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7270-lect7-web-1
Course: CS 7270, Fall 2008School: Georgia Tech
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NetworkedApplications&Services Lecture7 Webperformance CS7270 Part1:ContentDistributionNets 1 HowAkamaiWorks(fromSrini SeshansCMUlecture) cnn.com (content provider) Get foo.jpg Get index.h tml 1 11 12 DNS root server Akamai server 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Akamai high-level DNS server Akamai low-level DNS server Nearby matching Akamai server Enduser 10 Get /cnn.com/foo.jpg 2 AkamaiSubsequentRequests...
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NetworkedApplications&Services
Lecture7
Webperformance CS7270 Part1:ContentDistributionNets
1
HowAkamaiWorks(fromSrini SeshansCMUlecture)
cnn.com (content provider) Get foo.jpg Get index.h tml 1 11 12 DNS root server Akamai server
2
3 4
5 6 7 8 9
Akamai high-level DNS server Akamai low-level DNS server
Nearby matching Akamai server
Enduser
10 Get /cnn.com/foo.jpg
2
AkamaiSubsequentRequests
cnn.com (content provider) DNS root server Akamai server
Get index. html 1
2 7 8 9
Akamai high-level DNS server Akamai low-level DNS server
Nearby matching Akamai server
Enduser
10 Get /cnn.com/foo.jpg
3
Reading
OntheUseandPerformanceofContentDist
byB.Krishnamurthyetal.
AppearedinIMC01 Highlyinfluentialpaper(butabit outdatednow)
4
OntheUseandPerformanceof ContentDistributionNetworks
YinZhang Jointworkwith BalachanderKrishnamurthyandCraigWills
AT&TLabsResearch,WPI {yzhang,bala}@research.att.com,cew@cs.wpi.edu
ACMSIGCOMMInternetMeasurementWorkshop
November,2001
Motivation
WhatisaCDN?
StateofCDNs
Anetworkofserversdeliveringcontenton behalfofanoriginsite AnumberofCDNcompanies
Usedbymanypopularoriginsites
E.g.Akamai,DigitalIsland,Speedera E.g.,CNN,CNBC,
Littlehasbeenpublishedontheuseand performanceofexistingCDNs
6
ResearchQuestionstoAnswer
WhatCDNtechniquesarebeingused? WhatistheextenttowhichCDNsarebeingusedby popularoriginsites? WhatisthenatureofCDNservedcontent? Whatmethodologycanbeusedtomeasurethe relativeperformanceofCDNs? HowarespecificCDNsperformingbothrelativeto originserversandamongthemselves?
This talk tries to answer them based on a largescale, client-centric study conducted in Sept. 2000 and Jan. 2001
7
WhatCDNredirection techniquesarebeingused?
CDN Server Request/ Response CDN NameServer
Techniquesexamined
DNSredirection(DR)
CDN server IP
URLrewriting(UR) Hybridscheme(URDR)
Fullsitedelivery(DRF) Partialsitedelivery(DRP)
TechniquesNOTexamined
URLrewriting+ DNSredirection
Client
CDN server name
Origin Server
Manualhyperlinkselection HTTPredirection Layer4switching Layer7switching
8
HowwidelyareCDNsbeingused?
Sourcesofdata
Type Datasets Date/Duration 2months: Nov.&Dec.2000 1weekinSept.2000 1weekinJan.2001 Sites 127 1030 3 9 HotMM127 Periodic crawl URL588MM500 Proxy log LMC NLANR
CDNusebypopularsites
Nov.1999 Dec.2000 12%outof~600[KW00] HotMM127:31%(Akamai:98%) URL588MM500:17%(Akamai:85%)
9
NatureofCDNservedContent
DailychangecharacteristicsofCDNservedobjects
Dataset #Objects Prev.seenURL Prev.seenURLw/changes HotMM127 24.9K 89% 2.2% URL588MM500 75.0K 86% 3.2%
NatureofHTTPrequestedCDNcontent
Imagesaccountfor9698%CDNservedobjects,or4060% CDNservedbytes Akamaiserves8598%CDNservedobjects(bytes) CachehitratesofCDNservedimagesaregenerally20 30%higherthannonCDNservedimages
10
PerformanceStudy:Methodology
CDNServer CDN NameServer 1
GetCDNserverIPaddress
1 URLrewriting
3
2
1
WarmupCDNcache 3 Retrievepagesusinghttperf
2
firstgetCDNservername
Client
1
Parallel1.04HTTP/1.0 Pipeline1.11pipelinedHTTP/1.1
OriginServer
GeneralMethodology:FromNclientsitesperiodically Serial1.12persistentHTTP/1.1 downloadpagesfromdifferentCDNsandoriginsites.
11
ContentforPerformanceStudy
Challenge:
DifferentCDNshavedifferentcustomers. Howtocompareapplestoapples?
Solution:CanonicalPages
Createtemplatepagebasedondistributionsofthenumber andsizeofembeddedimagesatpopularsites
Inourstudy,wedownload54imagesandrecorddownload timeforthefirst6,12,18,54images.
ForeachCDN,constructacanonicalpagewithalistof imageURLscurrentlyservedbytheCDNfromasingle originsite,thatcloselymatchthesizesinthetemplatepage.
12
MeasurementInfrastructure
CDNs
Technique CDNs DRF Adero DRP Akamai,Speedera, DigitalIsland UR Clearway URDR Fasttide
Originsites
*AT&TICDSNOTtestedduetoconflictofinterest. US:Amazon,Bloomberg,CNN,ESPN,MTV,NASA, Playboy,Sony,Yahoo International:2Europe,2Asia,1SouthAmerica,1Australia 24NIMIclientsitesin6countries
Clientsites
NIMI:NationalInternetMeasurementInfrastructure Wellconnected:mainlyacademicandlaboratorysites
13
ResponseTimeResults(I) ExcludingDNSLookupTime
CumulativeProbability
CDNsgenerallyprovidemuchshorterdownloadtime.
14
ResponseTimeResults(II) IncludingDNSLookupTime
CumulativeProbability
DNSoverheadisaseriousperformance bottleneckforsomeCDNs.
15
ImpactofProtocolOptionsandthe NumberofImages
MeanDownloadPerformanceRangeforDifferent NumbersofImagesandProtocolOptions(Jan.2001)
Protocol Option Parallel1.0 Serial1.1 Pipeline1.1 Site CDN USOrigin CDN USOrigin CDN USOrigin MeanDownloadTimeRange(sec.)
6images 12images 18images 54images
0.260.76 0.401.23 0.581.53 1.493.31 1.63 1.06 2.45 1.46 3.40 1.96 8.42 4.87 0.270.53 0.420.81 0.611.13 1.462.52 0.260.50 0.370.67 0.470.88 1.092.04 PartialSupport
CDNsperformsignificant...
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