16 Chapter Quizzes Social Psychology 1. _____________ is behavior that benefits others. A. Agreeableness B. Prosocial behavior C. Persuasion D. None of the above. 2. The _______________ component of attitude reflects thoughts and beliefs about attitudinal objects. A. behavioral B. emotional C. cognitive D. All of the above. 3. As the number of bystanders at an emergency increases, the bystander effect dictates that the probability that the victim will receive help A. decreases. B. increases. C. Both of the above. D. Neither of the above. 4. ____________ is any positive or negative effect on performance that can be attributed to the presence of others. A. Social facilitation B. Co-action effects C. The halo effect D. None of the above. 5. _____________ is behavior (usually negative) directed toward others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group. A. Prejudice B. Discrimination C. Attitude formation
D. All of the above. 6. ________ is the intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on others. A. Aggression B. Violence C. Hatred D. Conformity 7. Children as young as ____________ show a preference for looking at attractive faces. A. 3 months B. 6 months C. 9 months D. 12 months 8. Attributing a behavior to some internal cause, such as personal trait, motive, or attitude, is called a(n) A. biased attribution. B. situational attribution. C. dispositional attribution. D. external attribution. 9. ______________ is an unpleasant state that occurs when people become aware of inconsistencies either between several of their attitudes, or between their attitudes and their behavior. A. Cognitive dissonance B. Psychic disagreement C. Cognitive inconsistency D. Cognitive dissociation 10. _______________ is a strategy in which someone makes a large, unreasonable request with the expectation that the other person will refuse but then be more likely to respond favorably to a smaller request later. A. The foot-in-the-door technique B. The door-in-the-face technique
C. The low-ball technique D. Conformity 11. Research on conformity and the Big Five personality dimensions reveals that people who are low in _____________ are more likely to conform. A. neuroticism B. conscientiousness C. agreeableness D. All of the above. 12. ___________ refers to physical or geographic closeness. A. Direction B. Proximity C. Location D. None of the above. 13. The ____________ is the tendency for an overall impression of another to be influenced more by the first information that is received about that person than by information that comes later. A. primacy effect B. recency effect C. primary effect D. recurrence effect 14. _______________ is the tendency of group members to put forth less effort when working with others. A. Social loafing B. Social facilitation C. Group polarization D. Groupthink 15. Altruism involves A. behavior that is aimed at helping someone. B. no concern for personal gain.
C. some form of self-sacrifice. D. All of the above. 16. _____________ is the subfield that attempts to explain how the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others influences the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals. A. Developmental psychology B. Cultural psychology C. Group dynamics D. Social psychology 17. The halo effect is the tendency to assume that a person has _____________ traits after observing one major trait of that nature. A. generally positive B. generally negative C. Both of the above. D. Neither of the above. 18. Which behavior BEST supports the frustration-aggression hypothesis? A. Samara shoplifts candy from the local market. B. Louis honks on his horn and shouts obscenities while in a traffic jam. C. Young Avery helps her mother clean the house. D. Marguerite runs away from an attacker. 19. The actor-observer effect is the tendency to attribute one's own behavior primarily to _____________ factors and the behavior of others primarily to _____________ factors. A. dispositional; situational B. psychological; behavioral C. situational; dispositional D. internal; external 20. The term ____________ refers to attitudes held toward others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group. A. Discrimination B. Social attitudes
C. Conformity rules D. Prejudice 21. Aggression affects the brain's frontal lobes that may lead to ______ behavior. A. affectionate B. irrational C. aggressive behavior D. murder 22. Changing or adopting an attitude or behavior in order to be consistent with the social norms of a group or the expectations of others is called A. bias. B. adaptation. C. regression. D. conformity. 23. An individual's _____________ is a relatively stable evaluation of a person, object, situation, or issue along a continuum ranging from positive to negative. A. insight B. psyche C. preference D. attitude 24. The ____________ is a social group made up of individuals specifically identified by the in-group as not belonging. A. sub-group B. internal-group C. out-group D. external-group 25. Passive spectators' impacts on performance are known as A. participatory effects. B. co-action effects. C. audience effects.
D. halo effects. 1. Social facilitation is any __________ effect on performance that can be attributed to the presence of others. A. negative B. positive C. Both of the above. D. Neither of the above. 2. Aggression is the __________ infliction of physical or psychological harm on others. A. intentional B. accidental C. Both of the above. D. Neither of the above. 3. The _______________ is the tendency to attribute one's own behavior primarily to situational factors, while attributing the behavior of others primarily to dispositional factors. A. dispositional attribution B. actor-observer effect C. self-serving bias D. situational attribution 4. _______________ are seen as more attractive and sexually appealing. A. Non-symmetrical faces B. Symmetrical faces C. Round faces D. Square faces 5. Are prosocial behaviors altruistic behaviors? A. Yes, in all situations. B. No, not in any situation. C. Sometimes there is a relationship between prosocial behaviors and altruism. D. There is no relationship between prosocial behaviors and altruism.
6.
Cognitive dissonance is an unpleasant state that occurs when people become aware of inconsistencies between A. two held attitudes. B. their attitudes and their behavior. C. Both of the above. D. Neither of the above.
7.
Research on conformity and the Big Five personality dimensions reveals that people who are high in _____________ are more likely to conform. A. agreeableness B. conscientiousness C. Both of the above. D. Neither of the above.
8.
The assignment of a cause to explain one's own behavior or that of another behavior is called A. attribution. B. assessment. C. assignment. D. bias.
9.
The ______________ is the tendency to feel more positively toward a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure to it. A. proximity effect B. directional-attribution effect C. mere-exposure effect D. actor-observer effect
10.
With _______________, one makes a very attractive initial offer to get a person to commit to an action and then makes the terms less favorable. A. the foot-in-the-door technique B. the low-ball technique C. the door-in-the-face technique D. conformity
11.
A(n) _____________ is a person who poses as a participant in an experiment, but is actually assisting the experimenter. A. implant B. imposter C. confederate D. None of the above.
12.
______ are behaviors that are considered appropriate for individuals within a given group. A. Social loafing B. Group roles C. Social roles D. Group loafing
13.
According to the _____________, people tend to have lovers or spouses who are similar to them in physical attractiveness and other aspects. A. similarity hypothesis B. halo effect C. matching hypothesis D. All of the above.
14.
Prejudice refers to ___________ attitudes toward other people based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group. A. negative B. positive C. either of the above D. Neither of the above.
15.
The self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute one's successes to _____________ causes and one's failures to _____________ causes. A. dispositional; situational B. behavioral; psychological C. psychological; behavioral D. situational; dispositional
16.
_____________ is displacing aggression onto members of minority groups or other targets
that are not responsible for the frustrating situation. A. Personal space B. Crowding C. Scapegoating D. The frustration-aggression hypothesis 17. A biological factor related to aggression is ______. A. low arousal level of the autonomic nervous system B. high level of androgens C. genetic transmission D. frontal lobe damage 18. Who is most closely associated with the study of conformity? A. Asch B. Bandura C. Maslow D. Miller 19. _______________ is the view that as competition increases among social groups for scarce resources, so, too, do prejudice, discrimination, and hatred. A. Discrete conflict theory B. Natural conflict theory C. Realistic conflict theory D. None of the above. 20. The mental processes that people use to notice, interpret, and remember information about the social world are called A. social psychism. B. social generationalism. C. social cognition. D. social awareness. 21. Which of the following is true regarding attitudes?
A. Attitudes are relatively stable. B. Attitudes can range from positive to negative. C. Both of the above. D. Neither of the above. 22. ______________ are the impact on performance caused by the presence of other people engaged in the same task. A. Participatory effects B. Audience effects C. Co-action effects D. Halo effects 23. Helping, cooperation, and sympathy are forms of A. prosocial behavior. B. persuasion. C. personal gain. D. attitude formation. 24. ______________ is the feeling among bystanders at an emergency that the responsibility for helping is shared by the group, making each person feel less compelled to act than if he or she alone bore the total responsibility. A. Diffusion of responsibility B. Diffusion of apathy C. Diffusion of altruism D. Diffusion of prosocial behavior 25. Which of the following components of attitude reflects feelings toward attitudinal objects? A. behavioral component B. cognitive component C. emotional component D. All of the above.
Question 1 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points In social psychology, internal causes of behavior, for example, an attitude, personal trait, or motive is called a(n)
Selected Answer: Correct Answer:
cardinal trait. disposition.
Question 2 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points Cal is a 12 year-old who plays baseball. Last night he struck out during his final at bat. He attributed his striking out to the opposing pitcher's excellent curve ball. When Robert, the batter who followed him, also struck out, Cal thought to himself that Robert was really a horrible batter. Cal appears to be committing what social psychologists call the Selected Answer: Correct Answer: fundamental attribution error. actor-observer effect.
Question 3 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points The tendency to attribute personal success to dispositional causes and failures to situational causes is called Selected Answer: Correct Answer: the actor-observer effect. self-serving bias. 4 of 4 points
Question 4 Multiple Choice A significant factor that influences our choice of friends is their Selected Answer: Correct Answer: proximity to us. proximity to us.
Question 5 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points When people have one trait that we either admire or dislike very much, often we assume that they also have other positive or negative traits--a phenomenon known as the Selected Answer: Correct Answer: trait relational balance theory. halo effect.
Question 6 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points Based on research on attraction, which of the following sayings is most likely true in describing the kinds of people to whom we are most attracted? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: "Opposites attract." "Birds of a feather flock together."
Question 7 Multiple Choice 4 of 4 points Solomon Asch's classic conformity study showed that only about __________ percent of his subjects remained independent and did not conform to the opinion of the larger group. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: 25 25
Question 8 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points When any group places a priority on preserving group solidarity they are at risk for
Selected Answer: Correct Answer:
group polarization. groupthink.
Question 9 Multiple Choice 4 of 4 points In Stanley Milgram's classic study of obedience, a variation of his original research revealed Selected Answer: Correct Answer: the presence of another person in the experimental room altered the decision to shock. the presence of another person in the experimental room altered the decision to shock.
Question 10 Multiple Choice 4 of 4 points The compliance strategy in which a small request is followed by a larger, more unreasonable request, is the basis for Selected Answer: Correct Answer: the foot-in-the-door technique. the foot-in-the-door technique.
Question 11 Multiple Choice 4 of 4 points A strategy to gain compliance by making a very attractive initial offer to get a person to agree to undertake an action and then making the terms less favorable is called Selected Answer: Correct Answer: low-balling. low-balling.
Question 12 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points Suppose that you go out for a jog or short run tomorrow morning. You notice that each time you run by another person or group of people that you speed up your pace a bit. Social psychologists would say that your running behavior under these circumstances is influenced by a process called Selected Answer: Correct Answer: attribution. social facilitation.
Question 13 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points Research on social loafing would predict that the most social loafing would occur in which of the following countries? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Taiwan United States 0 of 4 points
Question 14 Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a component of an attitude? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Emotional Perceptual
Question 15 Multiple Choice Attitudes are developed through ______.
0 of 4 points
Selected Answer: Correct Answer:
firsthand experiences All of the above
Question 16 Multiple Choice 4 of 4 points If a smoker holds the opinion that smoking is really not all that much of a threat to health, despite evidence to the contrary, he or she may be invoking the psychological mechanism called __________ in an attempt to reduce the unpleasant psychological state caused by the inconsistency between smoking and health. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: cognitive dissonance cognitive dissonance
Question 17 Multiple Choice 4 of 4 points __________ theory holds that as competition increases so do prejudice and discrimination among the groups that are competing. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Realistic conflict Realistic conflict 0 of 4 points
Question 18 Multiple Choice Prejudice is to __________ as discrimination is to _________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: behavior; attitude attitude; behavior
Question 19 Multiple Choice 4 of 4 points In Sherif and Sherif's research on in-groups and out-groups (Robber's Cave) summer camp study, the study ended with both groups of boys __________ in response to the experimenters' manipulation of several crises that required all the boys in the camp to work together. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: behaving more cooperatively toward each other behaving more cooperatively toward each other
Question 20 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points If you find yourself in a serious emergency, under which conditions are you MOST likely to have another person voluntarily come to your aid? When the number of people around you is Selected Answer: Correct Answer: 8. 1.
Question 21 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points Behavior that is aimed at helping others and involves some self-sacrifice without the promise of personal gain is called Selected Answer: Correct Answer: social responsibility. altruism.
Question 22 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points In their research, Cooper and Bush found that _________ was highly correlated with aggression.
Selected Answer: Correct Answer:
poor academic achievement alcohol 4 of 4 points
Question 23 Multiple Choice If ______ is reduced and ______ is increased aggression may occur. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: personal space; crowding personal space; crowding
Question 24 Multiple Choice A woman is more likely to be raped by a ______ than a ______. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: former boyfriend; spouse former spouse; stranger
0 of 4 points
Question 25 Multiple Choice 0 of 4 points Which one of the following mental disorders has a strong link between low levels of arousal and aggressive behavior? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Bipolar disorder Antisocial personality disorder
Question 1
4 out of 4 points If a smoker holds the opinion that smoking is really not all that much of a threat to health, despite evidence to the contrary, he or she may be invoking the psychological mechanism called __________ in an attempt to reduce the unpleasant psychological state caused by the inconsistency between smoking and health. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: cognitive dissonance cognitive dissonance 0 out of 4 points Prejudice is to __________ as discrimination is to _________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: behavior; attitude attitude; behavior
Question 2
Question 3
0 out of 4 points Cal is a 12 year-old who plays baseball. Last night he struck out during his final at bat. He attributed his striking out to the opposing pitcher's excellent curve ball. When Robert, the batter who followed him, also struck out, Cal thought to himself that Robert was really a horrible batter. Cal appears to be committing what social psychologists call the Selected Answer: fundamental attribution error.
Correct Answer: Question 4
actor-observer effect.
0 out of 4 points The tendency to attribute personal success to dispositional causes and failures to situational causes is called Selected Answer: Correct Answer: the actor-observer effect. self-serving bias.
Question 5
4 out of 4 points In Stanley Milgram's classic study of obedience, a variation of his original research revealed Selected Answer: Correct Answer: the presence of another person in the experimental room altered the decision to shock. the presence of another person in the experimental room altered the decision to shock. 4 out of 4 points If ______ is reduced and ______ is increased aggression may occur. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: personal space; crowding personal space; crowding 0 out of 4 points A woman is more likely to be raped by a ______ than a ______. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: former boyfriend; spouse former spouse; stranger
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
4 out of 4 points Solomon Asch's classic conformity study showed that only about __________ percent of his subjects remained independent and did not conform to the opinion of the larger group. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: 25 25
Question 9
0 out of 4 points When people have one trait that we either admire or dislike very much, we often assume that they also have other positive or negative traits--a phenomenon known as the Selected Answer: Correct Answer: trait relational balance theory. halo effect.
Question 10
0 out of 4 points In social psychology, internal causes of behavior, for example, an attitude, personal trait, or motive is called a(n) Selected Answer: Correct Answer: cardinal trait. disposition.
Question 11
0 out of 4 points If you find yourself in a serious emergency, under which conditions are you MOST likely to have another person voluntarily come to your aid? When the number of people around you is Selected Answer: Correct Answer: 8. 1. 0 out of 4 points Which of the following is NOT a component of an attitude? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Emotional Perceptual
Question 12
Question 13
0 out of 4 points Suppose that you go out for a jog or short run tomorrow morning. You notice that each time you run by another person or group of people that you speed up your pace a bit. Social psychologists would say that your running behavior under these circumstances is influenced by a process called Selected Answer: Correct Answer: attribution. social facilitation.
Question 14
0 out of 4 points Which one of the following mental disorders has a strong link between low levels of arousal and aggressive behavior? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Bipolar disorder Antisocial personality disorder 4 out of 4 points A significant factor that influences our choice of friends is their Selected Answer: Correct Answer: proximity to us. proximity to us.
Question 15
Question 16
4 out of 4 points The compliance strategy in which a small request is followed by a larger, more unreasonable request, is the basis for Selected Answer: Correct Answer: the foot-in-the-door technique. the foot-in-the-door technique.
Question 17
4 out of 4 points A strategy to gain compliance by making a very attractive initial offer to get a person to agree to undertake an action and then making the terms less favorable is called Selected Answer: Correct Answer: low-balling. low-balling. 0 out of 4 points
Question 18
In their research, Cooper and Bush found that _________ was highly correlated with aggression. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 19 poor academic achievement alcohol
0 out of 4 points Based on research on attraction, which of the following sayings is most likely true in describing the kinds of people to whom we are most attracted? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: "Opposites attract." "Birds of a feather flock together."
Question 20
0 out of 4 points Research on social loafing would predict that the most social loafing would occur in which of the following countries? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Taiwan United States 0 out of 4 points Attitudes are developed through ______. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: firsthand experiences All of the above
Question 21
Question 22
0 out of 4 points When any group places a priority on preserving group solidarity they are at risk for Selected Answer: Correct Answer: group polarization. groupthink.
Question 23
4 out of 4 points In Sherif and Sherif's research on in-groups and out-groups (Robber's Cave) summer camp study, the study ended with both groups of boys __________ in response to the experimenters' manipulation of several crises that required all the boys in the camp to work together. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: behaving more cooperatively toward each other behaving more cooperatively toward each other
Question 24
4 out of 4 points __________ theory holds that as competition increases so do prejudice and discrimination among the groups that are competing. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Realistic conflict Realistic conflict
Question 25
0 out of 4 points Behavior that is aimed at helping others and involves some self-sacrifice without the promise of personal gain is called Selected Answer: Correct Answer: social responsibility. altruism.