#9: Lecture In the Shadow of War I. Jim Crow A. Republicans resisted segregation efforts of the South on public transportation B. Mississippi had fines up to 1,000 dollars and 3 years in jail for railroads, steamboats, hotels and theaters that denied "full and equal rights." C. Passing laws was one thing, enforcing them another D. Jim Crow: name of a character in a popular minstrel song E. In court, blacks had to swear on a separate Bible F. 1896 passage of Plessy vs. Ferguson doctrine of separate but equal G. As long as things were equal, separation was okay H. Support for black equality had few advocates The Klan A. Founded in summer of 1866 by six confederate veterans in Pulaski, TN. B. Started like a college fraternity to play pranks on one another C. By 1868 other groups had sprung up D. Purpose: to act in self-defense from black rapists and robbers E. Goal for the hoods and sheets was terrorism against ex-slaves and white republicans F. Punished impudence 1. Black man is not polite to a white man 2. Must pull his hat off and bow to a white man 3. speaking disrespectfully 4. refusing to step off the sidewalk 5. raising a good crop 6. dressing well 7. educated blacks drove teacher Alonzo B. Corliss from N. Carolina for "teaching niggers and making them like white men." G. Lynchings: Most of the lynchings were hanging by or shooting or both. H. Many more were very hideous: burning at the stake, maiming, dismemberment, castration and other methods of physical torture. I. Lynching was a combo of racism and sadism used to sustain the caste system in the South J. Most whites believed blacks could only be controlled by fear K. Lynching was seen as the most effective means of control Amount of lynchings A. From 1882-1968 there were 4,743 lynchings in the U.S. B. 3,446 were black: 73 percent of people lynched C. 1297 were white: 27 percent D. Most whites were lynched for helping blacks or being anti-lynching or domestic crimes Great Migration A. 1900: 9 out of 10 blacks still lived in the South B. WWI became an opportunity for blacks to move North C. From 1915, million blacks (10% of population) moved to Northern cities. D. Racism was still present 1. East St. Louis Riot 2. Blacks were recruited to break a strike 3. Mob murdered 39 people and left the black district in flames E. 1918 alone saw 96 lynchings of blacks, some veterans still in uniform F. Chicago 1919 riot Klan of the 1920's A. Nativism against anyone who threatens the family, morality, and traditional American values B. Blacks, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics, Jews, evolutionists C. Attracted up to 4 million members D. Virtually controlled Indiana
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