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wings he attracts small fish and other prey. Breeding. Most breed colonially. Nest a platform of sticks built in trees, cattails, or placed on the ground. Eggs 3 7. Both male and female incubate and care for nidicolous, downy young. Note. Green-backed Herons sometime use bait while fishing. Illinois species: [ ] American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) Rare migrant, and summer resident / Breeds (endangered) [M3] [ ] Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis) Uncommon migrant and summer resident / Breeds (endangered) [M4] [ ] Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Common migrant, local winter resident (S), locally common summer resident / Breeds [M5] [ ] Great Egret (Ardea alba) Common migrant, locally common summer resident / Breeds [M6] [ ] Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) Rare migrant, local summer resident / Breeds (threatened) [M7] [ ] Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) Uncommon migrant, local summer resident / Breeds (S) (endangered) [M8] [ ] Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) Common but irregular migrant, local summer resident / Breeds [M9] Family Threskiornithidae, Ibises and Spoonbills (14/34) Distribution. Almost worldwide (especially in tropical and subtropical regions): absent from northern North America and northern Eurasia. Characteristics. All have bare patches on the face; neck and legs long; hind toe slightly elevated, foot semi-palmate; plumage usually white, brown or black, but one species is red (Scarlet Ibis) and one pinkish (Roseate Spoonbill). Lack powderdowns. Ibises have long, thin, strongly decurved bills, while spoonbill bills are broadly spatulate at the tip. Sexes similar. Habitat. Varies: usually associated with water. Habits. Most are strongly gregarious, breeding and traveling in flocks. Fly with neck extended and often soar. Northern species are migratory. Eat mostly aquatic animals, insects, snakes, and some vegetation. Spoonbills swing the head from side to side while feeding. Breeding. Colonial breeders. Nest a platform of sticks placed in tree or shrub (Ibises) or on marshy ground (Spoonbills). Eggs 2 5, white or blue, some spotted. Both sexes incubate and care for nidicolous, downy young. Family Ciconiidae, Storks (6/19) Distribution. Almost worldwide, but absent from North America north of Mexico and Florida, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands. Characteristics. Large wading with birds long, broad wings; neck and legs long; bill long, massive, and straight or decurved; feet semi-palmate (front toes webbed basally), middle toe not pectinate; lack powder downs; hind toe elevated; face or head and neck bare in some species. Plumage usually black and white, or all black or white. Sexes alike. Habitat. Varied; usually in association with water. Habits. Strong fliers, often seen soaring; fly with neck outstretched. Temperate species are migratory. Most are gregarious. 7 B i r d s o f t h e Wo r l d I Ciconiidae [ ] Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Common migrant, locally common summer resident, uncommon winter resident / Breeds [M14] Usually forage in marshy habitats, but also in cultivated fields etc. Eat fish, amphibians, insects, occasionally other animals, and carrion. Breeding. Many storks are colonial breeders, some are solitary. Most perform a courtship dance. Nest a platform of sticks built in trees, on cliffs or on buildings. Eggs 3 5. Both sexes incubate and care for nidicolous, downy young. Family Cathartidae, New World Vultures and Condors (5/7) Distribution. New World only; tropical and temperate North and South America. Characteristics. Head and neck bare, usually colored yellow, orange, or red (black in Black Vulture); some with ruff around neck; bill heavy, rounded, and hooked; toes long, not hooked for grasping; hallux reduced and elevated; inner and middle toes with rudimentary web; wings very long and broad (the Andean Condor has a wingspan of 3 m.); voiceless; plumage black or dark brown, usually lighter to whitish on the primaries (one species white and black). Sexes alike. Habitat. Varies: forests, grasslands, deserts, mountains. Habits. Soaring birds, usually solitary but congregate where food is plentiful; some will roost communally. Eat primarily carrion, some catch living mammals and birds. Breeding. Nest on cliffs (especially under overhangs), in hollow trees and stumps, or on the ground; use no nesting material. Eggs 2 3, white to greenish-gray, some spotted. Both sexes incubate (6 weeks), rear downy, nidicolous young. Young fledge in 10 weeks. Notes. Formerly placed in the order Falconiformes. Illinois species: [ ] Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) Uncommon local resident in the southern tip of the state / Breeds (S) [M13] 8 eee 335

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