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Great The Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1939 Causes and Effects of the Depression, 1929-1933 1. Wall Street Crash a. Stock prices had kept going up and up for 18 onths and major stocks had reached an all-time high b. Black Thursday and Black Tuesday i. There was an unprecedented volume of selling on Wall Street, and stock prices plunged ii. Bankers bought up this stock to try to save the economy iii. The selling frenzy resumed on Monday iv. From that day on prices kept going down 2. Causes of the Crash a. Uneven Distribution of Income i. Wages had risen relatively little compared to the large increases in productivity and corporate profits b. Stock Market Speculation i. Many peple in all economic classes believed that they could get rich "playing the market" ii. c. Excessive Use of Credit d. Overproduction of Consumer Goods e. Weak Farm Economy f. Government Policies i. Government had complete faith in businesses and did little to regulate them g. Global Economic Problems i. European had still not recovered from WWI 3. Effects Hoovers Policies 1. Responding to a Worldwide Depression a. Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930) i. Set tax increases ranging from 31 to 49 percent on foreign imports b. Debt Moratorium i. Hoover proposed a moratorium (suspension) on the payment of international debts 2. Domestic Programs: Too Little, Too Late a. Federal Farm Board i. The board was authorized to gelp farmers stabilize prices by temporarily holding surplus grain and cotton in storage b. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) i. Created as a measure for propping up faltering railroads, banks, life insurance companies, other and financial institutions with emergency loans 3. Despair and Protest a. Unrest on the Farms b. Bonus March 4. The Election of 1932 a. Democrats b. Results c. Hoover as "Lame Duck" President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal 1. FDR: The Man a. Disability b. Eleanor Roosevelt 2. The New Deal Philosophy a. The Three R's b. Brain Trust and other Advisors 3. The First Hundred Days a. Bank Holiday b. Repeal of Prohibition c. Fireside Chats d. Financial Recovery Programs e. Programs for Relief for the Unemployed f. Industrial Recovery Program g. Farm Production Control Program 4. Other Programs of the First New Deal The Second New Deal 1. Relief Programs a. Works Progress Administration (WPA) b. Resettlement Administration (RA) 2. Reforms a. National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act (1935) b. Rural Electrification Administration (REA) c. Federal Taxes 3. The Social Security Act 4. The Election of 1936 a. Alf Landon b. Results Opponents of the New Deal 1. Liberal Critics 2. Conservative Critics 3. Demagogues a. Father Charles E. Coughlin b. Dr. Francis E. Townsend c. Huey Long 4. the Supreme Court a. Court-Reorganization Plan b. Reaction c. Aftermath Rise of Unions 1. Formation of the C.I.O. 2. Strikes a. Automobiles b. Steel 3. Fair Labor Standards Act Last Phase of the New Deal 1. Recession, 1937-1938 a. Causes b. Keynesian Economics 2. Weakened New Deal Life During the Depression 1. Women 2. Dust Bowl Farmers 3. African Americans a. Improvements b. Fair Employment Practices Committee 4. Native Americans a. Indian reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act (1934) 5. Mexican Americans

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