Model Communication Selectivity 1. Selective Exposure A. Involvement - What you are more into, topics you are into. B. Proximity - (ex. Putting a higher rated show after one that needs ratings.) C. Utility - If you have something why do you need to expose yourself to it continually. D. Reinforcement - We expose ourselves to things that make us feel good. We like people who like us/reinforce us. 2. Selective Attention - you can expose yourself to something but you don't have to pay attention A. Novelty - We notice things that are new to us. The more you are around something the less you notice it. B. Concreteness - (ex. Like the lab vs. the lecture) C. Less Competing Stimuli - Going somewhere where you have too much interference. When you reduce the stimuli you will pay more attention and notice things. D. Momentum - Once you do something the first couple of times it has to bring you in for you to be hooked. E. Utility - If we can't see how useful something is to us why are we going to pay attention to it. 3. Selective Perception - Perceive things the way the communicator says it. A. Eliminate/Reduce Ambiguity - Not clear what something someone is talking about. People will often times misunderstand you with ambiguous actions/words. B. Use Redundancy - Makes sure people remember it. C. Focus on Listener's - Needs When needs are unmet we misinterpret the information being taught to us. We always have needs and we preceive everything from needs. I. Control - We have a need for a control. (When you have no power everything is about power) II. Inclusion - We all like to be included. When someone isn't included everything they interpret is about being excluded. III. Affection - We have a need to be liked. IV. Efficacy - Having an impact in other people's lives. We like the notion about having an impact in someone's life. D. Focus on Listener's Schemas - Schemas can create misunderstandings. People assume you are talking about something when you are talking about something else. We know what they are saying but we'll put it in another box. Its easy to `fill in the blanks' when interpreting information. 4. Selective Retention A. Redundancy & Repetition - Repetition does help B. Utility - Giving information that is actually useful. C. Primacy/Recency - People remember things at the beginning and the end the second best. If someone is making a decision what you say last is the best thing remembered. The first parts of meetings are taken up by the first couple of things. So its best to bring up something not at the beginning. D. Salience - Saying something that has been emphasized or needs to be remembered.