Sexuality Human Exam 3 Review
Sex, Drugs, and Rock & Roll Aphrodisiacs: drug/agent that is sex arousing or increases sex desire. Provide: 1. expectancy effect 2. reduced inhibitions 3. burst of nutrition/energy 4. blood flow. o Ex = Spanish fly (crushed dried beetles that contain lactone called cantharidin. It burns, among other things). o Some aphrodisiacs contain scopatamine (treats nausa, motion sickness, certain ophthalimic purposes) and atropine. o Nightshade: belladonna, mandrake, gimson weed, cocaine. They block ACT receptors, produce sedative anesthetic effects. o Dopamine vs. Serotonin Dopamine: the craving neurochemical which stimulates the brains pleasure center. o Dopamine = desire. o Prolactine = satisfaction. Serotonin: o the "well-being" neurotransmitter. o Low levels = anger/depression, OCD. o High levels = inhibit sexual desire and orgasim. Drugs: o Alcohol: reduces inhibitions, CNS depressant, whisky dick, reduces testosterone. o Cocaine: stimulant, typical anesthetic, increase arousal, increases erections/organisms better/easier (but too much makes these impossible). o Ecstasy: Entheogenic increases empathy and closenessness, gives illusion of intimacy. Increase sex desire, decreases resistance. Mixed effects on individual. May have typical SSRIs effects on performance (low sex drive & low arousal). o SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors): decrease libido, inhibit orgasm. Ex = Prozac, Zoloft, etc. o Hallucinogens: may increase sensory awareness, but can be unpredictable. Ex = LSD. o WEEEDDD: AWESOME. Stimulates dopamine pathways, but may reduce testosterone, testicle size, and libido. o Reefer Madness: Euphoria, relaxation, sex arousal, heightened sensations and sociability, and can become a depressant. o Yohimbine (the OTC Aphrodisiac): derived from an African tree, produces vasadilation by inhibition; may have psychological effects on sex arousal. o Viagra: ***True Aphrodisiac*** o Suppresses SNS in corpora cavernosa which relaxes it and inc blood flow.
o Barbituates: o enhances arousal o stimulates sex activity o reduces inhibitions/desires o impairs erection/ejac o can lead to addiction, depression, death.
Technique Japanese Art of Sex: o Geisha don't wear panties. o Komoto has an open right side for men to grab breast. o Makeup highly erotic, hinting on her genitalia. o Chrysantemun (anus) o Locus nectar (oral sex for women) o Two commas = 69 Positions: 1. Missionary: conservative, but has variability. Sexually exploited people may like. 2. Wild abandonment: which controls depth of penetration. 3. Rear entry: good through pregnancy, good for needle dicks, not good for sexually exploited people, can created the dreaded quief. 4. Lateral or side-by-side: can cause arm to fall asleep. Kama Sutra: been around since 300-500 AD. Fully of poetically describing positions (ex = congress of a cow aka "doggy style"). o Hinduism o Four arms in life: 1. dharma satisfies religious, social, moral obligations. 2. artha maternal well being. 3. kama pleasure, love, desire, affection, lust. "Indian god of love". 4. monksa release from cycle of rebirth.
Contraceptives Consumer Awareness: methods that will keep you from getting pregnant. 1. shared responsibility 2. choosing whats best for you. 3. level of effectiveness (hormonal birth control pills most effective) 4. ease of use 5. affordability 6. over the counter vs. Rx 7. Barrier vs spermicide vs hormonal 8. pregnancy plans for future 9. risks/side effects
Ancient Methods: o pulling out o sperm sheets o absorbent material in vagina o linen o animal intestines o rubbers History: Comstock Act Prohibited sending BC info via mail (1873). Margret Sanger: est. national BC league and the women rebel. Went to jail. Barrier Methods: condoms 1 use only. Condoms: latex or polyurethane (more expensive). o Contains spermicide o 85 95% effective o Latex limits lubrication o Reservoir tip o Pro = cheap, easy to obtain, some STI protection. o Cons = ???? cant feel SHIT. Female Condoms: o Latex o 79 95% effective. o Pros = women in charge, better for males. o Cons = costly, noisy, hard to use. Cervical Barriers: aka Diaphram latex/silicone cup made to cover cervix. o 84-94% effective. o Pros = offer HPV protection, may be inserted ahead of time, reusable, use for sex during period. o Cons = initially expensive, may have to be fitted (if gain/lose wait), jelly can be messy, must stay in place 6 8 hrs after intercourse. Len's Shield + Fencup: one size fits all. Spermicidal Methods: aka "sponge" o 71 82% effective o Pros = cheap, over the counter, easy to obtain. o Cons = low effectiveness, allergenic, little STI protection, don't taste good, new application for each time of sex. Hormonal Methods: o 92 99.7% effective o Synthetic hormone that replaces your own. o Increases estrogen and progesterone to prevent pituitary glands triggering hormones. o Inhibits ovulation (body thinks its pregnant) o Thickens cervical mucus. o Makes uterine less receptive for implantation. o Side effects = much like pregnancy effects (nausea, weight gain, reduced sex drive). Goes away after a few cycles. w/ cigs = blood clots.
Combination Pills: combo of synthetic estrogen and progesterone. o Active pills and placebos while menstruating. o Monophosic same amount of hormone in each pill. o Multiphasic hormone level varies to mimic natural fluctuaions. o Pros = highly effective, lighter periods, don't interfere with spontaneity, reduce likelihood of ovarian cyst, rapid reversibility. o Cons = taken daily @ same time, no STI protection, all on female, side effects/health risks, cigs are bad. Emergency Contraception: 72 hr deal o High dose of hormone to inhibit fertilization. o Doesn't work once pregnant (within 72 hrs). Intra-Uderan Devises: long term o Stays in uterus several years. o Keeps uterus in constant irritation. o After you've had children, other methods don't work. o Side effects = produces bad cramping/periods, painful sex. If pregnant, removal can cause miscarriage. Insurance may pay for (expensive). Noraplant: Involve 6 Q-tips inserted under arm; time released; hard to get out. Nuva-Ring: Hormonal; time released; goes into vagina for 3 weeks, then changed. Low hormonal dose; heat sensitive; 98% effective. Natural Family Plan: 75-99% effective; requires discipline & body awareness. To know when ovulating and ovoid sex during (10-14 days). Ovulation Check: Basal body temp goes up .4 -.8 (check every morning). Cervical mucus thins, breast feeding works a little. Sex for Sale **The oldest written accounts dates back to China's Zhou Dynasty (1000-221BC). Recalls men's need to absorb yin essence. **Herms here and elsewhere were guarded by eunuchs (castrated males). 3 ranks of Brothels in Ancient China: 1. Wa-she: cheap government establishments for soldiers, sailors, poor men. 2. Wire-Houses: middle rank; 1st red-light district; hung lamps @ door. 3. Tea-Houses: has the best of everything. ***Brothels were used to wear out the enemy ***During Hun Dynasty (140-87BC), the emperor "Wu" institutionalized soldiers courtesans to entertain troops and strengthen their will to fight. Comfort Women: mostly Japanese during WWII; unknown how many kept as slaves. ***Ancient Hebrews did not approve of prostitution. ***Ancient Jewish women who became prostitutes did it out of economic necessity. ***John the Baptist reported Mary Magdalene as the love of Jesus.
***St. Augustine banished prostitutes from human kind and capricious lust will overflow society. Prostitution as protection against uncontrolled immortality. ***Unknown how many prostitutes currently in USA. ***Kinsey's men almost 2/3 had visited a prostitute at least once. 15-20% regularly; #s dropped dramatically by 1970s. Why use a prostitute? 1. sex without negotiation 2. sex w/o commitment 3. sex for eroticism and variety 4. prostitution as sociability 5. sex away from home 6. can't get sex otherwise (ex= disfigured) +Pornography: written, visual, or videotaped material that is sexually explicit and produced for purpose of eliciting/enhancing sexual arousal. (Greek "write about prostitutes). +Obscenity: that which offends people's feelings or goes beyond revailing standards of decency or modesty. (From Latin word "filth") +Erotica: books, pics, and films having to do with sexual love. ("eros") ***1957 Roth vs US. 1st amendment prevails unless materials' dominant theme in a prurient manner. (prurient tending to excite lust, crude) ***Both men and women are physiologically aroused by porn. Women rate romantic scenes as more sexually arousing than sexually explicit scenes. Men like visual porn more than women do. *********READ ARTICLE "GIRLS NEXT DOOR"*************
Atypical Sexual Variations Paraphilia - Greek o "parap" to the side of o "Philos" loving - American Psychiatric Association:**** o "Atypical patterns of sexual arousal or behavior that become problematic in the eye of the individual or society, such as fetishism or exhibitionism." DSM-IV Diagnostic & Statistical Manual 4 - Characterized by recurrent, intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve unusual objects, activities, or situations and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Paraphilia - the urges much have been acted upon and feel urgent, compelling and virtually irresistible - range of dysfunction (obsessive compulsive) |---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------| mostly normal only paraphilia sex life produces arousal Some Common Themes: - "Inadequate" personalities - avoiding real intimacy - sex from a distance - sex in fantasy - using people - risk of discovery enhances excitement Ways These Patterns Start: 1. Childhood experiences, from early sexual explorations to perhaps sexual abuse. 2. "Behavior conditioning" normal sexual arousal occurs in conjunction with, say, an inanimate object a. just as w/ Pavlov's dogs. It's not long before the object can produce sexual arousal 3. The search for the next hottest forbidden thing 4. Social learning; doing what you've observed others doing, in reality the media Types: 1. Harmless, victimless paraphilias o Fetishism Inanimate (never alive) object, have projected power into them o The "magic" is in the object of arousal The closing, shoes, rubber, leather, etc. 2. Transvestism o transvestism ("Transvestic fetishism") o cross-dressing or the urge to cross dress, for sexual arousal or gratification o the "magic" article only works when it is worn. o Most transvestites are straight males. o Not all "drag queens" are transvestites o Origins? Only child, eldest child Closer mother to than father "Petticoat Punishment" o May be an attempt to master humiliation, may be a means to relieve tension and responsibility, or a way to act out gender fantasies.
3. Exhibitionism o Persistent, powerful urges & sexual fantasies involving exposing the genitals to unsuspecting stranger for the purpose of sexual gratification o How often unreported? o "Typical" Exhibitionist young male sexually repressed problems w/ relating to women problems establishing meaningful relationship unhappily married What's up with this? o Indirect expression of hostility toward woman o Anger b/c woman have failed to notice him o Feels woman have insulted his masculinity o Some believe women will be impressed and enjoy o Many exhibitionist are erect when they expose; when victim expresses shock, horror, etc, he covers up and flees. He masturbates then or later. 4. Voyeurism: o strong, repetitive urge to view unsuspecting strangers who are naked, undressing, or engaged in sexual activity arousal from watching physical contact usually not sought masturbate while watching or later, during "fantasy reply" o Risk of Discover may arouse o The Peeping "Tom" Why? Generally less experienced sexually than the other sex offenders Inadequate, poor social skills Avoiding risk of rejection o Most exhibitionist and voyeurs not rapists 5. Obscene phone calling: "telephone scatalogia" 6. Sexual Masochism: o needing to experience pain/humiliation to achieve/enhance sexual arousal. o Pain is enjoyed a part of sexual ritual. o Diagnosis is in part a matter of degree and the extent to which pain is needed for arousal o Why? A relief from the demands of being a grown up? Acting out a deep need for punishment? Guilt, shame, self-loathing? Mastery over pain? o Can be dangerous, sometimes fatal o Hypoxyphilia (auto erotic asphyxiation): enhancing sexual arousal via oxygen deprivation (can be most definitely fatal)
7. Sexual Sudism: o persistent, powerful, need to inflict pain and suffering on others in order to achieve sexual gratification o majority: with willing partners o small minority: unsuspecting victims o very small minority: sadistic killers o Roots date to childhood, which may have been an abusive one. (In troubled families, pain and love can become fused to confused.) 8. Frotteurism: o French, frotter, to rub o Acting upon or being distress by the urge to rub on unconsenting strangers. Less Common Paraphilias 1. Zoophilia o kinses: 8% of men, 3-4% of women admitted some history of sexual contact with a non-human animal 2. Necrophilia (sex w/ dead body) o small minority will kill to obtain corpse Sex + excretive primitive longs ***** 1. Kilsmaphilia o enemas, usually visually on the receiving o use to be more popular 2. Corprophilia o feces 3. Urophilia o urine Pedophilia 1. Being sexual aroused by children - stuck in their own childhood? - History of childhood abuse/exploitation - Misguided perceptions of "child" - Delusional about the relationship
STIs STI: "Venereal disease" were considered to be god's punishment for sinful behavior. This hasn't exactly inspired people to seek testing or treatment STIs have also been used to slander whole races (syphilis as the "French disease" Attitudes: punishment, shame Women: more vulnerable, less symptomatic Pregnancy: damages to fertility, fetus Any mode of transmission will work fine: oral, genital, anal, skin to skin Don't share drinking glasses, wet towels, lipstick, razors, toothbrushes, toilet seats, underwear, combs, needles Undiagnosed STI's are trouble: Many STI's show no symptoms, but meanwhile internal damage may occur Inflammation of pelvic organs can lead to infertility or other problems. PID=Pelvic Inflammatory Disease You can move STI's from place to place on your own body Transmission to baby usually happens during childhood Bacterial Bacterial-caused STI's: gonorrhea, syphilis, Chlamydia, some vaginitis These are antibiotic resistant strains Two most common: Chlamydia and HPV Gonorrhea: 80% of women who contract it have no symptoms, but may pass it on to a partner; "the clap" Symptoms: o Men: yellowish, thick penile discharge, burning or urination o Women: increased vaginal discharge; burning on urination; irregular menstrual Treatment: ???? Syphilis: about 120,000 new cases a year in US Can lead to more serious problems than gonorrhea, including: blindness, heart disease, deteriorative mental illness, even death Transmission occurs during contact with open lesion, mucus membranes of an infected person Primary Stage: a painless chancre appears at the infection site within 2-4 weeks. In women, this may be internal. In men, it usually is on the penis or scrotum; infection persists after chancre heals Secondary Stage: painless skin rash anywhere; mouth sores, painful joints, sore throat, headache, flu-like symptoms Latent Stage: may be dormant for 1-40 years; spirochetes burrow into circulatory system, central nervous system and bones Tertiary Stage: ulcers form; systematic infections; neurosyphilis; can be fatal
Test: Blood test Chlamydia: More common than gonorrhea or syphilis; "Chlamydia" is a term for a variety of infections caused by a little parasite that thrives only within cells Your brand of Chlamydia depends on which organs Majority of people are asymptomatic May be transmitted by fecal contact, discharges or insects bites (in underdeveloped nations) Can get infected in different regions Vaginal Infections: men can be affected too up to 90% of vaginitis involve bacterial vaginosis; candidiasis or trichomoniasis Causes? Some caused by infectious agents passed on sexually Many are caused by allergic or sensitive reactions or imbalances in vaginal chemistry Excessive douching; dietary changes; use of antibiotics or birth control pills; lowered resistance; pantyhose or nylon underwear BV (bacterial vaginosis) Symtoms: thin, foul-smelling vaginal discharge. May be asymptomatic Transmission may be sexual; man can get it Easily treated: get an antibiotic Candidiasis: "yeast infection" A yeast like fungus normally found in the vagina; trouble when out of balance May occur in "mouth White, cottage-cheese discharge; itchy Often appears when HIV infection is present, but most people with this do not have HIV Trichomoniasis: "Trick" Caused by a protozoan type of parasite Most common parasitic STD 8 million cases a year in women in US kind of smelly VIRUSES: Herpes: Symptoms come and go, but the virus stays Herpes is for life May be contracted even if the carrier is symptom free at the time HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus, type 1)
Causes (most) ORAL herpes, which appears as cold sores or fever blisters on lips and mouth Can be transferred to genitals! HSV-2: o Causes most genital herpes; painful shallow sores and blisters on genitals; may be internal. In one act of unprotected sex with an infected person 50% men 80-90% women How to get herpes: oral, anal, vaginal sex drinking same cup, kissing, sharing towels Herpes survives for several hours on a toilet seat or hard surfaces Condoms help Cant get through a latex condom Mothers can pass it along during childbirth Can be spread to other parts of the body, like eyes Symptoms: o Lesions, reddish, painful pustules which become blisters; fill with pus, burst and shedding tremendous amounts of virus o Headaches, muscle aches, fever, burning with peeing, vaginal discharge
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HPV: Human Papilloma Virus Genital warts: you can have it with out visible warts #1 cause of abnormal pap and often the 1st indication that a women has HPV Treatment involves removes visible warts. Antiviral meds may be used. Vaccine is now available, a 3 step process Hepatitis: a disease of the liver caused by one of several viruses Hep A: (HAV) is transmitted via fecal material (don't drink the water), close personal contact, contaminated food or water o Symptoms: flu-like illness; jaundice (turning orangish), severe stomach pains and diarrhea Hep B (HBV) through bodily fluids; 100 times more infectious than HIV o Symptoms: loss of appetite, tiredness, muscle and joint pain; diarrhea and vomiting, jaundice o May cause long term liver damage, liver cancer and death Hep C (chronic): 80% of sufferers don't know they have it. 1-5% infected die from it o Transmission: via blood products o Symptoms: once they show up, are similar to other heps *there are other strains of hepatitis, but no vaccines
"HIV": Human Immunodeficiency Virus HiV kills white blood cells called T4 or CD4 lymphocytes- crippling your immune system (T4 cells are in a managerial position: without them your system doesn't "know" what to do) Average incubation time, untreated: 10-12 years "AIDS": Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Testing is for antibodies. ELISA screening, then western Blot to confirm Oraquick, anyone can administer it is a retrovirus Early Symptoms of HIV disease: Fatigue Body aches, headaches Swollen lymph glands Fever, sweats Night sweats Chills Diarrhea Loss of appetite, weight Later, with AIDS, opportunistic infections: PCP (pneumonia) Kaposi's sarcoma (skin cancer- purplish) Candida CNS infections (meningitis) Mycobacterial/ tubular infections Treatment: o Treatment addresses HIV reproduction o Combinations of antiviral agents (protease inhibitors) are used o Costs can be astronomical o Treatment only works for about 50% of sufferers, long term o Compliance with the regimen must be rigid o Side Effects can be difficult and we don't know the long term once o Mutation: HIV is a smart virus and it mutates o ** Just because both partners have HIV, doesn't mean that you can throw away the condoms because there are many different strains How to acquire HIV: bodily fluids from an infected person. Its been found in all bodily fluids, but in highest concentrations in blood and semen its not the most transmissible virus Blood contact, sexual contact, perinatal (intrauterine, during birth, breast feeding)
STI Prevention: Abstinence Mutual monogamy with tested, negative partner Condom use Don't use prostitutes Don't share needles Don't engage in sexual activities likely to produce even tiny tears in the flesh Make sure when you get a piercing or a tattoo that appropriate sterilization procedures have been used Make sure blood or sperm have been tested Donate your own blood for surgery Don't share toothbrushes, razors, etc with anyone who has or may have an STI. ***The actual quote is from Macbeth "Drink, sir, is a great provoker of three things . . . nose-painting, sleep, and urine. Lechery, sir, it provokes, and unprovokes; it provokes the desire, but it takes away the performance." So in short alcohol makes people want sex but drunk sex is never good sex. (Dudes get "whiskey dick")