Montour Ryan PSY 110- Quiz 1 Question 1: A) Macroevolution being defined in relative terms as: "The large-scale patterns, trends, and rates of change among groups of species". In microevolution, the process can be summarized as three key points: Genes mutate (changes in a gene), individuals are selected, and populations evolve. B) In Homo sapiens, parallel evolution of increase brain size and culture was also accompanied by changes in the skull bones and an increased capacity for language. New behavior promoted the brain case to enlarge and brain regions involved in information processing to expand. In turn, the expanded brain regions stimulated more new behavior. Question 2: A) The prokaryotes are a group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. They differ from the eukaryotes, which have a cell nucleus. Prokaryotes also differ from eukaryotes in that they contain only a single loop of stable chromosomal DNA stored in the nucleus area. B) The mitochondria are cells act in a relative sense the same to prokaryote organisms because they take in an energy source a produce a byproduct waste. Question 3: A) Homeostasis is the property of either an open system or a closed system, especially a living organism that regulates its internal environment to maintain a stable, constant condition. In the human body, this process is carried out internally throughout all organs and cells. Question 4: A) An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that can often form between metal and non-metal ions through electrostatic attraction. B) A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, or between atoms and other covalent bonds. A C) hydrogen bond is a special type of dipole-dipole force that exists between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bonded to another electronegative atom.
Question 5: From a biological standpoint, water has many distinct properties that are critical for the proliferation of life that set it apart from other substances. It carries out this role by allowing organic compounds to react in ways that ultimately allow replication. Also, water is vital both as a solvent in which many of the body's solutes dissolve and as an essential part of many metabolic processes within the body. Question 6: Adipocytes come in the form of white and brown fat cells. White fat cells contain a large lipid droplet surrounded by a ring of cytoplasm. The nucleus is flattened and located on the periphery. The fat stored is in a semi-liquid state, and is composed primarily of triglycerides and cholesterol ester. Brown fat cells are polygonal in shape. Unlike white fat cells, these cells have considerable cytoplasm, with lipid droplets scattered throughout. The nucleus is round, and, although eccentrically located, it is not in the periphery of the cell. Question 7: A vein looks blue because red light travels far enough into the skin to be absorbed by the blood in the vein. Accordingly, blue light is reflected back to us from the skin and red light is not. Question 8: 1. Cephalic phase: preparatory phase where sight, smell, and thought anticipate a meal and feeding is initiated. 2. Absorptive phase: the period when energy from a meal is absorbed into the blood stream meeting the body's immediate energy needs. 3. Fasting phase: the period when all the energy from the meal has been used and the body is using stored energy from previous meals.