Stone
Adrian Office BS 148 Office Hours Monday 9:45-11:15 Thursday 2:00-3:30 Or by appointment [e-mail] Office Phone [phone] (but e-mail is better)
Required Texts
BIO 202 Laboratory Manual
Saladins Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function Laboratory Manual
Text
Saladins Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Optional, But Potentially Useful
The Anatomy Coloring Book
Human Parts
This Laboratory will occasionally incorporate real human specimens. If this poses a problem for religious, cultural, ethical reasons, please inform me and we can accommodate
Schedule
The dates of all 12 labs, practicals, exercises, and due dates for assignments are on the syllabus and most likely will not change.
Attendance
Every week we learn an abundance of terminology You are responsible for all information, announcements, handouts, and materials given in lab For a strong performance read assigned labs prior to attending class, stay until lab is finished, and attend all labs THERE ARE NO MAKEUP QUIZZES OR ASSIGNMENTS AND NO EXTRA CREDIT
Evaluation
2 Practical Exams - 60 points each 10 quizzes at beginning of lab - 10 points each Mostly practical type questions Quizzes mainly cover prior weeks material, but can cover older material Lowest quiz grade will be dropped 6 review exercises - 10 points each Randomly collected 2 Notebook evaluations - 15 points each TOTAL - 300 points Lab Grade is 25% final course grade
Anatomy Notebook
Purpose: Record the information learned throughout the semester (ex. sketching different tissue types) Notebook will be graded 2 times during the semester (graded on content and effort) Colored pencils are recommended It will be as helpful as the effort that you put into it.
All students must be enrolled in both the lab and lecture portions of the course
Lab=25% Lecture=75%
Additional info about Bio 202 can be found at
http://www4.nau.edu/biology/bio202
Problems with the lab that cannot be handled by me may be referred to Lara Dickson
BS 212 523-9399 [e-mail]
Human Anatomy Lab 1
Anatomical Terminology and Histology
Anatomical Position
Person stands erect Feet flat on floor Arms at sides Palms, eyes & face facing forward Standard frame of reference for anatomical descriptions & dissection
Saladin p32
Anatomical Planes
Planes are imaginary flat surfaces passing through the body
sections are anatomical views if body is cut on a plane
Sagittal plane divides body into right and left halves Frontal (coronal) plane divides body into front & back portions Transverse (horizontal) plane divides the body into upper & lower portions
Sagittal and Parasagittal Planes
Sagittal plane divides body into right and left halves
midsagittal plane divides body into equal right and left halves parasagittal plane divides the body into right and left portions
an infinite number
Dissection through ______ plane
Dissection through ______ plane
Dissection through ______plane
Organ Systems
(RUN MRS LIDEC) Respiratory Urinary Nervous Muscular Reproductive Skeletal Lymphatic Integumentary Digestive Endocrine Cardiovascular
Microscopy
Microscope Care
- Always carry the scope with two hands - Only clean lenses with lens paper - Place and remove slides with the smallest objective engaged - When focusing in higher objectives only use the fine focus knob
Important Features
Stage
Where you place your specimen
Objectives
Control magnification
Ocular
eyepiece
Condenser
Controls the light source focus
You can either have a spotlight or a beam based on how you position your diaphragm lever
Coarse/Fine Adjustment Knobs
Know when to use each
The Microscope
Histology (review)
Study of tissues Tissues
cells + extracellular material have a particular function Organs = 2 or more tissues
4 main tissue types
Histology
The 4 tissue types:
Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscular Tissue Nervous Tissue
Sectioning Solid Objects
12345
1
5
2
3
4
Compare sectioning a boiled egg to sectioning a cell with a centrally nucleus located Slices 1 & 5 miss the yolk / cell nucleus Yolk / cell nucleus is smaller in sections 2&4
Sectioning Hollow Structures
A B
Image A is a cross section of elbow macaroni, but it could be a blood vessel, piece of gut, or other tubular organ. Image B is a longitudinal section of a sweat gland. Notice what a single slice could look like
Epithelial Tissue
One or more layers of closely adhering cells Highly cellular Covers / lines parts of the body
Forms a flat sheet with the upper surface exposed to the environment or an internal body cavity
No room for blood vessels
depends on underlying connective tissue for oxygen
Epithelial Tissue
Usually attached to underlying layers by noncellular basement membrane (basal surface of cells)
thin layer of collagen and adhesive proteins anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Classified by:
1. Cell shape
Squamous Cuboidal Columnar
2. Number of layers
Simple Stratified
Simple Versus Stratified Epithelia
Simple epithelium
contains one layer of cells named by shape of cells
Stratified epithelium
contains more than one layer named by shape of apical cells
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Single row of flat cells Allows rapid diffusion of substances; secretes serous fluid Found in the air sacs of lungs, lining blood vessels, and is the surface layer of many membranes
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Single row of cube-shaped cells Reabsorption & secretion (sweat, oil) Liver, thyroid, mammary, salivary and other glands, bronchioles, and most kidney tubules
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Goblet cell Microvilli
Single row of tall, narrow cells
vertically oriented, oval nuclei in basal half of cell
Absorption & secretion; secretion of mucus Inner lining of GI tract, uterus, kidney & uterine tubes
Simple Columnar Epithelium (from Uterus)
Pseudostratified Epithelium
Cilia Goblet cell
Basal cell
Single row of cells not all of which reach the free surface
nuclei of basal cells give layer a stratified look
Secretes and propels respiratory mucus Found in respiratory system
Stratified Epithelia
Composed of more than one layer of cells & named for shape of surface cells
exception is transitional epithelium
Deepest cells sit on basement membrane Variations
keratinized epithelium has surface layer of dead cells nonkeratinized epithelium lacks the layer of dead cells
Keratinized Stratified Squamous
Multil...