests that: A. altruism is a by-product of aggression. B. aggression is ritualized in order to prevent frequent death. C. aggression is learned, not genetic. D. altruism and aggression result largely from emotion. 45. Which of the following has not been demonstrated by research on loneliness? A. Older people tend to be lonelier than young adults. B. Loneliness is greatest during periods of life transitions. C. People who are divorced, separated, or widowed are lonelier than people who have never been married. D. People are more likely to cope with loneliness by distracting themselves than by using alcohol and drugs. 46. Which of the following is consistent with the mere exposure effect? A. We enjoy seeing pictures of people we like. B. The more we see someone, the greater the attraction. C. A couple falls in love at first sight. D. The old saying "Birds of a feather flock together." PSY 0105 Exam #3 Page 9 47. Which of the following aspects of the jury in Twelve Angry Men was likely to bias them towards a guilty verdict? A. group size B. death qualification C. need to reach an unanimous verdict D. All of the above 48. Recent research in health psychology shows that: A. the number of social contacts matters more than perceived availability of others. B. risk perceptions are only moderately related to health behavior. C. stress influences the sympathetic nervous system but not the immune system. D. None of the above is true. 49. Which of the following would be most difficult to explain from an evolutionary perspective? A. The vast majority of men seek mates younger than they are. B. Women tend to be more bothered by emotional infidelity than men are. C. Most men eventually get married or enter monogamous relationships. D. Women tend to emphasize their physical appearance when seeking a male mate via personal ads. 50. Overhelping appears to be motivated by: A. reciprocal altruism. B. the desire to raise suspicions about the competency of the help recipient. C. the need to maximize the rewards and minimize the costs associated with helping. D. kinship selection. 51. Which of the following was not depicted accurately in the film Twelve Angry Men, according to research in social psychology? A. effects of deindividuation on aggression B. group polarization in jury decision-making C. the use of subtyping to protect stereotypes D. differences between private and public conformity 52. Diffusion of responsibility can be reduced if: A. the bystander's training is relevant to the emergency at hand. B. there are many bystanders. C. the bystanders do not know each other. D. the bystanders do not know the victim. PSY 0105 Exam #3 Page 10 53. Of the following, the study that best supports the notion that physiological arousal can be misattributed is: A. the study of motives underlying volunteerism. B. the attributional ambiguity study in which physically attractive individuals were complimented by others who could or could not see them. C. the "common cold" study in which participants were injected with a cold virus to see if they became sick. D. the "Bridge" study in which male undergraduates were approached by a female confederate on a shaky bridge. 54. Lydia needs people to help her by signing a petition for her. She can best increase her chances of receiving help by: A. making herself look more attractive. B. noting that she is in a bind because she waited until the last minute. C. first putting her potential helpers in a self-focused negative mood. D. All of the above would help to the same extent. 55. As compared to feelings of personal distress, empathic concern: A. is more likely in emergency situations. B. does not directly influence helping behavior. C. is more cognitive in nature. D. is other-oriented rather than self-oriented.

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