medications Using or surgeries to treat psychological disorders is the focus of _______. biological therapies When an individual's attitudes do not match up with his/her behaviors, _______ is likely to occur. cognitive dissonance _______ rests on the idea that if undesirable or maladaptive behaviors are to be changed, the thoughts that precede the behaviors need to change first. Cognitive therapy A(n) _______ is an unwanted, intrusive, and often unpleasant thought that causes an increase in anxiety. obsession In Stanley Milgram's classic study on obedience, the teacher was the _______ whereas the learner was the _______. naive subject; confederate Which of the following is the reason that the first impression of an individual usually sticks? the primacy effect Which of the following behavioral techniques was built upon Bandura's observational learning theory? participant modeling Changing one's behavior or thinking in order to go with the group or to fit another's expectation is referred to as _______. conformity Mattie is convinced that her neighbors are trying to poison her by sending a deadly gas through her vents. Mattie is displaying delusions of persecution. _______ refers to the relatively stable view we hold of people, objects, or issues learned by direct experience or vicariously via others and/or the media. Attitude The typically negative attitudes an individual has toward others based on membership to a particular group is referred to as _______. prejudice Galen decided to join the peace corps after college and turned down three very financially lucrative job offers in the process. He believed that joining the peace corps could assist more people than his job offers in the field of advertising. Which of the following BEST describes Galen's situation? altruism
Sometimes under tremendous stress, a person disconnects from his/her consciousness and becomes parts versus one whole. This category of disorders is referred to as the _______. dissociative disorders _______ aims at helping individuals stop negative and automatic thoughts and works to replace those thoughts with more objective ones. Beck's cognitive therapy All of the following are known sources of prejudice and discrimination EXCEPT the tendency to oversimplify how one thinks about and processes social information. Behavior that benefits others is often referred to as _______. prosocial behavior An irresistible urge to perform a behavior or action that serves to reduce anxiety is referred to as a(n) _______. compulsion All of the following would be considered psychotherapy EXCEPT aversion therapy. _______ is characterized by chronic and excessive worry for at least six months. Physical symptoms such as sweating and diarrhea are also common. Generalized anxiety disorder The removal of reinforcers for a period of time as a means to eliminate undesirable behaviors is called the time out. Which of the following is a naturally occurring salt that works to bring an individual out of a manic state? lithium What can explain the bystander effect phenomenon? the diffusion of responsibility Katie has an anxiety disorder and recently sought treatment for it. The therapist explained that the anxiety stemmed from when her parents divorced when she was a young child. Her anxiety increased when her dad abandoned Katie and her mom to start another family with his new wife. From which psychological perspective is this explanation? the psychodynamic perspective Which of the following factors are involved in attraction to another individual? similar socioeconomic status, similar age, proximity, similar views = all of the above Which of the following is NOT a behavioral technique based on classical conditioning?
exposure and response prevention systematic desensitization aversion therapy flooding token economy _______ is marked by bizarre behaviors, hallucinations, delusions, incoherent speech, and inappropriate affect. Paranoid schizophrenia Horace has a mood disorder and has recently sought treatment for it. The therapist explained that his mood disorder stems from not having enough of certain neurotransmitters. From which psychological perspective is this explanation? the biological perspective Who has the highest probability of committing suicide? Leonard, an eighty-seven year old white male Which of the following is NOT an element in persuasion? the medium the source of the communication the audience the message the emotion Lila recovered from an episode of depression about four months ago. Now, however, she is beginning to feel incredibly energetic, elated, and hyperactive. Her friends are starting to get worried because she has been talking repeatedly about taking her life savings and investing it into a bread and bagel company. Lila may likely meet the criteria for _______. an anxiety disorder schizophrenia panic disorder bipolar disorder attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder In some psychological experiments, confederates and naive subjects are used in the research. Confederates refer to _______; naive subjects refer to _______. individuals posing as subjects but are not subjects at all; the true subjects
Behavioral therapy rests on the notion that abnormal behavior is learned and can therefore be with unlearned the appropriate behavioral techniques. results when an individual's natural tendency toward growth is stunted; thus, treatment is aimed at removing that obstacle. is a result of childhood traumas that have never been dealt with; therefore, exploring one's childhood is the first step in recovery. Dr. Hench is a professor at a large college. She cannot help but notice how much diversity exists within her classes, especially her social psychology class. She knows that if addressed, students can really learn a lot from each others' points of view. She also knows that an insensitive comment here or there from any student can cause great division within the group of students. She decides to get the students working together toward a common goal. She gives the class an assignment and then gives the students various pieces of information. The intent is to have students talk with each other to find out which piece of information each has, eventually putting together all the pieces that they need to complete the assignment. Dr. Hench is utilizing _______ to help combat, unlearn, and/or prevent prejudice. the halo effect the matching hypothesis the mixer technique the jigsaw technique the social neoassociationistic theory _______ refers to the idea that working toward psychological health requires selfunderstanding. Transference Systematic desensitization Psychotherapy Insight therapy Rational-emotive therapy All of the following are examples of relationship therapies EXCEPT family therapy. couples therapy. interpersonal therapy. group therapy. gestalt therapy. _______ developed person-centered therapy which is based on the _______ school of thought.
Carl Rogers; humanistic Pairing an unpleasant stimulus with an undesirable behavior in an effort to reduce or eliminate that undesirable behavior is called _______. aversion therapy flooding exposure and response prevention negative reinforcement. systematic desensitization An intense fear of being humiliated or criticized by others in social situations is the basic idea behind _______. social phobia _______ is characterized by an overwhelming fear of being in a situation where escape is not possible or a fear that no one would be able to provide assistance if something terribly anxietyprovoking occurred. Agoraphobia All of the following are true of major depressive disorder EXCEPT major depressive disorder is the top cause of disability worldwide. Asian countries, such as Taiwan and Korea, seem to have the highest rates of major depressive disorder worldwide. adult women have a higher rate of major depressive disorder than adult men. some studies show that medication and therapy can be equally effective in treating the disorder. under 50% of those hospitalized with major depressive disorder are fully recovered after one year. Annie is unable to tell the difference between what is real versus what is not real. Annie's loss of contact with reality is referred to as _______. psychosis grandiosity euphoria derailment Audrey has been offered a free, four day cruise for two just for filling out an online survey. As she and her husband board the cruise liner and leave the shore, all those on board are told that the cruise was really a way to get an audience of people together to hear about a new, fundamentalist religion. Audrey was on the receiving end of
the low-ball technique. Which of the following is true regarding the diagnostic process of psychological disorders? Those from a learning or cognitive perspective use a reference guide other than the DSM-IV/DSM-IV-TR when diagnosing psychological disorders. Psychologists use the DSM-IV or DSM-IV-TR whereas psychiatrists use the Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) when diagnosing psychological disorders. Most psychologists and psychiatrists have a basic understanding of what the symptoms of various disorders are but do not use a standardized format when diagnosing. Psychiatrists use the DSM-IV or DSM-IV-TR whereas psychologists use the Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) when diagnosing psychological disorders. Regardless of psychological perspective, all psychologists, psychiatrists, researchers, and clinicians in the U.S. use the same criteria as listed in the DSM-IV or DSM-IV-TR. _______ works to change maladaptive behaviors by looking for, challenging, and then changing the irrational beliefs that underlie those maladaptive behaviors. Rational-emotive therapy Research shows that all of the following factors play a role in aggression EXCEPT poor self-esteem. Which of the following is true of the prevalence rates of psychological disorders in the United States? Men experience substance abuse or dependence at a slightly higher rate than women. All of the following fall into the category of anxiety disorders EXCEPT hypochondriasis. Which of the following is a technique used in psychodynamic therapy? free association _______ refers to following directives from a person in position of authority. Obedience Joan is taking medication for major depressive disorder. She has noticed that since she has been on the medication, she cannot perform sexually. She has also gained some weight, but it is the sexual dysfunction that is really bothering her. Joan is likely taking an SSRI.