3: Chapter Managing OOSAD
Jun Shu, [e-mail] Dept. of SC&IS Penn State
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Chapter Objectives
After studying this chapter you should be able to: Describe the skills required to be an effective project manager. Describe the unique characteristics of an OOSAD project.
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Chapter Objectives (Continued)
After studying this chapter you should
be able to:
List and describe the skills and activities of a project manager through:
Initiation Planning Execution Close-down
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Chapter Objectives (Continued)
After studying this chapter you should
be able to:
Explain critical path scheduling, Gantt charts, Network diagrams. Explain how commercial software packages can help with project management tasks.
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Activities and Skills of a Project Manager
Leadership Management Customer relations Technical problem solving Conflict management Team management Risk and change management
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Project management is as much an art as a science
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The OOSAD System Development Process
In OOSAD, the entire SDC repeats itself over several iterations. Each iteration distributes the focus on its own set of SDC phases, but in each iteration all SDC phases are addressed to some extent.
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Sketching
Source:
www.portrait-artist.org
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Each iteration involves a workflow, consisting of SDC steps.
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SDC applied to iteration 1
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SDC applied to iteration 1 Mgt and Planning
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SDC applied to iteration 1 Analysis
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SDC applied to iteration 1 Design
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SDC applied to iteration 1 Implementation
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SDC applied to iteration 2
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SDC applied to iteration 3
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SDC applied to iteration 4
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SDC applied to iteration 5
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Plans improve over the course of the project
Moral: don't over-plan early in the project. Continue planning activities throughout entire project.
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SDC focus changes from iteration to iteration
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Project Management Tasks and Activities
Project Phases
Project Project Project Project Initiation Planning Execution Closedown
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Project Initiation
First phase of project management, involves assessment of project scope, size, and complexity and establishment of project procedures
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The Project Workbook
An online or hardcopy repository of all project correspondence, inputs, outputs, deliverables, procedures, and standards Used as a primary communications medium for the project team
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Project workbook grows and evolves during project activities
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Project Planning
Second phase of project management, focusing on defining clear, discrete and activities the work needed to complete each activity within a single project
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Project initiation does not include detailed plans for entire project
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The Baseline Project Plan (BPP)
The major deliverable from the project initiation and planning phases, this document contains estimates of scope, benefits, schedules, costs, risks, and resource requirements BPP is updated throughout project execution and closedown
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Two Project Scheduling Diagrams in Microsoft Project
Gantt: Focus is on time. Network: Focus is on dependencies.
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These diagrams are important components of the BPP.
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Cost-benefit analysis is a key component of the BPP
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Project Execution
Third phase of project management, involving putting the plans created in the previous phases into action, and monitoring actual progress against the BPP
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Project Closedown
Final phase of the project management process, focusing on bringing the project to an end
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Project Management Tools
Critical path scheduling Network diagrams Gantt diagrams Work breakdown structures (WBS) Software tools
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Critical Path Scheduling
A scheduling technique whose order and duration of a sequence of task activities directly affects the completion date of a project Critical path the shortest time in which a project can be completed Slack time the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project
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Critical path example
Note the durations and precedents (dependencies)
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Determining the Critical Path
Calculate the earliest possible completion time for each activity by summing the activity times in the longest path to the activity. This gives total expected project time. Calculate the latest possible completion time for each activity by subtracting the activity times in the path following the activity from the total expected time. This gives slack time for activities. Critical path contains no activities with slack time
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Network diagram shows dependencies.
Network diagram with early and late times calculated and critical path determined
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Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a hierarchy of tasks and subtasks.
Note: numbering in WBS does not imply chronological order. It is not necessary for all subtasks in 1 to precede all subtasks in 2.
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Planning detail evolves over time.
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Recap
After studying this chapter we learned to:
Describe effective project management skills through all phases of the systems development process. Describe OOSAD. Understand critical path scheduling, Gantt charts, and Network diagrams. Work with commercial project management software products.
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