Review MSIS Guide (SCV) Ch. 1 Blog Informal Web site consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order. Blog is short for weblog. CPU Electronic component on a computer's motherboard that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer. Also called a processor. GUI Type of user interface that allows a user to interact with software using text, graphics, and visual images, such as icons. Network Collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media, allowing computers to share resources. Operating system Set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices. Ch. 2 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet. IP Address A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet. Plug-in Program that extends the capability of a browser; often used to enhance multimedia. Podcast Recorded audio, usually an MP3 file, stored on a Web site that can be downloaded to a computer or a portable media player such as an iPod. Server Computer that controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage are for programs, data, and information. Tabbed browsing Web browser feature where the top of the browser displays a tab for each Web page you open. Thumbnail Small version of a larger graphic. MP3 Format that reduces an audio file to about 1/10 of its original size, while preserving much of the original quality of the sound.
Copyright Exclusive rights given to authors and artists to duplicate, publish, and sell their materials. Digital rights management Strategy designed to prevent illegal distribution of music and other digital content. Uploading Process of transferring documents, graphics, and other objects from a computer to a server on the Internet. Downloading Process of a computer receiving information, such as a Web page, from a server on the Internet. Wi-Fi Short for wirelessly fidelity; wireless network that uses radio signals to provide Internet connections to wireless computers and devices. Wiki Collaborative Website that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web Site content via their Internet browser. Ch. 3 Application software Program designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks. System software Programs that control or maintain the operations of a computer and its devices. Utility program Type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenancetype tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. CBT (Computer-based training) Type of education in which students learn by using and completing exercises with instructional software. Also called computer-aided instruction. Spreadsheet software Application software that allows a user to organize data in rows and columns and to perform calculations on the data. Ch. 7 Adware Program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail or other Internet services. Defragmenting Reorganizing a disk so the files are stored in contiguous sectors, this speeding up disk access and the performance of the entire computer. Network administrator Employee who installs, configures, and maintains LANs, WANs, intranets, and Internet systems; identifies and resolves connectivity issues.
Personal firewall Utility that detects and protects a personal computer and its data from unauthorized intrusions. Spam Unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroups posting sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once. Spyware Program placed on a computer without the user's knowledge that secretly collects information about the user. Ch. 8 Bluetooth Network standard, specifically a protocol, that defines how two Bluetooth devices use short-range radio waves to transmit data. Bus Network Type of network topology in which a signle central cable connects all computers and other devices. Cable Modem Digital modem that sends and receives digital data over the cable television network. Client/Server Network Network in which one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers on the network request services from the server. Communications channel Transmission media on which data, instructions, or information travel. DSL Type of digital technology that provides high-speed Internet connections using regular copper telephone lines. Fiber-optic cable Dozens of hundreds of thin strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit signals. Intranet An internal network that uses Internet technologies. Local Area Network (LAN) Network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings. Network card Adapter card, PC Card, ExpressCard module, USB Network adapter, or flash card that enables the computer or device that does not have networking capability to access a network. Also called a Network interface card. Network topology Layout of computers and devices in a communications network. P2P Type of peer-to-peer network on which users access each other's hard disks and exchange files directly over the Internet.
Peer-to-peer network Simple, inexpensive network that typically connects fewer than 10 computers. RFID Short for Radio Frequency identification; standard, specifically a protocol, that defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person. Ring network Type of network topology in which a cable forms a closed loop(ring) with all computers and devices arranged along the ring. Router Communications device that connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network. Server Computer that controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. Star network Type of network topology in which all computers and devices on the network connect to a central device, thus forming a star. TCP/IP Shot for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol; network standard, specifically a protocol, that defines how messages(data) are routed from one end of a network to the other, ensuring the data arrives correctly. Text Messaging Service that allows users to send and receive short text messages on a smart phone or PDA. Transmission media Materials or substances capable of carrying one of more signals in a communications channel. Twisted-pair cable Transmission media that consists of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled together. Wi-Fi Short for wireless fidelity; wireless network that uses radio signals to provide Internet connections to wireless computers and devices. Ch. 9 Data Collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Data Dictionary A DBMS element that contains data about each file in a database and each field in those files. Also called a repository. Data Model Rules and standards that define how a database organizes data.
Data warehouse Huge database that stores and manages the data required to analyze historical and current transactions. Database Collection of data organized in a manner that allows access retrieval, and use of that data. DBA Person who creates and maintains the data dictionary, manages security of a database, monitors the performance of a database, and checks backup and recovery procedures. DBMS Program that allows user to create a computerized database; add, change, and delete data in the database; sort and retrieve data from the database; and create forms and reports from the data in the database. Also called database management software. Field A combination of one or more related characters or bytes, a field is the smallest unit of data a user accesses. Domain Text version of an IP address. Data Validation The process of comparing with data a set of rules or values to find out if the data is correct. Primary Key Field in a database that uniquely identifies each record in a file. Also called key field. Relationship Connection within data in a database. Query Request for specific data from a database. Query by example DBMS feature that has a graphical user interface to assist users with retrieving data. Query language Language used with databases that consists of simple, English-like statements that allows users to specify the data to display, print, or store. Relationship database Database that stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns, with each row having a primary key and each column having a unique name. Log Listing of activities that change the contents of a database. Backup Duplicate or copy of a file, program, or disk placed on a separate storage medium that can be used if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed. SQL Query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data in a relational DBMS.
Ch. 10 Virus Potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works without a user's knowledge or permission. Worm Program that copies itself repeatedly, using up system resources and possibly shutting down the system. Virus signature Known specific pattern of virus code. Also called virus definition. Backdoor Program or set of instructions in a program that allows users to bypass security controls when accessing a program, computer, or network. Spoofing Technique intruders use to make their network or Internet transmission appear legitimate to a victim computer or network. Firewall Hardware and/or software that protects a network's resources from intrusion by users on another network such as the Internet. Personal Firewall Utility that detects and protects a personal computer and its data from unauthorized intrusions. Software piracy Unauthorized and illegal duplication of copyrighted software. Encryption The process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) Popular e-mail encryption program that is free for personal, noncommercial use. Digital signature Encrypted code that a person, Website, or company attaches to an electronic message to verify the identity of the message sender. Certificate authority Authorized person or company that issues and verifies digital certificates. Surge protector Device that uses special electrical components to smooth out minor noise, provide a stable current flow, and keep an over voltage from reaching the computer and other electronic and other electronic. Also called a surge protector. UPS (Uninterruptible power supply) Device that contains surge protection circuits and one of more batteries that can provide power during a temporary or permanent loss of power. Cookie Small text file that a Web server stores on a computer.
Spyware Program placed on a computer without the user's knowledge that secretly collects information about the user. Adware Program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail, or other Internet services. Spam Unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroups posting sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once. Phishing Scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information. HIPPA Health Insurance Probability and Accountability Act Protects individuals against the wrongful disclosure of their health information. CAN-SPAM Act Gives law enforcement the right to impose penalties on people using the Internet to distribute spam. Ergonomics The science of incorporating comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of the workplace. Green computing Computer usage that reduces the electricity and environmental waste involved in using a computer. Ch. 11 4GL(Fourth generation language) Fourth-generation language. Nonprocedural language that enables users and programmers to access data in a database. C# - Object-oriented programming language based on C++ developed primarily by Anders Hejlsberg at Microsoft. HTML Hypertext Markup Language. Special formatting language that programmers use to format documents for display on the Web. Java Object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems Javascript Interpreted language that allows a programmer to add dynamic content and interactive elements to a Web page. Macro Series of statements that instructs an application how to complete a task. Outsource Having a source outside a company develop software for the company. Some companies outsource just the software development aspect of their IT operation, while others outsource more or all of their IT operation
Phases Categories into which system development activites are grouped: (1) planning phase, (2) analysis phase, (3) design phase, (4) implementation phase and (5) support phase. PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. Free, open source scripting language. Planning Phase Step in the system development cycle that begins when a steering committee receives a project request. Analysis phase Step in the system development cycle that consists of two major activities: (1) Conduct a preliminary investigation, and (2) perform detailed analysis. Design phase Implementation phase Phase of the system development cycle during which the new or modified system is constructed, or built, and then delivered to the users. Four major activities performed include: 1. Develop programs, 2. Install and test the new system, 3. Train users, and 4. Convert to the new system.\ Operation Phase Phase of system development cycle that consists of three major activities: 1. Perform maintenance activities, 2. Monitor system performance, and 3. Assess system security. Program development cycle Series of steps programmers use to build computer programs, consisting of six steps: 1. Analyze requirements 2. Design solution 3. Validate design 4. Implement design 5. Test solution 6. Document soution Program development tool Program that provides a VPE or user-friendly environment for building programs. CASE Software tools designed to support one or more activities of the system development cycle, typically including diagrams to support both process and object modeling. Prototype Working model of a proposed system. System development life cycle Set of activities used to build an information system, including planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support. Systems analyst Person responsible for designing and developing an information system. Also called a system developer.
Ajax Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. Method of creating interactive Web applications designed to provide immediate response to user requests. Ch. 12 Enterprise computing The use of computers in networks, such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols, and network architectures. Executive management - Strategic decisions CEO, CFO, CIO, COO, pres, vice pres Middle management Tactical decision personnel manager, director of public relations, purchasing manager. Operational management Office manager, shop floor foreman, supervisor The four management activities Planning, Organizing, leading & controlling Information system Set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that works together to produce information. HRIS Human resources information systems Information system that manages one or more human resources functions. MRP Material Requirements planning Approach to information management in a manufacturing environment that uses software to help monitor and control processes related to production. Marketing Information system Information system that serves as a central repository for the tasks of the marketing functional unit. CIO Chief information officer IT Executive position that reports to the CEO OIS Office Information system Information system that enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other electronic devices, instead of manually. Also called Office automation.