Garrett Brnger 1/29/08 Lecture 3 (of notes, 4th Lecture overall) I. Multilateral Organizations and Associations 1) NAFTA <a href="/keyword/north-american-free-trade/" >north <a href="/keyword/american-free-trade/" >american free trade</a> </a> Agreeement Free trade in goods and services between US, Canada and Mexico No free mobility of labour Business person's agreement (stronger business people) 2) OPEC Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries Strongest of any intergovernmental commodity producers (among, banana, copper, tin for example); Most members are in the developing nations of the world central commodity of the world Group of producers get together and agree on restrictions on production; 1973 imposed limits on amount that could be exported allowed them to raise the price of oil. o Function of supply and demand Kuwait, Venezuela, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia 3) EU European Union Labour is mobile 4) UN &amp; its Associations Different countries dominate different sectors GA one country one vote Security Council very exclusive to &quot;DCs.&quot; II. Businesses 1) Capital vs. Labour Intensive 2) Maquilas (Mexican term) a. Export processing zones/off shore industries i. Industries moving from DCs to LDCs businesses moving to LDCs to produce consumption in DCs. 3) Microenterprises (Mohammad Yunus of Grameen Bank) a. Huge Success repayment rate of 98% III. Labour Terms 1) Labour intensive [vs. capital intensive] 2) Unemployment 3) Underemployment not employed in full capacity; redundancy in what people are doing ex LDCs marketing of fruits and vegetables on streets getting rid of them hardly effects economies; 4) Formal vs. informal sector a. Minimum wage for LDCs, it is the minimum you get paid if you're in the formal sector b. Labour benefits: health care, pensions 5) Maquilas/off-shore industries IV. Society 1) Social Development/Social Welfare [Kerala, Cuba] a. What governments promote is a political decision i. <a href="/keyword/infant-mortality/" >infant mortality</a> : DC's is three times higher than Havana! ii. Universal access to healthcare in Cuba b. Kerala is relatively poor but <a href="/keyword/infant-mortality/" >infant mortality</a> is very low, whilst literacy is extremely high despite the poverty in the state. 2) Culture a. Values of people, of a society, the norms (expectations of society) 3) Social Classes a. Upper class big businessmen, landowners b. Middle class salaried workers (<a href="/keyword/white-collar/" >white collar</a> ed); public sector workers (teachers) and small businessmen c. Working class manual/blue collared workers d. Lower class what most people in poor countries are (informal sector people) with low standards of living <a href="/keyword/mountains-beyond-mountains/" >mountains beyond mountains</a> 1) To broaden discussion out of the book; 2) How it feels to live in a poor country a window into their world 3) Money is important but it isn't just the case money can be thrown away at the wrong things; a. TB campaign treating symptoms alone isn't the solution b. WHO Malaria, AIDS, TB i. Did not focus on the poor! ii. Cure that was being promoted was like washing one's hands and drying them in dirt; c. Dots programme meant for large groups of people with drug-resistant TB i. Long run problem with MDR spreads 4) Poor can be improved with increased participation in faith for of Catholicism; a. Aristide helped foster this before he became a politician i. Went into politics Vatican forces the clergy to make a decision either as one or the other (father Drinnen for example); 5) NGOs Partners in Health