2000 BASELINE BACKGROUND REPORT
THE STATUS OF INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT AS AN INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE
SECOND ITERATION 26 AUGUST 2002
BROWN AREA INDICATES THE EXTREME LANDWARD BOUNDARIES OF THE WORLDS COASTAL ZONE
BASELINE 2000 BACKGROUND REPORT: The STATUS of INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT as an INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE Second Iteration. 26 August 2002
Jens Sorensen
Harbor and Coastal Center, Urban Harbors Institute University of Massachusetts, Boston Boston, Massachusetts 02125 U.S.A. [e-mail] or 1 617 287-5570 Preface on the composition, assembly, and production process
The Baseline 2000 Background Report (B2KBR) has only been produced as a pdf file in order to facilitate wide and non-costly distribution, as well enable periodic revisions, and additions. It is being produced during 2002 in three phases, or iterations. The First Iteration was posted on April 2nd. This Second Iteration is now being posted at the end of August and the Third, and final, Iteration, should be posted by the end of September. Each iteration consists of a number of largely self-contained Sections and their relevant Annexes. The Introduction describes how they all are interconnected in numerous ways. However, each Section (and databases where relevant and complete but not yet finished as envisioned) can also be a stand-alone presentation. This Second Iteration includes approximately 75% to 80% of the total number of pages that will comprise the Third Iteration for 2002. Readers of the C Annexes on the Global Index of ICM efforts will probably notice that there are many information boxes with different colors in Annex C-1: National and subnational ICM efforts. The color-coding was done to facilitate the review and comment process. The colors correspond to institutions that usually have been involved in ICM over the course of many years at the national/sub-national and/or international levels. Some of them such as the Priority Action Programme for the Mediterranean Action Plan focus on an international region others such as the GEF, UNDP, the World Bank, and the University of Rhode Islands Coastal Resources Center are doing work all over the globe. It is planned that the Third Iteration will include feedback from these institutions that as well as all the ICM efforts listed that have an e-mail address or a website. New text, as well as new figures have been added to First Iteration Sections.
The Report and the Baseline 2000 Discussion Paper were prepared with support from: Coastal Zone Canada Association, United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Environment Canada, the Province of New Brunswick, and the Urban Harbors Institute at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. Section 9, Evaluating ICM efforts, will be drawn from the work contracted by the World Bank, Environment Department.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface and Acknowledgement (Third Iteration) 1. Introduction: Why Baseline 2000 was developed (First Iteration)
1.1. 1.2. A brief history of ICM Organizing frameworks for information exchange and learning from experience
2. Factors influencing and shaping ICM (First Iteration)
2.1. 2.2. Environmental and socioeconomic factors Basic elements involved in managing coastal users, uses, resources, and environments
3. International database of ICM efforts (First Iteration)
3.1. 3.2. Findings derived from Table 3.1 and Annex C Future directions
4. Motivating issues (Third Iteration)
4.1. 4.2. Types of motivating issues Frameworks for international information exchange
5. Model planning approaches and model techniques for planning and/or management (Third Iteration) 6. A comparison of ICM governance arrangements (Second Iteration) 7. Guidance literature on ICM (Second Iteration) 8. Common challenges to ICM (Second Iteration)
8.1. 8.2. 8.3. Challenges to all nations and sub-national units of government Additional challenges that commonly occur in developing nations ICM is not appropriate for many nations or sub-national units
9. Evaluating ICM efforts (Third Iteration) 10. Index of ICM topics (Third Iteration)
10.1. Sources and concepts
11. Concluding points (Third Iteration)
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Annexes
Annex A: Coastal areas, tiers, zone and boundaries (Second Iteration) Annex B: Global coastline length and coastal zone (Third Iteration) Annex C: The Four Tables on ICM efforts (First Iteration)
Table C-1: Table C-2: Table C-3: Table C-4: Database of ICM efforts at the national and sub-national levels (except Canada and the U.S.A.) Database of national and sub-national ICM efforts in Canada Database of national and sub-national efforts in the U.S.A. Database of International ICM efforts
Annex D: Impact diagrams (Third Iteration) Annex E: An example of using coastal geographic types to organize an international information exchange network: Modified Mega Deltas (Third Iteration) Annex F: Content analysis of guidance literature on ICM as an international practice (Second Iteration) Annex G: Case study of coastal access in California: The development of performance indicators and standards
(Third Iteration)
Annex H: Proposed ICM topic index (Third Iteration)
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Figures and Tables
Table 1.1: Figure 1.1: Figure 2.1: Table 2.1: Table 3.1: Table 3.2: Table 3.3: Figure 3.1: Figure 3.2: Figure 3.3: Figure 4.1: Figure 4.2: Figure 6.1: Figure 9.1:
Some Significant Events in the History of ICM Baseline 2000s Organizing Frameworks Elements Involved in Managing Coastal Resources and Environments Fourteen Coastal Systems that Influence ICM Efforts ICM Efforts and Composition Lakes of International Significance, Land Locked Seas, Riparian Nations, and ICM Efforts Regional Distribution of ICM Efforts International Efforts for Coastal Seas, Eastern Hemisphere International Efforts for Coastal Seas, Western Hemisphere ICM Efforts in Europe Impact Chains and Networks (Third Iteration) Ten Major Global Coastal and/or Marine Issues over the Next Ten Years (Third Iteration) Types of Integrated Coastal Management Based on Geographic Coverage, Regulation, and Planning Range of Performance Indicators (Third Iteration)
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1. Introduction
The Coastal Zone Canada 2000 Conference occurred in Saint John, New Brunswick from September 17 to 22. All of the 600 registrants received a canvas packet that included four separately bound publications: the final conference program, the tradeshow program, Canadian Synopsis (a table of ICM efforts in Canada), and Baseline 2000. The Coastal Zone Canada Association organized and administered the Conference as they had done for three previous Canadian based international CZ conferences (Victoria, British Columbia in 1998, Rimouski, Qubec in 1996, and Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1994). Two of the fundamental objectives of the Coastal Zone Canada Association (CZCA) and its Coastal Zone Canada (CZC) Conference Series, are that its meetings must build both on previous events and on multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary, international gatherings that discuss and debate key challenges to integrated coastal management (ICM). The goal is to derive new guidance, tools and motivations to advance its practice. While the CZCAs first three international conferences have, to a degree, achieved these two objectives and generated products of some value (i.e. CZC 94 Call for Action; CZC 96 Rimouski Declarations; CZC '98 Tool Kit), progress has been constrained by the absence of a baseline that is clear, coherent, well researched, and based on consensus. The CZCA decided that a baseline paper should be prepared for CZC 2000 to provide an assessment of the existing state of the art in the practice of ICM on an international basis. State-of the-art in this context means both "the current stage of development of a practice" as well as "newest or best practices". If this information could be obtained by the project, then a baseline could be established in the year 2000 to enable periodic assessment (such as at biennial conferences) of a number of indicators to determine ICMs growth, development, success in overcoming challenges, and achievements. Furthermore, the information obtained from Baseline 2000 and the information obtained from the periodic assessments of changes in the ICMs baseline should improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the practice by providing the abilities to learn from experience, particularly what works, what doesnt work, and why. Most of Baseline 2000 (or B2K) is directed at the current stage (or status) of development of ICM as an international practice. Newest or best practices can be derived from three of the organizing frameworks proposed by B2K: 1) issues and model approaches and techniques (Section 4), common challenges to ICM (Section 7), and the index of ICM topics (Section 10).
1.1. Brief history of ICM.
The practice of integrated coastal management extends back at least to 1965. Table 1.1. lists some of the notable occurrences in the evolution of ICM over the past 35 years. In the first decade, the practice was confined to the United States, Australia and UNEP's Regional Seas Programme. There was limited expansion of national and sub-national ICM efforts1 in both developed and developing nations. The mid-eighties marked the start of ICM's escalation into a common global practice. The ICM literature, particularly conference proceedings, shows enthusiasm and optimism among those practitioners in the late 60s and early 70s who chose to
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the follow that rising star. Table 1.1: Some Significant Events in the History of ICM
1965 1968 1972 1973 1974 1977 The first ICM program is established (The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission). Stratton Commission Report, "Our Nation and the Sea". A recommendation was made for the creation of a national coastal zone management program. Publication of the first academic journal devoted to ICM, the Coastal Zone Management Journal). The name is later changed to the Coastal Management Journal. Passage of the U.S. Coastal Zone Management Act (USCZMA). Until 1982. Preparation by the United Nations of Law of the Sea Treaty. Creation of UNEP and its Regional Seas Programme. Creation of the U.S. National Estuaries Program within the U.S. EPA. Costa Rica becomes the first developing nation to initiate an ICM program. Washington State's CZM Program was the first program approved under the provisions of USCZMA. 1978 1982 First US Coastal Zone Conference (CZ '78). It was held in San Francisco. Eleven subsequent conferences have been held. Law of the Seas Convention adopted by the United Nations. The process of adoption by the worlds nations begins. USAID becomes the first international assistance institution to create an ICM program to assist developing nations. Ecuador, Sri Lanka, and Thailand were chosen for preparation pilot ICZM projects. First conference on ICM in South and Central America was convened in Mar del Plata, Argentina. First periodical newsletter, Coastal Area Protection and Management, (CAMP Network) devoted to ICM on an international basis. The name was later changed to InterCoast Network. The Journal of Ocean and Shoreline Management is established. The name was later changed to the Ocean and Coastal Management Journal. The first Environmental Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas (EMECS) conference was held in Kobe, Japan. Four subsequent conferences have been held. UN Conference on Environment and Development (UCED) was held in Rio de Janeiro. The Conference produced Agenda 21. Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 mainly focuses on ICM. World Coast Conference in Noordwijk, Netherlands. Delegates from 90 coastal nations, 20 international organizations, and 23 NGOs. National papers on the status of planning and managing coastal resources and hazards were presented. The "Noordwijk Guidelines on Integrated Coastal Zone Management was the main product of the Conference First MEDCOAST Conference was held in Antalya, Turkey. Five subsequent conferences have been held. The first global listing of ICM efforts published (180 efforts in 57 coastal nations & semisovereign states). 1994 First CZ Canada Conference held in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Three subsequent conferences have been held. Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States was held in Barbados. The conference was recommended in Chapter 17 of Agenda 21.
1983 1984 1986 1989 1990 1992
1993
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1995 1996 1997
International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) UNESCO, IUCN, World Bank, IDB. The first international conference focused on assessing the successes and failures of ICM efforts was held in Xiamen, China. Canada enacts the National Oceans Act. European Commission (Directorate XI) initiates a major program on ICM. The first website and list server network (NetCoast) devoted to international ICM is put on line
1998 1999
International Year of the Ocean. International Year of the Reef
Now ICM is practiced all over the globe and is part of the rhetoric for sustainable development. In the last decade presentations and dialogues at ICM conferences (now held all around the world) -- as well as some of the published literature -- indicates that most of those who have been following the ICM star for three decades, have either guarded optimism or pessimism about what ICM can accomplish, particularly in developing nations. In all nations long time practitioners have learned from experience that ICM is a very long and tiring swim against a continuous current of political and socioeconomic interests with short-term visions strongly tending to protect the status quo. In recent years ICM has become the umbrella term for the various names for the practice, including: coastal zone management, 'integrated coastal zone management (and/or planning), coastal area management (and/or planning), and integrated coastal resources management(and/or planning). ICM should not include the terms, coastal management, or coastal resources managements.2 These two terms do not imply any form of integration nor is the practice applied to a specific area or zone. In other words, the two terms are too general. This point is confirmed by searching web sites. The search terms, coastal management or coastal resources management, produces far more hits that are not ICM efforts than using the four terms included under the umbrella of ICM. ICM can include the planning and management of just the ocean-side or just the landward side of the coastal zone (or even just the inter-tidal area). Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) requires that the planning and management area must include a zone comprised of: 1) coastal and estuarine waters, 2) the adjoining and complete inter-tidal area, 3) and the supratidal coastal lands. The coastal lands should extend inland to at least the maximum highest tide and include directly connected coastal environments such as wetlands and dune systems. Section 5 and Annex A outline the different types of coastal boundaries, tiers and their associated areas. In particular, Section 5 and Annex A are intended to clarify the difference between ICM and coastal zone management (CZM) also known integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). A short definition of integrated coastal management is a: multidisciplinary process that unites levels of government and the community, science and management, sectoral and public interests in preparing and implementing a program for the protection and the sustainable development of coastal resources and environments. The overall goal of ICM is to improve the quality of life of the communities that depend on coastal resources as well as providing for needed development (particularly coastal dependent development) while maintaining the biological diversity and productivity of coastal ecosystems in order to achieve and maintain
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desired functional and/or quality levels of coastal systems, as well as to reduce the costs associated with coastal hazards to acceptable levels.
1.2. Organizing frameworks for information exchange and to learn from experience.
One of the greatest needs -- if not the greatest need -- for advancing ICMs state-of-the-art is improving the effectiveness and efficiency of information exchange (particularly in respect to learning from experience) on the international, national and the sub-national levels. Currently (as of last February) the practice of ICM is learning relatively little from its 35 years of experience involving approximately 698 ICM efforts at all levels of governance, in all parts of the world, in all types of political regimes, in all types of environments, and at all levels of national economic development. ICM practitioners appear to have little time (and often facilities) for information searches and reading to find answers to specific questions they have to design or improve their program. ICM specialists and/or coordinators in international assistance institutions are also similarly pressed for time. At present there are only a few online information exchange networks devoted to ICM -- all with limitations -- that can expedite finding specific information needed by practitioners and international assistance coordinators to design, build, revise or otherwise improve a program or project.3 As a result, practitioners and ICM specialists in international assistance institutions are learning only a portion of what they could learn from the more than three decades of history and rich experience of successful as well as failed ICM efforts or components of ICM efforts. This situation has two evident consequences: The ratio of failed or ineffective programs to successful programs is much higher that it could be; The same well known and -- for the most part -- avoidable mistakes are continuously being repeated and, concomitantly, ICM efforts continually fail to incorporate the information from other efforts with analogous situations on the specifics that they need for building successful programs, particularly the means to overcome the challenges confronting each stage and aspect of ICM program development and implementation (see Section 8).
The failure to learn from experience is exacerbated by the fact that many practitioners dont appear to believe that information from one nation or sub-national unit is of direct relevance to the practitioners own situation. Furthermore, the literature presents relatively few lessons on overcoming challenges common to ICM. The relatively few means to overcome challenges are built mostly on non-systematic observation or hypothesis testing; observer/reporter bias is common (see Sections 8 and 9). There is an almost complete lack of independent assessments of ICM programs. Every ICM effort can be a learning opportunity; not just for the participants involved in the particular effort but also for ICM practitioners elsewhere who are in similarly situated circumstances, as well as ICM specialists in the international assistance community. For example, what can be learned from the terminations or transformations of many ICM efforts. Review of the Tables on ICM efforts (Annex C) indicates that approximately 25 of them have been terminated or transformed into another type of environmental management program. One can often learn more from determining why an effort failed than from assessing an effort that is merely plodding along.
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Baseline 2000 was built on the assumption that both tracking the status of ICM and improving the state-of-the-art largely depends on improving global and national information exchange, particularly in respect to learning from the wealth of experience acquired over the last thirty-five years. This report presents seven frameworks to organize and facilitate information exchange to track the status of ICM as an international practice as well improve the state-of-the-art. Figure 1.1 places the seven organizing frameworks in context with the different sections of the text and depicts the connections to other components of ICM.
The seven organizing frameworks used to establish Baseline 2000 are:
Global database for ICM efforts, An index and networks of the issues that have commonly motivated the initiation of ICM efforts, An index of model planning approaches and techniques for planning and/or management, Comparative assessment of guidance literature, An index of common challenges to ICM (as well as other types of environmental planning and management), The application of performance assessment to evaluate and improve ICM programs, Global database of ICM topics.
Comparison of Figure 1.1 to Figure 2.1 (Components of Coastal Management) and its explanatory text (in Section 2.2) as well as a perusal of the entire text should clarify the relationships and interconnections depicted. The global database of ICM efforts is a key-organizing framework, as depicted by Figure 1.1. The information from this database of ICM efforts is derived from all the other boxes shown on Figure 1.1. It also provides information to all boxes shown in the Figure. The global index of topic areas relevant to ICM is expected to be the other key-organizing framework. It is the last organizing framework presented in this Report since it has a reciprocal connection with all the other boxes in Figure 1.1. The Figure also depicts that Literature relevant to ICM has a reciprocal connection to all the other boxes. The literature box encloses only three topics: Guidance literature (Section 7), Common challenges to ICM achievement (Section 8), and Measuring ICM efforts and performance indicators (Section 9). The et cetera in the literature box is meant to indicate the obvious: the literature relevant to ICM includes many more than the three topics (as outlined in Section 10 and Annex H). These three topics are organizing frameworks Section 5, A Comparison of ICM governance arrangements, was not summarized in the Baseline 2000 Discussion Paper. The section was added in order to demonstrate one means of doing a comparative assessment of ICM governance arrangements.
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Figure 1.1: Baseline 2000s Organizing Frameworks and their Interconnections
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The next section highlights a number of dimensions and aspects of the worlds coasts that affect the planning and management of its resources and environments at all levels of governance -as well as to provide a context for the Reports seven organizing frameworks. This Report clearly shows that further work is needed to develop each of the organizing frameworks to make each of them fully operational -- and thereby -- achieve their potential to improve the practice of ICM. Proposals will have to prepared in order to obtain funding to complete information input into each framework and make it operational and easily accessible to ICM practitioners, ICM specialists in international assistance institutions and specialists in fields or interests directly relevant to the practice. The frameworks were developed (by means of design and the inputting of information) far enough to achieve the objectives of Baseline 2000.
Endnotes
1
2
The word, effort, is used to include ICM programs and feasibility or pilot projects.
There is no consensus in the literature in respect to the terms, coastal management or coastal resources management. They are catch-all terms with no specific meaning.
3
ICM information exchange websites or servers include: Netcoast, European Union for Coastal Conservation, ICoast, NOAAs Coastal Service Center, and Wise Coastal Practices for Sustainable Human Development. The URLs for each are on google.com/.
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2. Factors influencing Coastal Management
2.1. Environmental and socioeconomic factors.
Approximately 70% of the Earth's non-frozen land surface ultimately drains into coastal waters and oceans1. The Reports two covers illustrate the global drainage pattern. It is an illustration of the common observation -- and lament -- that coastal waters and the oceans are the planets ultimate sink. The ultimate inland boundary of the coastal zone could theoretically extend back into much of the tan area depicted on the covers if the concept is applied that all lands, the uses of which have, or could have, an impact on coastal waters (including coastal resources and environments) should be within the coastal zone.2 Floating plastic debris (such as the clear plastic used to bind six packs of soda or beer) can -- and does -- travels from the headwaters of the Mississippi and Missouri River system --1,000 to 1,500 kilometers inland -into the Gulf of Mexico. Once in the Gulf the plastic six pack binders have been ingested by marine turtles, often causing their demise (sea turtles mistake small floating pieces of plastic for jellyfish, a preferred food item). The cover maps shows the ultimate inland limit of the coastal zone. The map of the worlds total drainage area, comprising thousands of watersheds and drainage basins emptying into all the oceans and the seas is also an illustration of one of 14 coastal systems that are the root causes (or primary forcing factors) for the practice of Integrated Coastal Management (see Section 2.2). The covers are also in illustration of one of the greatest challenges to coastal zone management; where to set the inland boundary of the coastal zone. At the moment, there are 173 sovereign nations that either: 1) open on an ocean, sea, gulf, bay,3 or land-locked sea or lake of international significance 4 or both.5 There are also approximately 35 coastal semi-sovereign states (e.g. Bermuda, Marshall Islands, and Palau) or overseas states (e.g. Martinique and Reunion) that have been given the legal power by their metropolitan nation to manage their own natural resources and lands -- such as creating an ICM program. Twenty-seven land-locked nations have shared boundaries in large lakes (e.g. Lake Victoria, Lake Geneva, and Lake Titicaca) or landlocked seas (e.g. the Caspian and Aral Seas) that do -- or could have -- ICM programs that are in almost all respects similar to the ones in the Great Lakes (see Section 3 and Table 3.2, as well as the Tables of ICM Efforts in Annex C). The coastal zone has the greatest aggregation of environmental, resource, and physical systems in comparison to any of the earth's other types of bio-geographic units (e.g. continental mountain systems, great plains, rain forest regions). At least fourteen coastal systems interact with one another, although usually not all at the same place and at the same time (see Section 2.2). Many of the systems are very complex and difficult to model (e.g. estuaries, watersheds, littoral cells) and, therefore, in the coastal zone it is usually difficult and costly to make reasonably accurate environmental or socioeconomic impact predictions for proposed development projects or to comparatively assess proposed policy options or plans. The coastal zone has the highest concentration of natural hazards in the world. The coastal zone commonly has the following hazards: coastal erosion, landslides, river or estuary flooding, storm surge flooding and winds from ocean borne storm events (e.g. hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons), earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. For example, the Pacific Rim of Fire roughly correlates to the Pacific coastal zone rim.
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In general, the coastal zone of any nation is its most valued and its most contentious area of real estate. This situation is attributable to at least six factors: 1) the CZs small size, 2) High population density, 3) the number of uses competing for coastline and coastlands space, 4) the concentration of resources, 5) the sensitivity of coastal environments to damage and degradation, and 6) the concentration of coastal hazards. A very compelling argument can be made that the coastal zone is the most difficult part of earths surface in which to prepare and implement any type of environmental planning or management program. Approximately 70% of the world's coastal zone is the under the jurisdiction of developing nations or nations in transition from a centralized to a market economy (see Section 3). Given the difficulty that these nations have -- and will continually encounter -- in implementing an ICM effort, there is little reason for optimism about the future of most of the world's coastal resources and environments (the topic of Section 7). This bleak situation is particularly true for tropical coastal resources and environments such as aggregations of corals, coral formed lagoons, sea grass systems, and mangroves. Ninety five percent of the tropics are within the jurisdiction of developing nations. Most of these nations are at the lowest or lower end of the world's national income scale (see Section 3). Approximately 50 % of the world's population6 lives within 150 kilometers of a coastline and it is compressed into an area that consists of only 8% of the worlds terrestrial surface that is habitable.7 In most coastal nations, particularly developing nations, the population growth rate within the coastal zone is significantly higher than for inland areas. In developing nations, the majority of growth in coastal zone populations is among the lowest income groups. It is an axiom that attempting to meet the basic needs of impoverished people almost inevitably means exploitation of natural resources and environments to levels of irreversible environmental degradation such as species extinction, permanent loss of soil productivity, or elimination of fisheries (the Malthusian syndrome8). Important tropical coastal resources and environments -- specifically corals reefs, mangroves, sea-grass beds and coastal-dependent fisheries -- continue their downward spirals of degradation, non-sustainable levels of exploitation, and even permanent loss of once viable fisheries. The actual rates of these downward spirals throughout the world are not presently known. In 1993, it was estimated that about 10% of tropical coral reefs had already been degraded beyond recovery and another 30% were likely to decline significantly in the next twenty years (World Resources Institutes [WRI] website). Apparently, there has not been a global inventory taken of tropical coral reefs since 1993 and therefore the predicted trend of decline since 1993 is unknown. The coral reefs are also in serious decline from bleaching due to excessive water temperatures from global warming. It is estimated that mangrove forests once covered of the coastlines of tropical and subtropical countries. Today less than 50% of that coverage remains, and of the remaining forest, over 50% is degraded and not in good productive condition (WRI and Conservation International). Once again, there is no assessment of the current global rate of mangrove loss and degradation. The catches of almost all coastal fisheries in tropical and subtropical nations are in continual decline as a function of over-exploitation, habitat loss, and coastal pollution. Of the estimated 51 million fishers in the world, 95% are from developing countries. Over 98 percent of these 51 million fishers are small-scale operators (WRI and Conservation International). The great majority of small-scale fishery operators is in the tropics. The great majority of fishers in the
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tropics depend on dwindling coastal stocks to provide basic sustenance (particularly protein) for their family, as well provide a meager and sporadic income.
2.2. Basic elements involved in managing coastal uses, users, resources, and environments.
All nations and semi-sovereign states -- expect those presently in anarchy or near anarchy (e.g. Angola, Somalia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and the Democratic Republic of Congo) -- at least manage (or attempt to manage) at least one coastal resource and its associated users (such as fisheries and fishers). The full spectrum of coastal resources management -- from management of just one coastal resource (such as fisheries) to the preparation and implementation of an ICM effort -- involves five discrete elements. These five elements are all interconnected into a very dynamic and system. Figure 2.1 portrays these five elements and the system they form. To reiterate, the system portrayed in Figure 2.1 applies to all levels of governance that attempt to plan or manage one or more coastal resources. Figure 2.1 is not just specific to any or all units of government that are engaged in ICM efforts. All coastal nations or SSSs have most of the fourteen systems. In Figure 2.1, the coastal systems oval is the only element printed in red. The coastal systems (Section 2.2) set ICM apart from all other types of integrated environmental planning or management. The other four elements are inherent to all types of environmental planning and management efforts including national conservation strategies, integrated rural development, or the integrated planning and management of river basins, mountain ranges, desert systems, or great-plains. The coastal issues oval is printed in purple as well as placed in the center of the graphic to illustrate that it is both a combination of the three elements in blue and the systems oval in red (blue and red create purple) and it is the keystone (or the hub) of an ICM effort or any other type of integrated environmental planning and/or management effort. 2.2.1. Coastal Systems ICM was created -- and has been sustained -- by the necessity to plan and manage coastal systems. For example, the first two ICM efforts were for planning and managing bay-estuary systems (San Francisco Bay in 1965 and Port Phillip Bay [Australia] in 1966). One of the major lessons learned from the history of ICM is that horizontal and vertical integration among government units are necessary if coastal systems are to be effectively and efficiently planned and managed.9 It is the coastal systems that largely determine the quantity, quality and distribution of coastal resources and environments. Table 2.1 is a listing of 14 systems that -individually or in combination -- have shaped the great majority issues that have motivated the initiation and preparation of ICM efforts (See section 4). A basic concept of ICM is that the planning and management of coastal resources and environments should be done in a manner that is based on the physical, socioeconomic, and political interconnections both within and among the dynamic coastal systems. It is the coastal systems in context with the motivating issues that when aggregated together, define a coastal zone (as reiterated in the next subsection).
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It is obvious that coastal systems and environments do not manage themselves, they react to both the natural and the anthropogenic forces upon them. ICM is about managing a societys (as expressed by an aggregation of stakeholders) direct impact, indirect impact, or cumulative impact on coastal systems and environments. Figure 2.1 illustrates that stakeholders are an essential element in the coastal management and planning system. Another characteristic of most of the 14 coastal systems listed in Table 2.1 is that they combine into at least nine moderate to large scale coastal geographic systems.10 ICM efforts have been directed at most of these types of coastal geographic systems. This is the topic Section 4.2.3.
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2.2.2. Issues
The specific problems and development opportunities that have motivated the initiation and the preparation of the great majority of ICM programs are very similar around the world. This similarity in motivating issue occurs despite the considerable variation among coastal nations in respect to socioeconomic and environmental conditions, geographic and climatic factors, laws, and institutional arrangements (see Section 4). The term, motivating issues, is commonly used to include: problems (such as adverse environmental impacts), development needs and opportunities, and socioeconomic needs (see section 4 and Annexes D and E). The word issue is also commonly used in the ICM literature to describe the challenges (or impediments) usually encountered in the processes involved an ICM effort, usually in the steps of program initiation, adoption, preparation, implementation, or evaluation. In this report these kind of issues are termed process issues and are a topic in Section 8. The precise boundaries of a coastal zone for an ICM effort depend on the nature of the issues that the effort was created and designed to resolve. For example if a major issue is recreation, tourism, and public access the inland boundary may not have to go further inland than a halfmile from the shorelands or coastline (see Annex A). A half-mile is the maximum distance most people are willing to walk to reach a recreational attraction on the shorelands or at the coastline. By contrast, if a major issue is the adverse impacts of non-point source pollution, the inland boundary -- at least for planning purposes -- should include all those lands -- the use of which, is polluting or may significantly pollute coastal waters.
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The motivating issues are the anchor point of an ICM effort because they directly connect to almost all the program's components: the goals and objectives, the identification of the stakeholders who should be involved in program preparation and implementation, the determination of information and research needs, the design of the institutional arrangement, and the design of the monitoring and evaluation framework (section 9).
2.2.3. Uses and stakeholders
Coastal uses are utilization of coastal resources or environments for one or more of the following purposes: economic, recreation, aesthetic, education, science, religion, and culture. Stakeholders are individuals, organizations, or groups that have a vested interest (i.e. a social or economic stake) issues outcome. Usually the issues are uses competing for the same resource (e.g. coastal abutting properties), use of a coastal resource (e.g. over-harvesting of a fishery) or the adverse (off site pollution) or beneficial (e.g. the visual quality afforded by coastal agriculture) impacts of one or more coastal uses upon one or more other coastal uses. ICM is largely a practice of conflict resolution and environmental mediation. Most of the motivating issues for an ICM effort are conflicts among stakeholders. Many of the techniques commonly used in ICM such as impact assessment, permit letting, and land use plans are means to resolve conflicts among stakeholders. Effective conflict resolution requires a conception of public policy and decision making in which key stakeholders (including donor institutions, governmental agencies, and non-governmental organizations) have the opportunity to negotiate. The goal is to move away from a strategy of policy and decision making that produces winners and aggrieved losers, and moves towards one that generates mutual gains.
2.2.4. Institutional and governance arrangements
An institutional arrangement is a composite of laws, customs, budgets, staffing, and governance structure that are established by a society to allocate scarce resources among the competing interests of stakeholders. If a nation, or sub-national unit, has established a regime to manage even one its coastal resources or uses (e.g. fisheries, beaches, sub-tidal lands, or port areas) it has an institutional arrangement that involves the coast.11 The arrangement may be only on paper -- such as laws that are ignored. The arrangement does not have to be specific to the coast, such as a nationwide pollution control law. A key component of an institutional arrangement for an ICM effort is the specific governance arrangement used for planning and management. Section 6 presents a typology for making comparative assessments of governance arrangements used by ICM efforts.
2.2.5. Planning approaches and planning and management techniques
The governance arrangement for ICM uses planning and management approaches and techniques to resolve the motivating issues. An approach is a sequential process and series of steps used to derive a plan to resolve one or more issues. Planning and management approaches -- such as permit letting, land use planning, and protected areas -- are commonly
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included as an institutional arrangement. However, because of the importance approaches and techniques hold in the practice of ICM, they have their own oval in Figure 2.1. Institutional arrangements and planning and management approaches as well as many of the techniques have a number of common aspects (e.g. inter-sectoral and interdisciplinary), 2) principles (e.g. individuals, groups, or institutions significantly affected by a policy should partake in its formulation and implementation), 3) components (e.g. applied research), and 4) approaches (e.g. flood plain management) and 5) techniques (e.g. impact assessment). Common aspects, principles, components, approaches and techniques are discussed in Section 8. Endnotes
. Exceptionally arid deserts (e.g. Shara, Atacama), interior drainage basins (e.g. the Great Basin, Gobi Desert) and permanently frozen polar lands (e.g. Antarctica, most of Greenland, arctic Canada, artic Russia comprise approximately 30% of the earths surface. These areas either do not drain or have insignificant drainage into coastal waters and oceans. The U.S. Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 as amended states that the inland boundary of the coastal zone should include all lands, the uses of which could have direct and significant impact on coastal waters. The underline has been added. These are naturally formed bodies of water with at least an estuarine level of salinity (except for the coastal waters that may not have any measurable salinity because of the enormous volume of fresh water discharge from very large rivers [in respect to the discharge volume such the Amazon, Congo, and Orinoco] and are directly connected to the global navigation network (i.e. not land-locked).
4 5
6 1
2
3
These are explained in Section 3. See Table 3.1.
The percent of the worlds population (somewhere between 40 and 60% -- depending on document) that lives within a number of kilometers (usually either 100 kms. or 150 kms. from the coastline) is far-and-away the most commonly used piece of data in the literature of ICM as an international practice. Until recently, the figure that was used was accepted as a given since it pumped up the need for ICM. The figure in the text comes from Cohen et al. (Science, November 14, 1997). Recently there has been criticism of this figure and a there is new calculation. The Second Iteration will address this demographic shibboleth. Seventy-five kilometers from the coastline should be inland boundary used for measuring both the total population and the habitable/developable area in the worlds coastal zone. There are two reasons using 75 kilometers boundary to make global estimates of the worlds coastal zone. On of the axioms in the practice of ICZM, is that the issues that motivate the initiation of an effort are the anchor points of the effort. One of ICZMs global motivating issues is to provide as well as to improve the quality of coastal recreation opportunities for the public. On the average, in nations with a relatively good highway system, the time to travel seventy five kilometers (as well as the cost of fuel) from an inland location directly to the coast is approximately the maximum effort/cost that a day-use recreationist is willing to pay to enjoy one or more coastal recreational opportunities (this includes the relief from the high temperatures that commonly occur well inland and beyond the salubrious coastal climate. The second reason for selecting 75 kilometers is that the inland jurisdictional limit of most local governments that border on the coast are within this distance. One of the most common means if not the most common means of implementing an ICZM program is the requirement that local coastal governments prepare and implement local coastal plans according to specific policies and guidelines established by a higher level of government (e.g. state, regional, or national).
7 The Second Iteration will include an annex on the area extent of the worlds developable or habitable coastal zone. In order to make this calculation, 75 kms will be used as the inland limit of the CZ. The challenge is how much to deduct from the worlds total kilometers of coastline that border coast lands that are incapable of being developed or can only support a very low population density. At this point, the estimates of the worlds total coastline vary from
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a low of 504,000 kms. to a high of 885,032 kms. The terrestrial size of the worlds coastal zone should be land that is habitable (or developable) without exceptional technology interventions (such as desalinization plants to bring water to the large portions of the worlds coastline that is desert or very arid and wind swept plains). Similarly, the coastal zone of Antarctica, arctic Canada, arctic Russia, and Greenland could be made habitable with innumerable very large, heated, and weatherproof domes a very unlikely prospect). A second complication in deriving the total extent of the worlds potentially habitable coastal zone (using 75 kms. as the inland boundary) is the fact that one hundred and nine coastal nations and semi-sovereign states, particularly island states, have an average width from the coast to coast of less than 150 kms. The average width of the island has to be at least 150 kms. (75 kms. from all sides of the island) otherwise; ocean areas will be counted as terrestrial areas. A third complication is the accuracy of the measurement made of a nations or SSSs coastline. The extent of consistency among nations and SSSs in the decision rules used to measure each nations or SSSs coastline maybe a major complication (number 4) and source of error. The eight percent figure used in the text is the first approximation. The Second Iteration will include an annex that lists each coastal nations and SSSs: 1) Coastline (probably using the numbers in the CIAs Fact Book), 2) Coastlands (within 75 kms. of a coastline) that are habitable or developable (as in the case of extensive potential gas and oil resources), and 3). Population within 75 kms. of the coastline. Two hundred years ago, Thomas Robert Malthus, wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population. He argued that the world population would increase faster than the food supply, with disastrous results for the general human welfare. It is estimated that worlds population of 250 million at the year 1 has now grown to 6.1 billion in spite of wars, plagues, famines, and epidemics. World food production has been keeping pace with population growth until recently. A world population of 10 to 11 billion by mid-century will have an individual allocation of 6 to 7 pounds per week, equivalent to the diet of todays members of society living in poverty.
9 10 8
Vertical and horizontal integration is one of ICMs greatest challenges (see section 7).
The coastal geographic systems are: 1) enclosed coastal seas, 2) continental currents, 3) enclosed bays, estuaries, or lagoons, 4) wetlands, 5) international lakes and landlocked seas, 6) Modified Mega-deltas, 7) large expanses of beaches, sand dunes, barrier beaches and barrier islands, 8) small island states, and 9) large coral systems. See Section 4.
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3. International Database of ICM Efforts
ICM has proliferated over the past three and a half decades in respect to the total number of efforts, the total number of nations and semi-sovereign states (SSS) and the extent of global distribution. ICM is now practiced in all parts of the world and it is readily incorporated into part of the pervasive, international rhetoric on sustainable development. In 1993, a roster was prepared of ICM efforts at the national and sub-national levels.1 The search included all coastal nations with the exception of those in the USs 30 coastal states.2 The roster also did not include international efforts (define as efforts based on consensual agreements among nations). The 1993 roster indicated there were 142 ICM national and subnational efforts in 57 coastal nations (with exception of the US) and SSSs. The 1993 count of 142 ICM efforts did not include the 20 international efforts and the 55 ICM efforts in the U.S. at that time.3 Adding these two numbers to the 1993 total produces a sum of 217 ICM efforts. In 1993, approximately 75 nations and SSSs were involved in ICM at the national and/or sub-national levels. Table 3.1 is a summary of the database of ICM efforts compiled. The numbers in Table 3.1 are derived from the four Tables that constitute Annex C. Table C-1: ICM Efforts at National and Sub-national Levels, (except Canada and the U.S.A (455 efforts as of 28 February, 2002). 58 pages. Table C-2: ICM Efforts in Canada (57 efforts as of February 2, 2001). 7 pages. Table C-3: ICM Efforts in the United States (110 efforts as of February 28, 2002). 15 pages. Table C-4: International ICM Efforts (76 efforts as of 28 February, 2002). 13 pages.
Table 3.1 indicates that at the beginning of 2002, 145 coastal nations and SSSs have initiated approximately 622 ICM efforts at the national and/or sub-national levels. In nine years, there has been almost a tripling of national and sub-national level ICM efforts (217 to 622), as well as almost a doubling in the number of nations and SSSs that have become involved with ICM (75 to 145) at the national and/or sub-national levels.4 Has ICM become something of a sustainable development fad particularly among the international assistance institutions? When will this growth rate taper off? Another perspective is that to a large extent, the increase in numbers is attributable to the increase in data available on the Internet, as well as the momentum and skill of creating useful and informative websites. Many ICM efforts either existed or were in the pipeline in 1993 but could not be found without laboriously contacting many institutions by phone, fax, or in person. Furthermore, the total of ICM efforts now includes lakes of international significance and land-locked seas.5 Table 3.2 lists 12 efforts in these two categories, as well as 26 lakes that are shared by two or more nations, but without a notation (i.e. evidence) that there has been -- is or will be -- an ICM effort.6
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Table 3.1: ICM Efforts and Composition.
First Iteration. April 2 Draft.
A. NATIONS + SEMI-SOVEREIGN STATES (S.S.S.)
A.1. SOVEREIGN NATIONS THAT BORDER ON AN OCEANIC COAST A.2. SOVEREIGN NATIONS THAT BORDER ON A LAKE OF INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OR LAND-LOCKED SEA + THAT DO NOT BORDER ON AN OCEANIC COAST (e.g. Bolivia, Chad, Kazakhstan, Paraguay) A.3. COASTAL SEMI-SOVEREIGN STATES (Self-governing except national defense, foreign relations and development assistance) (e.g. Aruba, Bermuda, Cook Islands, Jersey, and Guam). A.4. COASTAL TERRITORIES WITH LIMITED SELF-GOVERNANCE (e.g. Anguilla, Christmas Island, Mayotte, Montserrat, Norfolk Island, and Tokelau) TOTAL
152 21
27 8 208
B. NATIONS + S.S.S. WITH EFFORTS
B.1. COASTAL NATIONS + NATIONS +/or BORDERING INTERNATIONAL LAKES + S.S.S. THAT HAVE, OR HAVE HAD, ONE or MORE ICM EFFORTS at the NATIONAL +/or SUB-NATIONAL LEVELS B.2. DEVELOPING NATIONS and SEMI-SOVEREIGN STATES THAT HAVE, OR HAVE HAD, ONE or MORE ICM EFFORTS
134 99
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C. INTERNATIONAL ICM EFFORTS
> EFFORTS THAT FOCUS ON ENCLOSED COASTAL SEAS > EFFORTS THAT FOCUS ON LARGE MARINE OFFSHORE CURRENTS > EFFORTS FOCUS ON ENCLOSED OR SEMI-ENCLOSED BAYS, GULF, OR ESTUARIES > EFFORTS THAT FOCUS ON LAKES OF INT. IMPORTANCE OR LAND LOCKED SEAS
76 22 7 9 8 622 140 481 284 215 24 25 16 99 208 698
LME = Large Marine Ecosystems
D. ICM EFFORTS at NATIONAL & SUB-NATIONAL LEVELS
> EFFORTS AT THE NATION-WIDE or S.S.S.-WIDE LEVEL > EFFORTS AT THE SUB-NATIONAL or SUB-S.S.S.-WIDE LEVEL > NATIONAL and SUB-NATIONAL EFFORTS in DEV. NATIONS, S.S.S., and TERRITORIES > EFFORTS THAT FOCUS ON ESTUARIES, BAY, OR LAGOONS > EFFORTS THAT FOCUS ON INTERNATIONAL LAKES OR LAND-LOCKED SEAS > NUMBER OF EFFORTS THAT FOCUS ON OFFSHORE ECOSYSTEMS (e.g. LME's) > NUMBER OF EFFORTS THAT FOCUS ON CORAL SYSTEMS > NUMBER OF EFFORTS ON RELATIVELY SMALL ISLANDS > NUMBER OF EFFORTS IN THE TROPICS
INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL & SUB-NATIONAL EFFORTS
S.S.S. = Semi-sovereign states
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Table 3.2: Lakes of International Significance, Land-locked Seas, Riparian Nations, and ICM Efforts First Iteration. April 2 Draft.
LAKES of INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE or LANDLOCKED SEAS
Area Sea Bodensee Caspian Sea Daryachen-ye Sistan or Hamun e Saberi Dead Sea Great Lakes system Lac Kivu Lac Leman (Lake Geneva) Lac Selingue Lago Buenos Aires or General Carrera Lago Cochrane or Pueyrredon Lago Lugano Lago Maggiore Lago O'Higgins or San Martin Lagoa Mirim Lago Titicaca Lake Albert Lake Baikal (Ozero Baykal) Lake Chad
RIPARIAN NATIONS on LAKES of INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE or LAND-LOCKED SEAS
Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan Austria, Germany, and Switzerland Azerbaijan, Iran , Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan Afganistan and Iran Israel and Jordan Canada and the United States Congo Democratic Republic and Rwanda Italy and Switzerland Guinea and Mali Argentina and Chile Argentina and Chile France and Switzerland Italy and Switzerland Argentina and Chile Brazil and Uruguay Bolivia and Peru Congo Democratic Republic and Uganda Russia Chad, Cameroon , Niger, and Nigeria
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT EFFORT
Environmental Management in Aral Sea Basin (Table C-4)
The Caspian Action Plan (Table C-4)
Cooperative Program: Israel & Jordan (Table C-4) See Tables C-2, C-3 and C-4
Management Program for Lake Geneva? (Table C-4)
Conservation in the Lake Titicaca Basin (Table C-4)
Lake Baikal Project (Table C-1) Integrated Management of Lake Chad Basin. (Table C-4)
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LAKES of INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE or LANDLOCKED SEAS
Lake Champlain Lake Edward Lake Kariba Lake Nasser Lake Malawi or Nyasa Lake Tahoe Lake Tanganyika Lake Turkana or Rudolf Lake Victoria Lake of the Woods Mikri Prespa Narvskoye Vdkhr Neueusiedler See or Ferto Ohridsko ezero Ozero Khanka Ozero Pskovkoye or Lake Peipus Prispansko ezero Represa Itaipu Skadarsko
RIPARIAN NATIONS on LAKES of INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE or LAND-LOCKED SEAS
Canada and the United States Congo Democratic Republic + Uganda Zambia and Zimbabwe Egypt and Sudan Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania United States Burundi, Congo D.Republic, + Tanzania Kenya and Ethiopia Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda Canada and the United States Albania and Greece Estonia and Russia Austria and Hungary Albania and Macedonia China and Russia Estonia and Russia Albania and Greece Brazil and Paraguay Albania and Montenegro/Yugoslavia
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT EFFORT
Bi-state Planning + Management Program (Table C-3)
Lake Malawi - Nyasa Conservation Project (Table C-4) Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (Table C-3) Implementing the Lake Tanganyika Program (Table C-4)
Lake Victoria Environ. Management Project (Table C-4)
Nations in italics and blue font have an oceanic coast and one or more international lake(s) and/or land-locked sea(s)
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Both the total number of efforts at the national and sub-national levels, as well as the number of nations and semi-sovereign states with ICM efforts, may increase when more ICM practitioners, as well as ICM specialists in international assistance agencies, have had an opportunity to review Tables C-1 and C-4. However, the numbers could also decrease because: 1) a number of efforts may never have actually occurred, 2) there may be double counting (it appears that a number of efforts may be a simple extension of an existing effort vs. a new phase such as program implementation), and 3) a number of the efforts do not fit the criteria of an ICM study, project or program (see the introduction to Annex C on the challenges of drawing the line between what is, and what is not an ICM effort). The primary purpose of the database of ICM efforts is to provide a means of interconnecting ICM practitioners, staff in international assistance organizations, and specialists in topics directly relevant to ICM, who are all addressing coastal issues with an integrated approach (both vertical and horizontal integration). The primary purpose of the database is not to keep an accurate count of ICM efforts. Therefore, it is not imperative to make an exact separation between what is, or is not an integrated coastal management effort. Other types of environmental planning and management efforts, such as marine protected areas or nationwide integrated environmental action plans, commonly address many of same issues in the same ways as ICM efforts. Updating the count of ICM efforts (both additional efforts, as well as efforts that have terminated or transformed), and determining the nations involved in ICM, as well as the composition patterns of both efforts and nations is an important, but secondary, benefit of the database.
3.1. Findings derived from Tables 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and Annex C.
3.1.1. There are great variations among ICM efforts. Numbers can be deceiving is an axiom. In the Tables of ICM efforts for example, the California Coastal Management Program (CCMP), the Bluenose Atlantic Coastal Action Program (BACAP) in Canada, and the Exe Estuary Partnership in the U.K. are all given a one in the count of efforts. Although these efforts are counted in the tally as equals, they represent a spectrum with respect to the two major indicators that are commonly used to make comparative assessments among institutions; the resources and authorities (or powers). In respect to these two indicators; the CCMP is at the top end of the spectrum, the BACAP is well below the middle, and the Exe Estuary Partnership as at the low end of the spectrum. The wide variation among ICM efforts in respect to powers and extent of geographic jurisdiction (another important comparative indicator among institutions) the topic of Section 6. The California Coastal Management Program was enacted by law in 1972. Over the last 29 years, the California Coastal Commission (CCC), the executing institution of the CCMP, has spent approximately $174 million (USD) to prepare and implement its Program. The number of the Commissions full time paid staff has varied between 110 and 150 over the last 29 years. The extent of the CCCs powers includes the approval, denial or setting conditions on any significant development proposal7 within its geographic jurisdiction -- which can extent up to five miles inland. The CCC also has the powers to require all local units of government that border on the coast to prepare and implement a Local Coastal Plan (LCP)8. These LCPs must be prepared according to the Commissions very specific regulations and guidelines. The Commission also has the powers to approve or deny LCPs or make recommendations about changes that must be made in order produce an acceptable LCP.
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The Bluenose Atlantic Coastal Action Program (BACAP) was created as an NGO in 1993 and has no legal standing. The staffing is two full-time employees who are supported by dozens of volunteers, and the total budget expended over the past nine years has been approximately $1.5 million (USD).9 BACAP can only advise and inform government units with regulatory or planning powers. In 1995, the Exe Estuary Partnership (EEP) was formed. It employs one full-time officer, who is occasionally given administrative support from partner organizations. Students assist with the research and, over the past 4 years, the Partnership has spent approximately $180,000 (USD). Like the BACAP, the EEP has only advisory powers. The staff member offers advice to a Joint Advisory Committee and a number of statutory and nonstatutory stakeholder organizations associated with the Exe Estuary. It should be noted that an institution, despite very limited powers and resources, may be more effective and efficient in achieving the same objective than an institution with broad regulatory powers and extensive resources. For example, the Exe Estuary Partnership may be more effective in the conservation and/or restoration of its one estuary when compared to the California Coastal Commission achieving its mandate to conserve and/or restore any one of the very many estuaries within its very large jurisdictional area. 3.1.2. Between 1973 and 2000, all but one of the worlds sovereign coastal (oceanic)10 nations have, at one time or another, participated or are participating in one or more international ICM efforts - at least on paper. Table C-4 indicates that there have been 76 efforts for planning and/or management of international open coastal seas (e.g. Gulf of Guinea), enclosed coastal seas (e.g. Baltic Sea), international land-locked seas (e.g. Caspian Sea), international gulfs (e.g. Gulf of Fonseca), and lakes of international significance (e.g. Great Lakes and Lake Baikal). It is important to make a distinction between ICM efforts at the national and/or sub-national levels and international ICM efforts. The former, with few exceptions, are ICZM (CZM) efforts that involve a significant commitment of money, staff resources, and time by the nation or the sub-national unit to prepare and implement a program that resolves the motivating issues.11 By contrast, international ICM efforts are consensual agreements among nations.12 Consequently, they have little or no monitoring and enforcement powers or even modest funds for program monitoring and evaluation. Consequently, for most of the international ICM agreements (particularly the 13 Regional Sea Action Plans initiated by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) to which 127 nations are participants at least on paper), there is almost nothing to loose for a nation to be a participant, and there should be something to gain. The benefits for a nation to be a signatory on a UNEP Regional Sea Convention and/or Action Plan include: 1) acquiring useful information about its sea or seas, 2) increasing the capability of its scientists in conduct coastal and ocean related research, 3) increasing the amount and quality of applied ocean and coastal sciences research and inventory in its EEZ and/or territorial waters, 4) sensitizing stakeholders (particularly the ruling elites) about the values of its sea(s), as well as the present level of degradation of environmental quality and resources, 5) receiving technical assistance and grants for projects such as pollution control, ICM pilot or demonstration area efforts, establishing marine or coastal protected areas, and recovery plans for rare and endangered species, and 6) attending international meetings and workshops, as well as networking among peers and colleagues. There appear to be only two downsides of being a signatory to a UNEP Regional Sea Convention or Plan and not making any significant commitments or actions to achieving its objectives: 1) acquiring a bad reputation among the signatories of the international effort that are making significant commitments and actions to
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achieve the objectives of the Action Plan and 2) preclude or decrease, perhaps to zero, the six benefits just enumerated. A comparison of Table C-1 to C-4 indicates that twenty-six coastal nations of the 127 nations that have participated in one or more UNEP Regional Sea Programmes do not have an ICM effort at either the national or the sub-national level.13 This fact appears to be a function of one or more of the following three situations:1) the nation has no compelling socioeconomic issues that could be effectively resolved by an ICM effort (see Section 8.3), 2) the nation does not have the governance capacity necessary to prepare, much less implement, an ICM effort (see Section 8.3), or 3) a nation chooses not to use ICM as a means to resolve one or more compelling nation-wide or region-wide coastal issues (see the Introduction to Annex C). For example, a number of small island states have chosen to resolve coastal issues by means of a National Environmental Action Plan. The great majority of international ICM efforts usually have had woefully inadequate budgets. As to be expected, the numerous limitations and constraints of international coastal ICM efforts have created the situation that many, if not most, efforts have been ineffective attempts to resolve their motivating issues. It was also inevitable that a number of international ICM efforts are now either moribund or have been discontinued. 3.1.3. In many coastal nations, particularly large ones, the focus of ICM is at the subnational level. Delegation of a national ICM program to one or more sub-national units offers numerous advantages. The three most evident ones are the ability to: 1) tailor national policies and guidelines to fit and accommodate local variations in environmental and socio-economic conditions, 2) address the specific priority issues of concern to stakeholders at the local level, and 3) enable and encourage local stakeholders to buy-in to the preparation and implementation of local coastal plans. Table 3.1 indicates that there are over three times as many ICM efforts at the sub-national level (481) than efforts at the national level (140).14 The ratio of sub-national efforts to national efforts would further increase if all the coastal plans prepared by local units of government were included in Tables C-1, C-2, and C-3 (see Section 3.2). The total of 223 includes nine international ICM efforts for estuaries, lagoons and enclosed coastal bays.15 At present, there is also no global ICM information exchange network for the planning and management of estuaries, lagoons, and bays. This point is addressed in Section 4.2.3. 3.1.4. A significant number of ICM efforts focus on islands. Table 3.1 indicates that 99 efforts have focused on small island nations or semi-sovereign island states. The Tables in Annex C indicate that 35 small island nations or semi-sovereign states are, or have been, involved in these 99 efforts. Relatively small islands are essentially wrap-around coastal zones, and are therefore appropriate for ICM programs if they have been extensively developed and have motivating issues. Large islands such as Jamaica, Cuba, and New Guinea are sizeable enough to have inland bio-geographic areas that have relatively few direct and significant impacts of coastal resources and environments. Two notable exceptions, however, are nonpoint pollution and river flooding, particularly in the area where the river and the coast interconnect.16
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The number of ICM efforts on small islands would be significantly higher if ICM had not been precluded or incorporated into many islands nation-wide or statewide comprehensive environmental planning programs (such as national or state environmental action plans). On small islands, ICM objectives, concepts, approaches and techniques can in theory be easy folded into a nation or statewide comprehensive planning program. This point is addressed in the introduction to Annex C. 3.1.5. Since 1990, developing nations as well as developing semi-sovereign states have accounted for the great majority of the increase in number of nations and SSSs involved in ICM at the national and/or sub-national levels. Table C-1 in Annex C indicates that 99 developing nations (including countries in transition from communism to democracy and capitalism) have now initiated one or more ICM efforts at the national and/or sub-national levels. The total number of national or sub-national efforts in developing nations now stands at 284 or 45% of the total number of such efforts in the world. With only a few exceptions, all ninety-nine developing nations or states received substantial support (usually as non-reimbursable grants) from the cadre of multi-lateral and bilateral international assistance institutions (e.g. World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank and Canadian International Development Agency) for the initiation and preparation of an ICM effort. Developing nations commonly obtain international assistance to support implementing the ICM effort. The support for implementation, however, usually is provided as a loan and not as a grant. 3.1.6. The international regions and continents on which developed nations are concentrated have a disproportional large percentage of ICM efforts at the national and sub-national levels. This disparity is illustrated by Table 3.3. In respect to ICM efforts at the national or sub-national levels; Europe (133), (North America (167), and Australia (46) have a combined total of 346 efforts, or 49% of the 698 global total. If the total efforts of the USA (104), Canada (57), Australia (46) and the United Kingdom (45) are combined, the total is 252 or 36% of the 698 global total. In comparison, the nations with the next largest numbers of efforts are: Philippines (18), Indonesia (13), Mozambique (10), Ecuador (9), India (9), South Africa (9) and Brazil, Mexico, Malaysia, each with 7. It is reasonable to expect that the archipelagic nations of Indonesia and Philippines would have a relatively large number of ICM efforts. The 1993 Roster of ICM efforts had the same skew of ICM efforts to developed nations and those international regions and continents in which they are located. Section 8.2 lists most of the reasons why developing nations and semi-sovereign states -- as well as international regions or continents in which the are located -- have disproportionately fewer ICM efforts. It must be reiterated again that numbers of efforts as well as the numbers of nations or SSS with ICM efforts can be deceiving. The database is a clear example that quantity is not quality. However, in the first stage of developing a global database of ICM efforts it is the first data that can be collected and analyzed. One must start an ICM global data base, as outlined in Annex C, with the location, name, address, and contact points of each past, present, and in the pipeline effort.
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Clearly, the two best indicators of the relative amount and intensity of ICM activity and actions by a nation/SSS, or by an international region, or by a continent, is: 1) the cumulative commitment of resources (e.g. budget, time period, competent professional staff, technology, and technical assistance) and, 2) a summarization of the powers and jurisdictional areas of the efforts in a nation/SSS, or in a international region, or in a continent. Without both of these indicators, a global database of ICM efforts will fail to capture the real global geo-politic of the practice, nor be able to provide the information necessary to assess program performance and effectiveness (see section 9).17 3.1.7. Approximately 55% of the ICM efforts at the national and sub-national levels (exclusive of the 110 efforts in the USA) have reached the implementation stage. In the U.S., the implementation level reaches 95%. The high implementation rate in the U.S. is a function of both the twenty-six-year time span to develop and implement the efforts, and the continual Federal support for program implementation. However, as Section 9 points out, there is very little information on the extent to which efforts in the implementation stage are achieving their objectives with respect to measurable, on the ground, accomplishments. The fact that an ICM effort is going through the implementation process, such as issuing permits, approving local land use plans, and designating marine protected areas, does not necessarily mean that these actions are resolving the motivating issues.
3.2. Future Directions
Eventually the database of ICM efforts should be taken down to the local government level (e.g. coastal municipalities, counties, or cantons). In the U.S., at least ten of the state CZM programs require local units of government to prepare a local coastal plan based on state guidelines. In California, for example, the 73 local jurisdictions that border the coast have a legal obligation to prepare Local Coastal Plans (LCPs).18 These LCPs must be approved by the (state-wide) California Coastal Commission, before implementation is delegated to the local jurisdiction. Expanding the database to include local coastal plans in the U.S. and other nations will require considerable work. Nevertheless, expanding the database to local coastal plans will provide the opportunity for direct communication among local governments that commonly confront the same types of issues (such as the planning and management of urban beaches, public access, waterfront development and/or redevelopment, and the provision of coastal dependent uses). Beach recreation planning and management in the City of Los Angeles has the same set of issues, stakeholders, and options for management techniques as it does in Tel Aviv, Nice, Sydney, and Toronto. Information exchange among similar levels of government has more transferability and more credibility since it is done among counterparts ("Only local government officials can understand how things really work and don't work in local governance.). The concept of grouping a similar level and scale of governance is reflected in the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission's (IOC) program on ICM in large metropolitan areas.19
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Table 3.3: Regional Distribution of ICM Efforts
First Iteration. April 2 Draft.
World Region
AFRICA - EAST and SOUTH (AFES)
Total
Burundi (1,0)*, Comoros (2,3), Djibouti (2,0), Eritrea (3,1), Kenya (4,2), Madagascar (3,2), Malawi (1,0), Mauritius (2,3), Mayotte (0,0), Mozambique (4,10), Reunion (1,0), Seychelles (2,2), Somalia (3,0), South Africa (5,9), Tanzania (5,4), Uganda (1,0), Zambia (1,0).
International efforts 10 National and sub-national efforts 36 AFRICA - NORTH (AFN)
Algeria (1,1), Cape Verde (2,0), Chad (1,0), Egypt (3,3), Libya (1,0), Mauritania (2,1), Morocco (2,2), Niger (1,0), Sudan (2,0), and Tunisia (1,3).
International efforts 4 National and sub-national efforts 10 AFRICA - WEST and SOUTHWEST (AFWS)
Angola (2,0), Benin (2,1), Cameroon (3,1), Congo D Republic (1,0), Cte d'Ivoire (2,1), Equatorial Guinea (1,0), Gabon (1,0), Gambia (2,3), Ghana (2,0), Guinea (1,2), Guinea-Bissau (2,3), Liberia (1,0), Namibia (2,1), Nigeria (3,1), Sao Tome and Principe (1,1), Senegal (2,1), Sierra Leone (1,0),Togo (1,1).
International efforts 4 National and sub-national efforts 16 AMERICA - CARIBBEAN (CAR)
Anguilla (1,0), Antigua and Barbuda (2,1), Aruba (0,0), Bahamas (2,1), Barbados (2,2), British Virgin Islands (1,1), Cayman Islands (1,0), (Cuba (2,3), Dominica (2,1), Dominican Republic ( 2,5), Grenada (2,1), Guadeloupe (1,0), Haiti (2,3), Jamaica (2,6), Martinique (1,0), Montserrat (1,0), Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico (1,3), St. Kittts and Nevis (2,2), St. Lucia (2,3), St. VincentGenadines (2,1), Trinidad and Tobago (2,1), U.S. Virgin Islands (1,1).
International efforts 3 National and sub-national efforts 35 AMERICA - CENTRAL (CA)
Belize (4,6), Costa Rica (6,4) El Salvador (6,1), Guatemala (4,1), Honduras (9,6), Nicaragua (8,4), and Panama (5,1).
International efforts 12 National and sub-national efforts 23 AMERICA - NORTH (NA)
Bermuda (0,0), Canada (3,57), Greenland (0,0), Mexico (3,7), St. Pierre and Miquelon (0,0) and United States (6, 104 - the 104 does not include American Samoa, Guam, Hawaii, Northern Marianas, Puert Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands).
International efforts 6 National and sub-national efforts 167 AMERICA - SOUTH (SA)
Argentina (3,2), Bolivia (1,0), Brazil (1,7), Chile (1,1), Colombia (2,5), Ecuador (1,9), French Guinea (1,0) Guyana (1,2), Paraguay (0,0), Peru (2,1), Suriname (1,2), Uruguay (3,2), and Venezuela (1,3).
InternationalEfforts 6 National and sub-national efforts 34
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ASIA - EAST (EA)
China (7,7), Japan (2,2), North Korea (3,1), Russia (1,0 - other Russian efforts in EUR and WANE), South Korea (6,1), and Taiwan (0,0).
International efforts 4 National and sub-national efforts 11 ASIA - SOUTH (AS)
Andaman/Nicobar Isles (0,1), Bangladesh (2,2), India (2,9), Maldives (2,2), Pakistan (2,0), Sri Lanka (2,2).
International efforts 2 National and sub-national efforts 16 ASIA - SOUTHEAST (SEA)
Brunei Darussalam (3,1), Cambodia (4,2), Indonesia (5,13), Malaysia (5,7), Myanmar (1,0), Philippines (5,18), Singapore (3,1), Thailand (4,5), and Vietnam (4,6).
International efforts 4 National and sub-national efforts 53 ASIA - WESTERN and NEAR EAST (WANE)
Azerbaijan (1,1), Bahrain (1,0), Iraq (1,0), Iran (2,1), Israel (1,2), Jordan (2,1), Kazakhstan (2,1), Kuwait (1,0), Lebanon (1,2), Oman (1,1), Palestine (0,1), Qatar (1,0), Russia (1,1 - exclusive of EUR and WANE), Saudi Arabia (4,1), Syria (1,1), Turkmenistan (1,1), United Arab Emirates (1,0), Uzbekistan (1,0), and Yemen (4,2).
International efforts 8 National and sub-national efforts 16 ATLANTIC - SOUTH (ATS)
Falkland Islands (0,0), St. Helena and dependencies, Ascension and Tristan de Cunha (0,0)
International efforts National and sub-national efforts EUROPE (EUR)
0 0
Albania (1,1), Alderney (0,0), Azores (0,0), Belgium (3,1), Bulgaria (1,2), Canary Islands (1,0) Croatia (1,4),Cyprus (1,1), Denmark (7,2), Estonia (3,5), Faroe Islands (1,0), Finland (2,3), France (5,6), Germany (5,1), Georgia (1,2), Greece (3,8), Guernsey (0,0), Iceland (1,0), Ireland (4,4) Itly (3,5), Isle of Man (1,0), Jersey (0,0), Latvia (4,2), Lithuania (4,3), Madeira (0,0), Malta (1,1), Monaco (0,0), Montenego-Yugoslavia (1,0), Netherlands (5,3) Norway (4,4), Poland (4,3), Portugal (4,6) Romania (1,3), Russia (2,4 - excluding WANE, and EA), Spain (5,3), Slovenia (1,3), Sweden (4,2), Switzerland (1,0), Turkey (2,3), Ukraine (1,4), United Kingdom (8,45).
International efforts 17 National and sub-national efforts 133 OCEANIA
American Samoa (1,1), Australia (3,46), Cook Islands (4,1), Federated States of Micronesia (4,6), Fiji (4,1), French Overseas Departments and Territories of French Polynesia, New Caledonia, (1,0), Guam (1,1), Hawaii (0,1), Kiribati (4,1), Marshall Islands (4,1), Nauru (4,1), New Zealand (0,1), Niue (4,0), Northern Marianas (1,1), Palau (4,0), Papua New Guinea (2,2), Samoa (3,1), Solomon Islands (1,3), Tonga (4,0), Tuvalu (4,1), and Vanuatu (4,0).
International efforts 6 National and sub-national efforts 69
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The compilation of ICM efforts at the international, national, and sub-national levels is only the first stage of database development. The successive three stages of developing the database depend on obtaining funding.20 In the near future, a proposal will be submitted to obtain support for the second, third, and fourth stages of database development. The second stage would be the distribution of a standardized survey questionnaire to each ICM effort. The survey would seek to determine at least the following information: the priority issues, planning and management approaches, techniques employed, institutional arrangements, budget/staff resources, and outputs that should be of international interest.21 The third stage is data analysis and formatting. Information derived from the survey, as well as follow-up communications, would be organized into a database that could be searched according to many dimensions, including: nations, international regions, priority issues, techniques, planning approaches, institutional arrangements, budget and staff resources, and donor support. The design of a website or a website component and data input is the fourth stage. Another potential improvement in the database of ICM efforts is linkage to on-screen maps that indicate the location of ICM efforts. Figures 3.1 and 3.2 show the location of most of the planning and management efforts for international coastal seas. ICM initiatives in Europe are depicted in Figure 3.3. It is a relatively easy process to construct a GIS that would enable an individual to pull up a map of an international region or a coastal nation and use the cursor to quickly identify geographic information that pertains to ICM. The GIS could determine if there is an ICM effort (as well as its status and a complete profile) within or adjacent to the area or point defined by the cursor. More importantly, the GIS could also provide both website information and hyperlinks to many topics of direct relevance to ICM planning and management. These could include: Major coastal currents, National claims to an EEZ and territorial seas, Geographic boundaries of international fishery treaties, A signatory to international treaties or conventions that are directly relevant to ICM such as the International Maritime Organization, Law of the Sea, and CITIES, Oceanic and coastal resources such as phytoplankton productivity, fisheries catch by area, per cent of GNP derived from coastal tourism, and producing or potential oil and gas resources, Marine protected areas, coastal parks, or reserves, Demographic and socioeconomic information such as population density within different distances from the coastline, population growth rate, and different income indicators.
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Figure 3.1: International Efforts for Coastal Seas, Eastern Hemisphere
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Figure 3.2: International Efforts for Coastal Seas, Western Hemisphere
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Figure 3.3. ICM Efforts in Europe (not complete)
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Endnotes
Sorensen. J. 1993. The International Proliferation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management Efforts, Oceans and Coastal Management 21(1-3):45-80. The compilation of the 1993 roster did not have the advantage of using Internet searches nor were there informative websites, particularly websites that cover international regions (e.g. EUCC, SEACAM, PEMSEA, UNMAPPAP), websites for nation-wide efforts that are composed of a large number of sub-national efforts (e.g. Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and the websites of international assistance institutions that have supported many ICM efforts in developing nations (e.g. GEF, UNDP, World Bank, UNEP, IADB, ADB, and IUCN). The websites that identify many ICM efforts are apparent in the Tables C-1, C-2, C-3, and C-4, particularly in the fourth column. The 1993 roster did include the five CZM programs in the U.S. territories (i.e. American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands) that were prepared and implemented under the U.S. Coastal Zone Management Act (USCZMA). The 1993 roster did not include: the 30 statewide CZM programs done under the CZMA (administered by NOAA), the National Estuary Programs (administered by EPA), the National Estuary Research Reserves, and the National Marine Sanctuaries (both administered by NOAA). In September 2000, the B2K Discussion Paper listed 345 ICM efforts at the national and sub-national levels. The increase of 267 efforts presented in this Report is largely attributable to at least three factors: 1) the addition of many ICM efforts in Canada (the complete list of Canadian ICM efforts, as of August 2000, was submitted after the Baseline 2000 Discussion Paper went to the printers), 2) the initiation of many new efforts in the last 17 months (for example, Australias new national Coastal and Marine Planning Program generated 30 efforts last year), and 3) the increase in both the number and informative quality of websites and databases that list ICM efforts (for example the World Bank has compiled a database of 202 efforts covering the last five years, as well as many efforts in the pipeline that are either direct ICM studies, projects, or programs or indirectly relate to ICM, such as broad scope sectoral efforts (e.g. coastal water pollution control and water supply projects) or marine protected areas). The 17 sub-national efforts on lakes of international significance includes the State CZM Programs of Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, and Ohio as well 2 National Estuarine Research Reserves (one on Lake Superior and one on the St. Lawrence River). The State CZM Programs of New York and Pennsylvania were not included in the count although their programs front on Lake Ontario and Erie, respectively. However, both New York and Pennsylvanias Programs also front on the Atlantic coast. The extensive planning and management efforts for Lake Baikal and Lake Tahoe are also included in Table 3.2. Both of these lakes have international significance both because of their exceptional environmental characteristics and resources as well as the important role they have played in planning and management of lakes and their associated drainage basins. There may be a number of ICM efforts among these 26 lakes. Research work was not done to determine if any of these lakes had an ICM effort.
6 5 4 3 2 1
A permit can be required, for example, for the proposed construction of a new or a significantly modified garage or outbuilding to an existing house.
8
7
The intention of including local coastal plans, such as the 73 that are a major component of the California Coastal Management Program is mentioned in the Introduction to Annex C.
The disparity in the staffing and total budgets is to a large degree, a function of the differences in the size of the respective planning areas as well as the size of the population within of the planning areas. The planning and regulatory area of the California Coastal Management Program is 6,500 km2, and includes a population of 2 approximately a million people. Bluenose ACAP, by comparison has a planning area of 325 km and approximately 8,000 people within the planning area. Coastal nations or states can include those that border on lakes of international significance, such as the coastal states that are within the U.S. Coastal Zone Management Program, but only border on the Great Lakes or Lake Champlain (i.e. Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Vermont, and Wisconsin). An oceanic coastal nation or state, by contrast, borders on an estuary or marine water body that has open maritime access (i.e. not constricted by a canal, or an extensive system of river channels) to the worlds oceans and seas.
10
9
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However, in developing nations, the funding for program initiation, preparation, and adoption usually comes as non-reimbursable grants from international assistance institutions. Sections 8 and 9 raise the point that when free foreign assistance (funds and as well as technical expertise) is largely responsible for the preparation of a nations (or sub-national units) ICM program, there is a high likelihood that the program will not be sustained by the nation (and/or sub-national units) with its own resources into the long and politically charged implementation phase if free foreign assistance is no longer the programs major source of support. Sovereign nations, almost always, are the only signatories to international agreements. For example, in Table C4, France, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom are the signatories on behalf of their semi-sovereign states or states (e.g. Turks and Caicos, Montserrat, Aruba, Bonaire, Martinique, and Guadeloupe) in the Caribbean Environmental Program. Angola, Bahrain, Bosnia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo Democratic Republic, Congo Republic, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Iraq, Kuwait, Monaco, Liberia, Libya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Qatar, Somalia, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Tonga, United Arab Republic, Vanuatu, and Yugoslavia/Montenegro. Over the last two years, the Center for the Study of Marine Policy at the University of Delaware, in conjunction with NOAA, IOC, World Bank, and GPA, has posted a listing of nations and descriptions of national ICM efforts on NOAAs website. The sections title is: Integrated Coastal Management: An International Priority. Most of the information on the ICM efforts are from coastal nations Sustainable Development Reports that were submitted to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development in 1998. The required section on coastal and ocean management in the Sustainable Development Reports is usually short and sketchy or absent. More important, each coastal nations report focuses, with very few exceptions, on what is occurring at the national level of governance. Rarely is any mention made of sub-national ICM efforts. This is an obvious shortcoming since one of the major findings derived from the database of ICM efforts is that there are over three times as many ICM efforts at the subnational levels of governance than at the national level. For example, Australias entry is a four-page history of ICM initiatives by the Commonwealth. There is no mention in Australias entry of the 18 ICM efforts that are occurring at sub-national levels (see Table C-1). Similarly, the entry for the United Kingdom is a three page descriptive history of a few national actions and laws that have varying degrees of relevance to ICM. There is no mention in U.K.s entry of the 34 ICM efforts that are occurring at sub-national levels (see Table C-1). It should be noted, however, that many of the ICM efforts at the sub-national levels in Australia and the U.K. had not been initiated at the time when each nations Sustainable Development Report was written in 1997 or 1998. The Esturiales Program, Gulf of Fonseca, Gulf of Naples, Puget Sound and Georgia Basin, Rio Plata, Schelde Estuary, St. Croix River, San Juan River, and the Tijuana Drainage Basin, River and Estuary. Generally almost all rivers and streams on small high islands are short and have a steep gradient. If these islands are subject to heavy rainfall events, it is imperative to the plan and manage all the islands watersheds in order to the prevent massive inputs of nutrient and sediment pollution into coastal waters, This is particularly true if the coastal waters (and associated beaches and/or corals) are the islands primary touristic and recreational attraction as well as important fishery areas.
17 18 16 15 14 13 12
11
Section 9 will be the Third Iteration of this Report.
The California Coastal Commission jurisdiction does not include San Francisco Bay. Most of Californias 73 coastal jurisdictions are divided into planning segments. Presently, there are 125 segments.
19
The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and UNESCO have funded a program on mega-cities and ICZM.
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6. A comparison of ICM governance arrangements
Over the last twelve years, a number of practitioners and academics have sought a typology (or organizing framework) that would delineate comparative strengths and weaknesses among ICM governance arrangements. An international review of ICM efforts at the national and subnational levels indicates two important variables that can be used to make comparative assessments among ICM governance arrangements: Regulatory and planning boundaries, and, Reliance on planning, or on regulation, or a combination of planning and regulation. In respect to regulatory and planning boundaries, Figure 6.1 presents four divisions (or tiers) that have commonly been used by ICM efforts.1 Annex A explains each of these tiers in more detail. A. Coastal waters: the area measured oceanward from a tidal and/or tidal influence mark and/or salinity mark to an offshore boundary. B. Coastline (shoreline): generally, the area between mean high and mean low tides. A number of ICM efforts have expanded this area by extending it ocean-ward to average extreme low tide and extending it inland to the average limit of extreme high tides and/or coastal flooding and/or the inland extent of beach and/or dune vegetation (i.e. to the seaward extent of permanent vegetation). C. Immediate coastlands (commonly called shorelands): the area extending landward from inland limit of the coastline to an arbitrary distance inland set by law. In ICM efforts, the arbitrary distance inland varies between 8 and 1,000 meters in order to achieve one or more of the following benefits: provide long-shore and cross-shore public access, provide a public recreation area with exceptional amenities, control pollution of coastal waters (e.g. septic tanks), protect, restore or enhance visual quality, or reduce/prevent the costs associated with shoreline erosion (the retreat option). D. Interior coastlands: the area in which land uses can have a direct and significant impact on coastal resources or environments. Ideally the inland limit would be all the lands in a coastal watershed -- the use of which would have a direct and significant impact(s) on coastal waters.
The division of a coast into four tiers enables the distinction between an integrated coastal management program (ICM) and an integrated coastal zone management effort (ICZM). ICM is the most inclusive name for the management of coastal waters and/or coastlines, and/or coastal lands. The jurisdiction of an integrated coastal management effort can include planning and/or regulation of just the coastal, or just the coastline, or just the immediate coastlands. ICM can also include the planning and/or regulation of two, three, or four adjoining tiers. By contrast, an integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) or coastal zone management program (CZM)
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must include three tiers: a coastal waters area, the coastline, and at least the immediate coastlands area. The four tiers depicted in Figure 6.1 should be placed in context with legal boundaries (as set by international conventions or national laws), as well as boundaries not set by law or international conventions but commonly used around the world. This is illustrated in Figure A-1, Annex A.
Figure 6.1: Types of Integrated Coastal Management based on Geographic Coverage, Regulation and Planning
The second factor depicted by the Figure is the extent to which an ICM or ICZM effort is involved in regulation and/or planning. Four distinctions are made: 1. Integrated direct regulation only (e.g. Spain's and Turkey's program), 2. Integrated planning and direct regulation (e.g. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority [GRMPA] and many of the state CZM programs done under the USCZMA), 3. Integrated planning and indirect regulation (such as state CZM programs in Connecticut, Florida, and Massachusetts), and 4. Integrated planning only (such as the planning program for the Venice Lagoon and watershed and UNEPs Regional Sea Action Plans).
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The distinction between direct and indirect regulation is whether the lead unit of government directly issues permits for proposed coastal development or depends (i.e. indirect) on permit letting by other agencies in order to implement its ICM of CZM plans and policies. In the U.S., a CZM program with indirect regulation by the lead agency is commonly referred to as a networking arrangement. Figure 6.1 produces the following nine types of ICM or ICZM efforts: 1. Integrated direct regulation only of the immediate coastland, the coastline and inshore waters (e.g. Spain and Turkey). 2. Integrated planning and direct regulation of only the coastline, inshore waters, and an offshore area (e.g. the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority), 3. Integrated planning and direct regulation of the coastline and all coastal waters to the limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone (e.g. Netherlands program for managing its total ocean area, which is the same as its EEZ), 4. Integrated planning and direct regulation includes only the coastline and immediate coastlands and integrated planning only extends into the interior coastlands. No regulation or planning for inshore waters (e.g. Costa Rica), 5. Integrated planning and direct regulation extends across the immediate coastlands, the coastline, and into the coastal waters and integrated planning only extends into interior coastlands (e.g. Israel, Washington State, and the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission [SFBCDC], and Sri Lanka), and 6. Integrated planning and direct regulation extends across all four tiers (e.g. California, Fraser River Estuary, North Carolina), 7. Integrated planning and indirect regulation extends across all four tiers (e.g. Connecticut, Florida and Massachusetts), 8. Only integrated planning extends across all four tiers (e.g. Brazil, Venice Lagoon, the Baltic Sea Program, and Priority Action Plans of the Mediterranean Regional Seas Programme), and 9. Integrated planning extends only from the coastline into coastal waters (e.g. most of the UNEPs Regional Seas Programs). In the Figure, it should be noted that in types 3, 4, and 5, there are ICM efforts that are listed twice in different parts of the diagram. The efforts that are located in two places in Figure 6.1are in italics font. The placement in two parts of the diagram and in italic font indicates that the ICM effort has a split between tiers where it has regulatory and planning authority and another tier or two where it only has integrated planning authority. There are three types of splits: 1) direct regulation in coastline and immediate coastlands (e.g. Costa Rica) or 2) direct regulation in coastal waters and the coastline (e.g. GBRMPA) or 3) direct regulation of coastal waters, the coastline and the immediate coastland and only integrated planning in interior coastlands (e.g. Washington State) with the exception of GRMPA, that conducts only integrated planning in both the immediate and interior coastlands Another type of governance arrangement (for a total of 10 types) could be added for ICM efforts that only plan and regulate the coastline usually for
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erosion and flood control. An example is shorelines management in the Canadian Great Lakes.
23
This proposed typology, like almost all typologies has limitations. The listing of nine types of ICM governance is based on only two variables. As Section 8 (common challenges) points out, there are many more variables that influence the success and failure of ICM efforts. For example, one of the most important differences among ICM efforts is the scope and powers of direct regulation, particularly permit-letting. A few programs require a permit for all significant development in their area of direct regulation (e.g. California Coastal Commission and the GBRMPA). It is much more common, however, for exemptions to be made in direct regulation for projects of a small size or a particular type of development, such as agriculture. Washington State, for example, exempts single-family houses in the immediate coastland (200 feet inland from MHT) from obtaining a permit. In North Carolina, agricultural development is usually exempt from the States CZM regulation.4 Despite the limitation of using only two variables to create the typology, it can be used to make comparative assessments of the some of the important strengths and weaknesses among different governance arrangements used by ICM efforts. Clearly, a governance arrangement that can only engage in integrated planning, but does not have direct or indirect regulatory authority to implement their plans and policies, have had -- and will have -- implementation problems, such as UNEP's Regional Seas Programme.5 Furthermore, a governance arrangement that has direct regulatory authority should have greater potential for having their plans and policies implemented than institutions that must rely on the regulatory authority of other institutions (the network approach). However, an analysis of the perceptions of the performance of state coastal zone management programs in the United States indicated that there was no significant difference in performance between networking 6 states (type 5) and states with programs based on a single comprehensive coastal law (type 6). ICM efforts -- such as in Turkey and Spain -- that rely only on direct and/or indirect regulation and do not engage in integrated planning can not adequately manage coastal systems -particularly the control of cumulative impacts. Planning is also needed as the means to build community-based support for a program.
Endnotes
1
The four-tier division is based on the results of a global survey of ICZM efforts done by the Coastal Resources Center at the University of Rhode Island in 1995. This survey was also the source for most of the information on national or sub-national differences in respect to regulation, indirect regulation, and planning. Lawrence and Nelson, 1992. Shoreline is used in this Report for freshwater bodies and coastline for tidal saltwater bodies.
2 3
Color could be used in the diagram to indicate the degree that the ICM efforts offer exemptions. For example, an ICM efforts name in red would indicate very few exemptions. If the name is in blue, it indicates that the regulatory power applies only to a few types of development. Also, endnote numbers could be given to each ICM effort listed in Figure 6.1. The endnote would specify the scope and/or exemptions in the regulatory authority.
4
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5 6
Jacobsenn, 1995, and Sorensen, 1995. Knecht, Robert, Cicin-Sain, and Fisk, 1996.
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7. Guidance literature on ICM as an international practice
During the 1990s, a significant body of general guidance literature on ICM as an international practice was produced. Annex F is a content analysis of 29 such documents, articles or books. The pattern of repetition in the Annex indicates that an ICM dogma has emerged over the last thirteen years. The primary purpose of 18 (of the 29) documents was to provide comprehensive guidance for ICM as an international practice. Seven documents provide international guidance in context with a particular topic, such as institutional arrangements, applied science and ICM, and lessons learned from ICM efforts in the tropics. Two of the documents are textbooks on ICM. Content analysis of the 29 documents leads to the following conclusions:
The directives and findings (collectively termed dimensions) in the guidance documents can be divided into six groupings: 1) inherent aspects, 2) principles, 3) steps in ICM cycle1, 4) general components, 5) specific techniques (or means), and 6) challenges (or impediments, or process issues), There is general consensus on ICMs inherent aspects, principles, and steps in the cycle of program development and redevelopment,2 Most of the ICM international guidance dogma is simply conventional wisdom and best practices in respect to integrated planning and democratic governance. Almost of all the dimensions listed in Annex are equally applicable to all the other types of integrated environmental planning and/or sustainable development, In general, the twenty-two principles in Annex are not built on testable hypotheses. The great majority of the guidance dogma has not been systemically evaluated using wellknown social science techniques. The dogma can be characterized as "based on our experience, we believe our paradigm is right, it usually works, and we do not know of any other paradigm that would be more effective or efficient. Relatively little of the ICM dogma has been questioned, much less refuted, at least in print,3 With the exception of challenges (impediments), most of the dimensions are being repeated in the general guidance literature. Most of the documents make it appear that most dimensions identified are the authors discoveries and that relatively few dimensions had been previously identified and addressed in the literature, International assistance institutions have commissioned or written most of the international guidance literature. Most of the dogma was written for developing nations - although most of it is also applicable to developed nations. This is an understandable situation, given the basic investment concern of a donor that good guidance is needed to design, prepare, and implement the ICM efforts that they fund in order to increase the probability of success (as the donor defines success). The donor, of course, wants to claim that their investment in ICM efforts was money well spent, Many challenges to ICM (outlined in Section 8) are not listed in Annex. The majority of
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the guidance documents, particularly those before 1996, only expressed what should be done and why. They did not identify -- and perhaps they did not know -- the many challenges that would be encountered in the course of following (or trying to follow) the guidelines. The next Section makes the point that there is a significant difference between the relatively few challenges confronting all coastal nations and states, and the many additional challenges confronting developing nations and states (the latter are Dimensions I-7 through I-30 in Annex F).
There is little further need for additional general and comprehensive guidance documents on ICM as an international practice in respect to inherent aspects, principles, and steps in the development cycle. There is now an established dogma on these three types of dimensions. Ideally, if an institution or an author wishes to prepare another general guidance document on ICM as an international practice, Annex F (or its successors) should be used as a reference point. If there are any new documents on the subject, they should address the question: Are there additional aspects, principles, or steps that either should be added, refuted, or the significant changes be made to the wording?
Annex F should be distributed to the authors of the 29 documents for their review and comments. It is expected that both a number of xs will be added and deleted in the matrix, as well as a number of dimensions will be added or reworded. The authors will also probably suggest a number of documents that should be added to the Annex. Moreover, several new guidance documents on ICM as an international practice were produced since the content analysis was done in the spring of 2000. The review and comment process should also ask the author(s) to check those dimensions that were not identified in their document but should be in the matrix.4 The response to this question may produce a matrix with most cells filled with connection symbols. If this occurs it would indicate that there is both a high degree of consensus among ICM specialists and demonstrate that an ICM dogma has formed. A listing of ICM dimensions should be very useful in national and international information exchange. For example, in Annex F, each cell in the matrix that indicates a connection between a document and a dimension can be keyed by number to indicate if the document has an indepth discussion of the particular dimension, or merely identifies and briefly discusses the dimension. Also an endnote number could be added to each dimension in the matrix. The endnote would identify the key literature on that particular dimension. Furthermore, those ICM dimensions with information exchange networks should be added to the Index of ICM Topics (see Section 10). Although there is little further need for additional general guidance on ICM as an international practice, there is a need in most coastal nations -- particularly developing nations -- for guidance on:
General types of development (uses) and/or associated actions/activities (e.g. dredging and dredging spoil disposal) that routinely generate adverse environmental or socioeconomic impacts within the coastal zone. Coastal tourism, mariculture, urban expansion, second-home subdivisions, coastal forestry, agricultural practices in coastal watersheds, dredging and dredge spoil disposal, sewage treatment, and oil and gas exploitation are currently, and will continue to be, the types of development or
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actions/activities generating the most significant and pervasive impacts in the world's coastal zone, 5
Planning and/or engineering options to reduce or eliminate the devastation wrought by different types of coastal hazards. The control of coastal erosion and protection from the devastation wrought by ocean-born storms (particularly hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons) are -- by far -- the most common reason for building most coastal engineering works -- with their attendant adverse environmental impacts, and 6 Planning and management for the common types of coastal environmental systems (e.g. coral atolls, mangroves, beaches and dunes, estuaries) or climatic regions (e.g. tropics, polar). The guidelines should include development types and their associated actions/activities that commonly occur in a type of coastal environment -- such as coral and lagoon systems in context with tourism, recreation, sport fishing, commercial fishing, and research or mangrove systems in context with sustainable forestry, mariculture, tourism, and sustainable use of mangrove resources and associated fisheries or wildlife as sustenance and income for local communities.7
The guidelines should be connected to current examples that illustrate in real world terms (such as non-biased case studies) how development and engineering can be planned and constructed in concert with best ICM principles and practices. Since there already are a number of guidance publications on specific types of coastal development, types of coastal engineering, and types of coastal environments; the drafting of new guidance materials should build on this work. An assessment should be done to determine to what extent the guidelines should be different for developing nations, given limited funds and technical expertise, such as low-tech means for hazard control or the need to mitigating adverse environmental impacts. Nations with a large length of coastal zone that contain a mix of extensive types of development and natural resources, relatively pristine environments, and a highly varied coastal geography -such as Brazil -- should consider preparing their own set of guidelines to cover the relevant topics listed above. All guidelines specific to types of coastal development, control of coastal hazards, or types of coastal environments should be entered in the Index of ICM Topics database (Section 10). It is also expected that all the types of guidelines listed above would be incorporated into the Index of Issues, model planning approaches, and model techniques for planning and/or management (see Section 5). Endnotes
1 2
. For some reason I cant get rid of end note i.
The cycle consists of initiation, preparation, adoption and funding, implementation, evaluation, and revision. The revision step may be the start of a new cycle (with the except of the initiation step). Expand this endnotes on why consultants and practitioners are: too busy to write critical assessments, usually there is no money in writing critical assessment and therefore it is an opportunity cost, dont bite the hand that feeds you. Refer to section 9. . These additions would be marked with a different symbol (i.e. not an x).
3
4
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5
ADD examples as footnotes or as an annex such as New Brunswicks Guidelines on mariculture. Is there an adequate set of guidelines now (i.e. existing ones adequate and/or are there common types of coastal development or associated actions/activities without guidelines)?
ADD examples as an annex. Is there an adequate set of guidelines now on hazard control and management (i.e. existing ones adequate and/or are there common types of coastal hazards or hazard control techniques without guidelines)?
5
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8. Common challenges to ICM
After thirty-five years of ICM efforts around the world, the practice has developed a reasonably good understanding of the approaches, key principles and guidelines, frameworks and techniques for organizing and implementing programs, and it is beginning to benefit from collective experience. However, in comparison to other forms of planning and management, ICM -- in the Year 2000 -- is faced with a rather extensive list of challenges that must be overcome, if ICM, as a distinct form of environmental planning and management, is to produce desired outcomes that are needed in our coastal zones. These major challenges are organized into eight groupings. The listing of challenges was intended to focus discussions in the workshops at Coastal Zone Canada 2000. Common challenges could also be used at international and national workshops, conferences and academic analyses that are convened to improve the practice of ICM.
Defining the common challenges and the means to overcome them
ICM is a long and tiring swim against a continuous current of political and socio-economic interests with short-term visions, usually tending to protect the status quo. Program initiation, preparation, adoption, and implementation invariably will take far longer and require far more financial and non-financial resources than originally expected and planned. Review of the ICM literature, environmental planning literature and international development literature indicates that there are many challenges to preparing and implementing integrated plans of any kind, particularly in developing nations. Most of the challenges are common to good governance for all public sectors (e.g. health care or education). In the list below, the challenges to good governance in general are marked with an asterisk. Many of the challenges are specific to environmental planning and management (no asterisk). None of the challenges are specific to ICM, with the possible exception that ICM involves planning and managing the greatest number of physical systems, as well as some of the most complex environmental systems in existence.
8.1. Challenges to all nations and sub-national units of government Information and predictability
Modeling complex systems in order to make adequate impact assessments. There is usually inadequate time series data, as well as an absence of appropriate accurate predictive models, to assess with reasonable certainty: the potential impacts of development proposals, the consequences of alternative planning or management policies, or to monitor and evaluate completed or ongoing programs and projects.*
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Costs, benefits and their incidence among stakeholders.
The "tragedy of the commons". Many coastal resources are common property (such as fish, coastal aquifers, and coastal waters) and therefore selfishly exploited without appropriate regard for other users, or for maintaining a level of sustainable use. Placing socioeconomic values on not-directly-measurable qualities (e.g. rare and endangered species, bio-diversity, and esthetics). These not-directly-measurable qualities are usually benefits. Non-quantifiable benefits are usually at a disadvantage -- or dismissed -- at public policy and decision-making meetings when they are compared with the costs that are usually directly measurable and have evident political implications (e.g. employment, income generation). The incidence and significance of benefits and costs among stakeholders. Usually the costs are large and significant (such as a reduction in property value or diminished profits anticipated if proposed coastal development were allowed) to a small number of influential stakeholders [commonly elites]. By contrast, the benefits are usually spread broadly to the public at-large and/or to relatively non-influential stakeholders (since they are usually not organized into institutions with skillful lobbying capabilities). The disparity in the flow and appearance of costs and benefits over time. Costs are usually immediate (such as loss of existing or potential employment) and benefits that usually takes years to become evident (such as rebuilding a fishery or an endangered species population). * Elected governments' reluctance to consider costs and benefits beyond their term in office. Many -- if not most -- of the benefits from integrated environmental planning and management take many years to demonstrate results that the public can readily see and appreciate, such as reforested watershed or matured mangrove plantations. ICM -- like integrated environmental programs, in general, do not have the immediate turn key effect of a highly visible structure or products -- such as politicians gathered around for a photo opportunity as they flip the switches that release the water from the new reservoir (and the new dam built to create it) to shoot into generators that can light up a town. * Lack of high-level support for ICM -- particularly in terms of powers and budget -because the benefits of the effort are not conveyed in compelling socioeconomic terms that resonate with the interests of voters and the officials they elect.
Institutional and legal arrangements
Vague and/or contradictory language in laws, decrees, or regulations. Vague and/or contradictory language in enabling acts often create programs with objectives that are not sufficiently specific to establish indicators for monitoring and evaluating programs and projects. * The laws and regulations are inadequate to provide the ICM program with: 1) an institutional arrangement that can achieve all the necessary dimensions of integration, 2) a set of clear, measurable and non-conflicting objectives to resolve the motivating issues, and 3) the necessary powers and budget to resolve the motivating issues. *
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The ICM institutional arrangements and resources are not adequate to break through empire-building and competitive strategies by sectors of government and their supporting stakeholders who perceive that ICM threatens their vested interests. * Weak cross-sectoral institutional arrangements. Over-reliance on the command-and-control approach for program implementation. Planning is fragmented into arbitrarily-politically established geographic areas, especially without adequate regard to the boundaries and dynamics of environmental systems (e.g. watersheds). Inadequate annual budget. The governments annual budget making process provides the ICM effort with funds that are far lower than requested in order to adequately prepare and/or implement the effort.
Distribution and access to power
Pro-development institutions have far greater access to decision-makers and policymakers than do pro-conservation groups and institutions. Pro-development institutions usually dominate over pro-conservation institutions in public fora since they can afford to pay staff and hire experts to continually represent their interests at public and private meetings. * Laws to protect private property rights constrain planning and implementation options. Laws, procedures, and costs deter public interest groups from taking actions to enforce environmental protection and quality laws.
8.2. Additional challenges that commonly occur in developing nations and newly industrialized nations. Demographics
The nation's governance capacity is severely constrained by many and often deep divisions among its population (e.g. race, religion, ethnic group, linguistic group, socioeconomic class, or desire for regional autonomy). * Basic human survival needs (e.g. adequate food, adequate shelter) for the most impoverished populations often preclude almost any attempts to conserve coastal resources and protect coastal environments. Furthermore the impoverished classes (particularly squatters) often can find space to build their shelters only in hazard prone areas (e.g. steep hillsides prone to landslides, river flood plains, or immediate shoreland areas that are periodically swept clean by ocean born storms).
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Increases in population among the lowest income groups nullify socioeconomic and environmental gains achieved by planning, management and development improvements.
The culture of decision-making and the implementation of decisions
The governance is dominated by a relative small group of elites who control the majority of the nation's capital and productive land. * The governance is characterized by a closed culture of decision-making by the elites who actively discourage open and transparent decision-making. * Absence of a free press as well as access to "public" information. * High illiteracy rates limit public understanding of, and involvement in, governance. * Relatively little decentralization of power to lower levels of governance, particularly the local communities and/or resource users, who usually ultimately determine the success or failure of sustainable development efforts. * Many or most governing elites are concerned with maximizing short-term profits and not with the benefits that will accrue from resources conservation over the long term. * Environmental issues are a low priority among the governing elite compared to all development opportunities that will increase their familys wealth and power. Many forms of corruption strongly influence all aspects of governance, particularly decisions made in "the public interest." Government service is seen mainly as an opportunity to gain wealth and power. * Little or no tradition with establishing and sustaining democratic institutions (such as public participation arrangements) and practices (e.g. public hearings) that may threaten the status quo. * Small and relatively weak or no non-governmental organizations for conservation and sustainable development since they have -- or will -- threaten the status quo. Furthermore, it is against the law in many peoples democratic nations to establish any type of NGO that is only within the nation. Usually in such nations, international NGOs -- such as IUCN and WWF -- are allowed to have project offices but not to form or support a semiautonomous constituency organization within the nation. Obviously in nations where either: 1) NGOs are closely monitored so that they do not openly demonstrate or speak out against the initiation of programs or projects that will have evident and significant adverse environmental, socioeconomic, and equity impacts or 2) autonomous or semi-autonomous NGO can not be formed, it is difficult, if not impossible, to form a large and broad based constituency for natural resources conservation and the protection of naturally functioning ecosystems, as well as sustainable development.
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Lax enforcement of and compliance with laws and regulations, particularly those that adversely affect elites. *
Institutional capacity
Government institutions responsible for environmental quality and natural resources conservation were largely created at the behest of one or more members of the international assistance community. These national or sub-national institutions are relatively weak and powerless compared to the much older, well staffed, and politically wellentrenched units of government that advocate development which will benefit their own bureaucratic self-interests as well as the elites and the status quo. * Weak or no cross-sectoral institutional arrangements, and therefore no successful analogs or capability building in cross-sectoral integration. Difficulty in hiring competent in-country staff because of low pay and poor working conditions. Individuals with needed skills and education go abroad for education and experience and usually stay abroad (brain drain). * Difficulty in hiring competent and skilled in-country program managers (low wages and/or inadequate education/training). Over-reliance on the skills and inputs of foreign consultants. The foreign assistance program does not build adequate local capacity to sustain the program when donor assistance is decreased or withdrawn -- and the foreign consultants leave the country. Lack of appropriate technology required for planning, management, monitoring and evaluation (e.g., GIS, equipment and laboratory for water quality and pollution assessment) and/or staff capable of using it and/or maintaining it. *
Information base
Land tenure is difficult to establish, survey and map. Absence of basic valid information needed for planning and management (e.g. topographic contour maps, or appropriate, valid water quality and pollution data, or demographic data). The list of challenges in developing nations provides a very clear demonstration of why ICM efforts usually spend considerable time and resources on building institutional and professional capacity. In many programs the resources expended on resolving the issues that motivated program initiation are drained away for capacity building activities. Capacity building takes time, particularly if it is community-based. Capacity building usually requires a long term involvement of ICM practitioners with the local coastal stakeholders so that: 1) they own the ICM planning and management arrangement since it was built on community consensus and, 2) they have a very good understanding why their local ICM plan is in their families and communities best long term interests.
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The list of challenges also explains why there are so few -- if any -- successful ICM selfsustaining efforts in developing nations, particularly after international assistance is phased down or terminated. One true test of the worth of an ICM effort is the willingness of government units (national, state/provincial, regional, and/or local) to fund the program if and when external assistance funds are phased out. Almost all public policy programs make compelling arguments about how a significant increase in budget would result in an effective and efficient achievement in program objectives. Compared to national and international budgets for many worthy objects such as family planning or city and regional planning, the ICM program usually has a comparatively small budget (when measured at either the national or international level). There are a number of reasons for ICMs budget despair. The ICM community has not made a compelling socioeconomic case for its needs to individuals and organizations that control or strongly influence the funding of the ICM program.1 The ICM community has not developed a performance assessment process and system that can place the program in a higher standing than competing programs. There has been a general reluctance to constructively work with the private sector to produce joint gains in sustainable development projects and programs. At a national or a sub-national level, it is usually difficult -- and often nearly impossible -- to organize and maintain a large and multiinterest influential support constituency for ICM. Salt water is not a glue that can join all the stakeholders that have a vested interest in coastal resources and environments. It will always be a challenge to find a common ground between stakeholders with vested interests in the non-sustainable development and exploitation sectors (e.g. ports, oil and gas, intensive tourism, mariculture, large scale commercial fisheries, and hazard protection works) and pro-conservation stakeholders that promote sustainable development and protected areas. Furthermore, within most of the coastal-oriented sectors there are deep conflicts such as among different types of fishing operations, between industrial and artisanal fisheries, between commercial fishing and sport fishing, between hard and soft approaches to coastal erosion and/or flood control, among different types of coastal tourism, and between uses allowed in protected areas. Coastal waters and shorelands are, in fact, ideal incubators for breeding conflicts among stakeholders. Salt water is, in fact, a solvent.
8.3. ICZM is not appropriate for many nations or states
One or more politically compelling, environmental or socioeconomic conditions are needed in a nation or sub-national unit as a precondition for initiating and preparing an ICM effort. In many coastal nations or sub-national units, an ICM effort would not be a prudent investment in resources because of the absence of the socioeconomic conditions that are needed to justify the considerable costs and long time period required to prepare and implement an ICM program.2 A coastal nation or sub-national unit should not prepare an ICM program if one or more of the following factors does not have a strong influence on its economy and culture: Coastal dependent fisheries and fishers, Mariculture or mariculture development potential,
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Coastal tourism (international) and recreation, and/or the potential for international coastal tourism, Mangrove forestry, Coastal environments (e.g. wetlands, estuaries or coral systems) of international importance (such a important habitats for migratory birds, rare and endangered species, and areas of exceptional biodiversity) and, Coastal hazards. Of course, the compelling socioeconomic and political importance of CZM to a nation or subnational unit increases both with the number of factors and the relative political and socioeconomic importance of each factor. In a number of developing nations, political, social, and economic conditions (such as civil strife/war or pandemic corruption) reduce the governance capacity far below the minimum level necessary for ICM. In most nations or sub-national units, ICM requires democratic institutions for the successful preparation and implementation of a program, particularly if it is to be largely sustained by the nation and/or sub-national unit(s) with their own resources when international donor support is significantly reduced or terminated. Democratic institutions are also required if the program is going to use community-based management as an approach for the preparation and implementation of plans, policies, and programs.
Endnotes
1 2
. In the final or next edition there will be a graphic on the socioeconomic benefits of ICZM. . This point will be connected with the information noted in the endnote above.
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ANNEX C: Introduction to the four Tables on ICM efforts
What has been included as an ICM effort.
The four Tables now include any effort with a title (and, to a large extent description of variable length) that indicates the focus was is -- or will be (i.e. in the pipeline) -- an integrated coastal and/or ocean management/planning project or program or extensive inquiry/study or recently enacted law.1 These then, are self-proclaimed efforts, and consequently a number of them may prove to be just wishful thinking, empty promises, or paper exercises. However, making lists of efforts recorded in the literature and/or websites is the only way to start building a database. Entries with a question mark were not included in the total count of ICM efforts or the total count of coastal nations2. Each effort with a question mark will be contacted to establish their existence and status. The great majority of the 698 listings in the Tables are real efforts, not just a name since they are well known projects or programs that are connected with a wellrecognized institution(s). Section 3 mentions the continual (and inherent) challenge of distinguishing an ICM effort from both broad scope sectoral planning/management and comprehensive environmental planning/management. Actually, as depicted by Figure C.1, the determination out what is -- and what is not -- an ICM effort usually requires deciding what options a nation or sub-national government have selected to resolve the motivating issues. Figure C.1 depicts the three most common options. The selection of the letters A, B, and C to distinguish among the three options has no meaning either in respect to priority or to relative frequency. Option A. Comprehensive environmental planning program (such as a National Environmental Action Plan) or Comprehensive Planning (in general) with environmental planning as an integrated component. Common examples are Town and Country Planning in the U.K and most of the British Commonwealth nations and SSSs). At the present time, Table C-1 does usually does not include efforts in which ICM has been totally, or almost totally subsumed into a nation-wide, state-wide, or sub-state comprehensive planning/management program. In Figure C.1, this is Option A. It appears to be the most common option employed by small island nations or state to resolve coastal issues.3 This arrangement is common used for coastal planning and management on small island nations and states since it is difficult, if not impossible, to set an inland boundary for the coastal zone. As pointed out in Section 3, small island nations or states are essential a coastal zone that has been wrapped around the islands entire terrestrial lands and coastal waters. With the exception of a number of is small island nations or SSSs, Tables C-1, C-2 and C-3, in this First Iteration, do not include comprehensive general planning /management or comprehensive environmental planning programs. There are many continental coastal locations such as the Cape Cod Commission and the Cape Cod Plan or the Long Island Regional Planning Authority and various land use and zoning plans that address coastal management issues. With the exception of islands nations or states perhaps coastal nations with a relative short coastline -- It is conjectural whether comprehensive general planning and management efforts even if they effectively address and resolve all significant coastal issues -- a will be inputted into either Iteration Two or the Interactive Online Database of ICM Efforts.
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Figure C.1: The distinction among ICZM planning and management approaches.
Comprehensive environmental planning +/or Comprehensive planning
Option A
Broad scope sectoral planning (optional)
Typical sectoral planning and management
<1>
Option B
Broad scope sectoral planning
Typical sectoral planning and management
Broad scope sectoral planning
Typical sectoral planning and management
The inclusion of Option A programs -- particularly General Comprehensive Plans and Programs is function of additional resources needed to cover the considerable amount of time to identify such efforts because of both their vast number and determining the extent to which each effort has -- or does not have -- policies, plans and powers to adequately address and effectively resolve all the significant coastal management issues that occur within unit of governments area of jurisdiction. Option B. Comprehensive environmental planning program (such as a National Environmental Action Plan) or Comprehensive Planning with ICM as a distinct component. A well-known example of this option is the coastal counties in the U.K (e.g. Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Durham, Essex and Kent) that have created an ICM component within the context of the Countys (and their respective local coastal Councils) Town and Country Planning and Management Program (as mandated by national law). The State of Oregon (in the USA) has a state-wide law that requires all local governments to prepare and implement a land use plan its associated zoning ordinances. The local land use plans and zoning ordinances are prepared and implemented according to the States specific objectives and policies. The city and county governments on Oregons coastal zone have an additional set of policies to follow and specific objectives to achieve. The Oregon approach is one of the three
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Option C
Comprehensive environmental planning +/or Comprehensive planning with a distinct ICZM component
<2>
Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan <3>
specific means provided in the U.S. Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 for states or territories may use implement their CZM program. The Second Iterations database of ICM efforts will include more national environmental planning/management programs that include ICM as an integral but distinctive component. Particular attention will be devoted out identify Option B efforts in small islands nations and states. Option C. A separate (or stand-alone) ICZM Program or Project. In this option the ICM effort is not a distinct component of a comprehensive environmental planning and management program or subsumed into a general comprehensive planning and management program. If the nation or state has either a comprehensive general and/or environmental planning/management program does exist, it is imperative that the ICM/ICZM program or project is integrated with it (as the word, Integrated Coastal Management, obviously implies). Some notable examples of this arrangement around the world are; Canadas Atlantic Coastal Action Program and the 14 local Management Programs or Projects, the California Coastal Commission and the Coastal Management Program, the Costa Rican Institute of Tourism and the Planning and Management of the Marine and Terrestrial Zone (as required by law), Sri Lankas Department of Coastal Conservation and the National Coastal Zone Management Program (created by law in 1976), the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and the Strategic Plan and Zoning of the Great Barrier Reef, and in the Federated States of Micronesia, the Pohnpei State Environmental Protection Agency and the Pohnpei Coastal Resources Management Plan.
Making distinction between Options A and B and between Options B and C.
Tables C-1, C-2, and C-3 have not been reviewed, yet, in order to count how many of the 622 national or sub-national ICM efforts are an Option B or an Option C arrangement. For many -- if not most --of the listings in the Tables, however, it will be no be possible -- at this time -- to make such a distinction. The type of institutional arrangement(s) a nation or state has for ICM planning and management will be determined in the survey stage of developing the interactive database of ICM efforts (as outlined in Section 3). Figure C-1 indicates that a decision is needed at points 1 and 2 to determine whether the ICM effort is an Option A, B, or C, approach. Distinction 1 between Options A and B has been and should be -- relatively easy to make. Either there is a separate section (containing objectives, policies, and the specific means [such as land use plans and zoning] to resolve the significant coastal issues confronting the governance system) within the general comprehensive planning/management effort and/or the comprehensive environmental planning/management effort, or there is not. Making the distinction (indicated by number 2) between whether an ICM effort is Option B or C is, generally, an easy decision. An Option C, the separate integrated coastal zone management effort usually has all or most of the following set of distinguishing components. A law or specific decree (usually from the executive head of the government [e.g. president, prime minister, king] or a specific mandate from the governments legislature, or a combination of both, that is specific to the initiation, preparation and implementation of an ICZM plan or program,
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The law or decree specifies the governance arrangement (particularly the lead institution) which has the specific responsibility for initiating, preparing, and implementing the coastal zone management plan and/or program, A set of goals and objectives that coastal zone management plan and/or program should achieve, A jurisdiction area for planning (usually the landward and oceanward boundaries of the coastal zone), Regulatory powers (usually on an interim basis) to control proposed development in the coastal zone or jurisdictional area, A deadline, or series of deadlines, for the completion of the plan or program for review and a decision by the executive head of government and/or its legislature to act upon its adoption, rejection, or recommendations for revisions in order to produce a program and or/plan that could or might be adopted, and, A budget for at least the initiation, preparation and of the program and/or plan. In developing nations and SSSs the total budget or the majority of the budget is provided by one or more multilateral and bilateral international assistance institutions, (e.g. the Global Environmental Facility, the World Bank, Asia Development Bank, UNDP, USAID, SIDA, ODA, or DANIDA).
Typical sectoral planning/management vs. broad scope sectoral planning and management.
The most difficult distinction and decision to make is not the characterization an ICM effort as one of the three options. The most difficult distinction and decision to make is what is an ICM effort (particularly Option A or B) and what is a broad scope sectoral planning and management effort. Figure C-1 illustrates that both sectoral planning/management (as typically practiced or typical sectoral planning/management) and broad-scope sectoral planning/management can be inputs into all three options. Broad-scope sectoral planning/management often does not occur in Option A. By contrast, broad scope sectoral planning should occur -- to the extent possible -- in Options B and C. Making the distinction between what is an ICM effort and what is a broad scope sectoral planning and management effort for a coastal related sector (such as coastal and marine protected areas, fisheries, point and non-point coastal pollution, coastal tourism and recreation, or coastal hazards) will always be major challenge. Sectoral planning/management efforts are increasingly being done as a broad-scope (or enhanced) program or project.4 For example, many plans and management arrangements for coastal or marine protected areas are multisector efforts (such as a combination of bio-diversity, fishing, and eco-tourism) and should be included (and are included) as an ICM listing in the Tables and the database.5 Furthermore, practitioners involved in broad-scope planning and management of coastal related sectors should be included in ICM information exchange networks since much -- if not most -- of their information needs and/or their information resources are directly pertinent to practitioners operating in "recognized" ICM programs. Once again, the primary purpose of a online, interactive database of ICM efforts is international information exchange, not monitoring the
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number or dynamics of ICM efforts, an important -- but secondary -- benefit.6 Given this primary purpose, for those coastal nations or SSSs for which even one definite ICM effort could not be verified (in other words there would be no effort listed for the nation or the SSS), the policy was, to the extent possible, to identify either a comprehensive general planning and management program or a comprehensive environmental planning and management program that may have either subsumed the ICM approach or included as a defined component. This policy at least provides a contact point to the nation or the SSS to determine in Iteration Two if a bona-fide ICM effort exists, has occurred, or is in the pipeline. The manageability of the proposed online interactive database is the main reason why broad scope planning of coastal related sectors is not included in the Tables. Imagine how large the database would become if all the broad scope planning and management efforts for coastal related sectors were added. The solution to maintaining information exchange among ICM practitioners and practitioners in the planning and management of coastal related sectors is linkages to separate databases. For example, there is a plan to construct an international database of all marine protected areas.7 Every major coastal related sector (or specialization) has developed its own international information exchange networks, including databases. This organizing framework of coastal topic areas is described in Section 10.
Inclusion of landlocked nations.
Table C-1 includes ten nations that are considered landlocked.8 In the practice of ICM, however, the concept of landlocked nations or states has limited relevance. The inclusion of the five Great Lakes states -- with only coastal frontage on one or more of the five Great Lakes -- in the USCZM Program has demonstrated that there are relatively few differences between ICM programs for very large lakes (particularly international lakes) and marine coasts. Most of the issues are the same, and consequently there is a great similarity in planning and management approaches, techniques, and institutional arrangements.9
Inclusion and the exclusion of nations and semi-sovereign states that appear not have any ICM efforts at the national and/or sub-national levels.
At the present time, Table C-1 includes 45 nations and semi-sovereign states that do not appear to have one or more ICM efforts or have only one or more listings that are questionable (as indicated by a question mark). As previously mentioned the efforts in italics and with a question mark are not included in Table 3.1s summary counts. The inclusion of these 45 nations and semi-sovereign states in Table C-1 was done to alert reviewers of information gaps. In other words, these nations or SSSs either have an ICM effort now (which was not detected by the extensive search) or could be expected to have within the near future an ICM effort or a national environmental planning program with an ICM component. By contrast, the 14 nations and semi-sovereign states listed at the end of Table C-1 are not expected to engage in ICM in the near future. There are three reasons for this exclusion expectation: 1) the nations or semisovereign states turbulent political and socio-economic conditions (e.g. no capacity to engage in ICM or any other form of integrated planning and management), 2) the absence of a compelling coastal issue that would motivate the initiation of a program or, 3) a combination of 1 and 2.
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-5
Sources
Many of the listings in Table C-1 derive from the 1993 Roster. In addition, between 150 and 200 web sites were reviewed and many of the listings came from these sources.10 Using the google.com search engine also was a very effective and efficient means for identifying a specific effort in a nation or an SSS, as well as a specific effort in a particular enclosed coastal water body or land-locked sea or lake of international significance. The Second Iteration of ICM efforts will provide a listing of the most informative web sites for identifying and following efforts. It was expected that the web sites of international institutions, which provide assistance to ICM programs and projects would be a good source of information on ICM efforts.11 To date, this has not been the case. A number of colleagues recommended the national reports to the Sustainable Development Commission be reviewed to identify ICM efforts.12 The information in Table C-3 was mainly derived from NOAA and EPA web sites and associated links.
Additional points
The total budget for the Baseline 2000 project could easily have been expended on a further identification of ICM efforts at the national and sub-national levels and the preparation of an interactive database. Efforts that have terminated or been transformed from an ICM effort to something else between 1993 and 2000 will also be included in Table C-1. The comparison between the efforts listed in the 1993 Roster and Table C-1 indicates that at this time approximately 17 efforts either were terminated or were incorporated into other programs -- such as NEAPs. We need to know what becomes of ICM efforts over time, and more importantly the reasons, why there are demises and transformations -- if we are going to decrease the high percentage of failures associated with program adoption and/or implementation.
Endnotes
1
The laws, decrees, and executive orders -- as well as ICM initiatives by international assistance institutions, with or without official standing provided by national laws, decrees, or executive orders -- have generated at least four types of ICM efforts. Nation-wide or state-wide studies to determine if the government should initiate an ICM program or modify one or existing programs in order to resolve apparent coastal issues that are of national and state-wide significance. Such studies take many months or a year or more and conclude with findings and recommendations. They usually include an action plan and an associated set of policies. Notable examples are studies and inquiries done in Australia (as well as number of Australian States), Ireland, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. Tables C-1, C-2, and C-3 will be reviewed to determine how may of these studies have resulted in: 1) Initiation of a full scale ICM program, or 2) Feasibility or case studies, or 3) Pilot, demonstration areas, or learning areas, or 4) Recommendations that an ICM program is not justified and the costal management issues should be resolved by modifications of existing government programs, policies, laws, or regulations. In the Second Iteration, a figure and explanation will be added on the typical evolution of ICM from the initial awareness stage in a nation or SSS through to implementation and evaluation stage (or the decision at the initiation stage or early stages of preparation [such as pilot or feasibility studies that ICM is an inappropriate). The figure now appears in Institutional Arrangements for the Planning and Management of Coastal Resources and Environments (Sorensen and McCreary, 1990)].
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Feasibility studies, and case studies were done for Buenos Aires Province, Colombias Caribbean coast, and the ASEAN pilot projects in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Pilot areas, demonstration areas, learning areas. A large percentage of ICM efforts in the 1993 Roster as well as Tables C-1 and C-2 are this type. By definition, these types of efforts were not undertaken with the primary purpose of adopting and implementing a set of policies (such as an action plan) to ultimately resolve, at a statewide or nation-wide scale, the coastal issues that motivated the ICM initiative. The concept is that pilot, demonstration, or learning areas are a necessary prelude (testing of the waters) to the initiation of a full-scale national or sub-national ICM program. It appears, however, that many -- if not most -- pilot studies, demonstration areas, or learning areas have remained within their original geographic boundaries. Many have failed and ceased to exist at least as an ICM effort. More have become local or small substate, full-scale ICM programs by evolving into the adoption and implementation phases. Concomitantly, almost all or all of these local or sub-state efforts that have evolved into their own ICM programs have not been scaled-up to a statewide or nation-wide program. And as stated, the scaling-up to a nation-wide or statewide ICM program was one of the primary reasons for initiating ICM in the pilot, demonstration, or learning areas. The apparent reasons for the scaling-up problem are discussed in Section 8, Common Challenges to ICM. Programs are established to follow the full policy formulation, adoption and implementation cycle. A law or an executive order initiated the great majority of these full-scale programs.
In many cases, it is difficult to determine whether: 1) An ICM effort is either a national or state wide study or a feasibility or case study, or 2) An ICM effort is either a feasibility or case study or a pilot study, a demonstration area, or a learning area. In other words, these three types of ICM efforts are clusters on a spectrum.
2 3
If the coastal nation or semi-sovereign state only has ICM efforts with question marks.
Five French Overseas Departments (i.e. states) are also included in Table 1 (French Guinea, Guadeloupe, Martinique, New Caledonia, Reunion). They were included because of their island situation and overseas status, and as such, could engage in their own ICM effort apart from what is being done in continental France. Broad scope (or enhanced) sectoral planning considers the actual and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts from other sectors as well as the environmental and socio-economic impacts it may generate on other sectors and interests. Broad scope sectoral planning and management was learned the hard and costly way over the last three decades: a multitude of experiences from countless, costly and largely avoidable adverse socioeconomic and environmental impacts generated by traditional (often characterized as tunnel-visioned or myopic) sectoral planning and management.
5 4
For example, three marine sanctuaries (i.e. marine protected areas) in the United States are included in Table C-3: Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary, and Olympic Peninsula Marine Sanctuary. These were included for two reasons: 1) They are all large and border many kilometers of coastline (the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary also surrounds hundreds of large and small islands [keys]) and 2) the set goals and objectives for each of these Sanctuaries can not be achieved without the integration of a number of broad scope sectoral planning and management efforts -- such as the control of land based pollution, the planning and management of multiple types of fisheries, [both commercial and sport], the planning and management of recreation activities in marine and coastal waters [that often conflict with one another}, and the control and protection of scientific research reserves in both marine and coastal waters. The objectives for constructing a global database of ICM efforts include: Determining what have been the various approaches taken to the integrated planning and management of coastal resources and environments. Are there distinctly different types of efforts (approaches), and if so, what are their comparative advantages and disadvantages? What works, what does not work and why? Learning from experience in respect to: 1) identification and analysis of motivating issues, 2) common planning and management approaches for addressing an issue, 3) common techniques (e.g. GIS, impact assessment, land use plans/zoning), 4) common institutional arrangements (centralized v. networked, advisory v. mandatory/regulatory), 5) inter-governmental units and common challenges associated with each step of the program cycle (e.g. getting on and remaining on the agenda, constituency building and maintenance, 6)
6
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-7
monitoring and assessing achievement, and 7) sustainability as direct foreign aid diminishes. Why have a large number of ICM efforts not been implemented or inadequately implemented? Linking all jurisdictions at all levels of governance that share a common coastal system (e.g. drainage basins of estuaries and bays, migratory bird flyways, trans-boundary fishery stocks and migration routes, large scale marine ecosystems (currents and/or enclosed coastal seas), littoral drift cells, and coastal aquifers. Determining trends in the global practice of ICM. It is clearly growing, as well as diversifying, and the rate of expansion is different among global regions. Since 1993, there has been a rapid expansion in Africa (particularly East and Southeast) and in Europe (particularly as a function of the EU ICZM Demonstration Programmes).
Identifying and inter-connecting ICM efforts directed at the same type of ecosystem, such as: estuaries/lagoons/bays and their associated watershed areas, coral reef systems, small island states, modified mega-deltas, enclosed coastal seas, and large scale marine currents. At the present time a number of national and international government and non-government organizations with a coastal/marine orientation have joined together to produce an online, interactive database on all officially declared marine protected areas around the world. Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Kazakhstan, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, Uganda, and Uzbekistan. A future iteration in the development of the database will include a table that depicts the following distinctions: sovereign marine coastal nations, semi-sovereign marine coastal states, coastal marine states (French Overseas Departments), and sovereign coastal nations on landlocked seas or international lakes.
9 8 7
Large lakes and totally enclosed seas (Caspian and Aral Seas) do have a number of particular issues -- such as rising and falling lake levels and impacts of introduced species. An information exchange network of ICM for international lakes should be developed if one does not exist.
Most of these web sites are on; www.coastalmanagement.com/icm.xls/. The site lists seventy-four web sites associated with ICM. For example, a few months ago the World Bank prepared a database of 204 ICM efforts (both direct and indirect [generally, indirect ICM efforts are broad scope sectoral plans/programs that are intended to produce multiple benefits for the sustainable development of coastal resources and environments and/or minimize the costs associated with coastal hazards.
12 11
10
One hundred and twenty nations submitted reports to the UN Commission on Sustainable Development. Every report was to contain a section on oceans and coasts. Understandably, the eighteen non-coastal nations in the UN either submitted nothing in respect to ocean or coasts or less than half page (essentially a list of ocean related international agreements to which they are a signatory). The median length of a report's ocean and coast section is three pages. The U.S. section is only two pages. Many nations with well-recognized national ICM programs failed to mention the effort in their report. Only 15 of the national reports mentioned an ICM effort, and with one exception, it was only a national-level effort. For example, the Australia report is mute on ICM efforts in the six states and the Northern Territory. Tables C-1, C-2, and C-3 -- as well as Table 3.1 -- demonstrate that most ICM efforts are at the sub-national level.
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Table C-1: ICM Efforts at National and Sub-National Levels
(except Canada and the U.S.A.)
Nation, Semisovereign state, Territory or State
ALBANIA
Nation-wide Coastal Area Management Program for the Albania Coast Is this still correct? Kraj sv. Ivana 11, HR - 21000 Split, Croatia Ph: 385 21 343 499, [phone], Fax: 361 677 http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP w/s 1/02
First iteration. February 28, 2002
Name of Effort
Address and Contacts
Sources and Comments
ALDERNEY ISLAND (Self-governing & U.K.responsible for foreign affairs & national defense) ALGERIA
Nation-wide? Coastal Area Management Program for the Algerian Coastal Zone Ministry of Physical Planning and Environment What are the local contact points and person? http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP w/s 1/02
ANDAMAN and NICOBAR ISLANDS (India Union Territory)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Management of Coral Reef Ecosystems of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Need name of contact person, address and contact points. GEF w/s 1/02 Biodiversity
ANGOLA
Benguela Current Integrated Management of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
ANGUILLA (Overseas territory of the U.K.)
Coastal Management Project (1996)? Need name of contact person, address and contact points. Funding by UK (BDDC)
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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ANTIGUA and BARBUDA
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
ARGENTINA
Nation-wide Coastal Biosphere Reserves Program of Argentina Coordinator Coordination Unit of UNESCO MAB Program of Argentina. Secretaria de Poltica Ambiental y Desarrollo Sustentable, San Martin 459, 4th Floor, 1004 Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ph: 54 11 4348 8399. [e-mail] See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts (In the pipeline) Program Officer UNDP. Esmeralda 130 piso 13 (1035) Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ph:[phone]. [e-mail] See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts Source: Aldo Brandani
Nation-wide
Maritime Management Project (Southeast South American Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem - shared with Argentina and Brazil) ICM Program for Patagonia (Patagonia II) Strategic Action Plan for the Rio Plata and its Maritime Front, (In conjunction with Uruguay)
GEF-WB Project International Waters Source: WB ICM database 12/01 GEF-WB Project Biodiversity GEF database 1/02
Patagonia
Estuary of the Rio de la Plata
ARUBA (Self-governing island, Netherlands responsible for defense and foreign affairs) AUSTRALIA
Nation-wide Australia Coasts and Clean Seas Program (ACCSP) Australia's Ocean Policy and National Coastal and Marine Planning Program (CMPP) (Enacted by law in 1999) The 25 Year Strategic Plan for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (1994) New South Wales Coastal Policy (1997) Coastal Strategy Section, Environment Australia GPO 787, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia Ph: 61 2 6274-1111, Fax: [phone], www.environment.gov.au/marine/coast_clean_seas/main.html The Director. National Oceans Office GPO Box 2139, Hobart, Tasmania 7000 Ph: 61 (0)3 6221 5000, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.oceans.gov.au/home/jsp Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority PO Box, 1379 Townsville, Queensland 4810 Australia Ph: 61 7 4750-0700, Fax: [phone], http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au Executive Officer NSW Coastal Council [e-mail] / www.coastalcouncil.nsw.gov.au ACCSP w/s 7/01
Nation-wide
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02 also CSD Report 2/99
Great Barrier Reef
New South Wales
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Bass Point (New South Wales)
Bass Point Regional Aboriginal Heritage and Marine Reserve Management Plan (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Bega Valley Shire Coastal Planning and Management Strategy (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Framework for Integrated Planning of Botany Bay Catchment (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Byron Coastline Management Plan Sustainable Use and Repair (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Eurobodalla Coastal Environment Capacity Planning - Coastal Open Space Planning (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Plan of Management for Cabbage Tree Bay (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Estuary/Catchment Management Planning in Lower Shoalhaven (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Sydney Regional Coastal Management Strategy - Wetland Protection (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Northern Territory Coastal Management (1982) Darwin Harbour - Strategic Plan for Beneficial Uses (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) State Coast Management Plan Regional Coastal Management Plans Brisbane River and Moreton Bay Study, 1998 Waterways Plan
Coordinator Shellharbour City Council Ph: 61 (0)2 422-6140, [e-mail] Coordinator Bega Valley Shire Council Ph: 61 (0)2 6499-2148, [e-mail] Coordinator South Sydney Regional Organization of Councils 61 (0)2 9317 2811, [e-mail] Coordinator Byron Shire Council Ph: 61 (0)2 6626 7033, [e-mail] Coordinator Eurobodalla Shire Council Ph: 61 (0)2 4474-1216, [e-mail] Coordinator Manly Council Ph: 61 (0)2 9976 1610, [e-mail] Coordinator Sholahaven City Council Ph: 61 (0)2 4429 3133, [e-mail] Coordinator Sydney Coastal Councils Group Inc. Ph: 61 (0)2 9411-8215, [e-mail] Coordinator Dept. of Lands, Planning and Environment P.O. Box 30, Palmerston, NT 0831 Australia Ph: 61 8 8999-4507, Fax: [phone]. [e-mail]1993 Coordinator Department of Lands, Planning, and Environment Ph: 61 (0)8 8999-4426, [e-mail] Coastal Planning Unit Environmental Protection Agency PB Box 155, Brisbane Albert Street, Queensland 4002, Australia http://www.env.qld.gov.au/environment/coast/management Brisbane River Management Group Secretariat PO Box 155, Brisbane Albert Street Queensland 4002, Australia Ph: 61 7 3227-7767, Fax: [phone], http://www.brmbwms.qld.gov.au
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Bega area (New South Wales) Botany Bay (New South Wales) Byron Bay (New South Wales)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Eurobodalla Shire (New South Wales)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Manly (New South Wales) Nowra district (New South Wales) Sydney Region (New South Wales)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Northern Territory
1993 Roster of ICM efforts
Darwin Harbour (Northern Territory)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Queensland
Brisbane River and Moreton Bay (Queensland)
ACCSP w/s 7/01
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Broadsound Shire (Queensland)
Broadsound Coastal Land Use and Infrastructure Plan (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Deception Bay to Caloundra Bar Coastal Management and Rehabilitation Action Plan (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Multiple Use Strategic Plan for the Southern Gulf of Carpenteria (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Gladstone Harbour Rehabilitation Strategy Hervey Bay Coastal Management Plan (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Karumba Coastal Management Plan (Coastal and Marine Planning Program)
Coordinator 61 (0)7 4964-5400, [e-mail] Coordinator Caboolture Shire Council Ph: 61 (0)7 5420-0234, [e-mail] Coordinator Queensland Department of State Development 61 (0)7 3222-2841, [e-mail] Coordinator Environmental Protection Agency 61 (0)7 4936-0582, [e-mail] Coordinator Hervey Bay City Council Ph: 61 (0)7 4125-0229, [e-mail] Coordinator Carpenteria Shire Council 61 (0)7 4745-1166, [e-mail] Joint project between the Redland Shire Council and Queensland Department of Communications, Information, Local Government, and Planning www.redland.net.au/bayislands/default/asp Coordinator District Council of Streaky Bay 61 (0)8 8626-1001, [e-mail] Coordinator City of Onkaparinga Ph: 61 (0)8 8384-0792, [e-mail] Coordinator South East Local Government Association Ph: 61 (0)8 8723-1057, [e-mail] Coordinator District Council of Streaky Bay Ph: 61 8 8626-1001
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Caboolture region (Queensland)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Gulf of Carpenteria (Queensland) Gladstone Harbour (Queensland) Hervey Bay (Queensland) Karumba region (Queensland) Southern Moreton Bay Islands (Queensland) Great Australian Bight (South Australia) Port Willunga (South Australia) South East Coast (Victoria Border to the Murray River) (South Australia) Western Eyre Peninsula (South Australia)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Southern Moreton Bay Islands Planning Study Great Australian Bight 1000 - West Coast Strategy (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Port Willunga Linear Park Wetlands Concept (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) South East Coastal Management Strategy (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Great Australia Bight 1000 West Coast Strategy
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Source?
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Tasmania
State Coastal Policy
Coordinator Dept. of Environment and Land Management Coastal and Marine Programme 39 Murray St., GPO 510 E, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia [e-mail] Coordinator Kingborough Council Ph: 61(0)3 6211-8106, G.Phillipskingborough.tas.gov.au www.tased.edu.au/tasonline/mking Coordinator Dept. of Primary Industries, Water, and the Environment GPO 44A, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001 Australia Ph: 61 (0)3 6233-6547 [e-mail]/ www.derwentriver.tas.gov.au Coordinator Break O'Day Council Ph: 61 (0)3 6376-1281, [e-mail] Coordinator Sorell Council Ph: 61 (0)3 6245-8600, [e-mail] Coordinator West Tamar Council Ph: 61 (0)3 6336-2818, [e-mail] Coordinator Cradle Coast Authority Ph: 61 (0)3 6424-7344, [e-mail] Executive Officer Victorian Coastal Council Department of Natural Resources and the Environment [e-mail] www.dce.vic.gov.au Coordinator Gippsland Coastal Board Ph: 61 (0)3 5153-0456, [e-mail] Coordinator Ph: 61 3 5261-0600 Has the project evolved into the Surf Coast/ Central West Coast project? Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
D'Entrecasteaux Channel & Catchment (Tasmania)
Integrated Land and Marine Planning in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel and Catchment (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) An Integrated Environment Strategy for the Derwent Estuary and The Derwent Estuary Program Foreshore Management Concept (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Implementing the Marine and Coastal Management Strategy for the North East and East Coasts of Tasmania (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) South East Coast - Tasmania, Integrated Coastal Management Strategy (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Tamar Estuary 2000 Implementing the Perfect Vision (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) West North West Tasmanian Coastal and Marine Strategy Management Plan and the West North West Coastal Management Project (Coastal and Marine Planning Program)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Derwent Estuary and immediate catchment (Tasmania) Dorset, Break O'Day and Glamorgan / Springbay Councils (North East and East Tasmania) South East Coast (Tasmania) Tamar Estuary (Tasmania)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02 ACCSP w/s 7/01
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
West North West Tasmanian Coast (Tasmania)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Victoria
Victorian Coastal Strategy
Gippsland coastline (Victoria) Great Ocean Road, Point Lonsdale and Marengo area (Victoria)
Integrated Coastal Planning for Gippsland (Coastal and Marine Planning Program)
Source: ACCSP w/s 7/01
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Port Phillip Bay (Victoria)
Integrated State and Local Government Coastal Planning Approach for the Protection of the Coastal and Marine Environment of Port Phillip Bay (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Integrated Strategic Coastal Plan, South West Victoria (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Coastal and Marine Planning Program: Central West Coast of Victoria (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Coastwest / Coastcare Program (Initiated in 1995) Coastal and Marine Planning Program (CMPP) Batavia Coast - Coastal and Marine Planning Strategy (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Carnervon Town Planning Scheme Review (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) North West Shelf Environmental Management Strategy (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Perth Coastal Waters Environmental Management Strategy Western Australia South Coast Regional Strategy - Phases 1 and 2 (Coastal and Marine Planning Program)
Coordinator Gippsland Coastal Board Ph: 61 (0)3 5153-0456, [e-mail] Coordinator City of Port Phillip Ph: 61 (0)3 9209-6416, [e-mail] Coordinator Surf Coast Shire 61 (0)3 5261-0677, [e-mail] www.surfcoast.vic.gov.au/environmental/coastal Executive Officer Coastal Council, West Australia Planning Commission 469 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000 Australia Ph: 61 8 9264-7833 [e-mail] / www.planning.gov.au Coordinator Ministry of Planning Ph: 61 (0)8 9921-7574, [e-mail] Coordinator Shire of Carnarvon Ph: 61 (0)8 9941-1706, [e-mail] Coordinator Department of Environmental Protection, Western Australia Ph: 61 8 9222-7134 Coordinator Department of Environmental Protection, Western Australia Ph: 61 8 9222-7134 Coordinator Department of Conservation and Land Management Ph: 61 (0)8 9842-4546, [e-mail]
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
South West Victoria (Victoria) Surf Coast - Central West Coast (Victoria)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
Western Australia
Batavia Coast (Western Australia) Carnarvon Shire (Western Australia) North West Shelf (Western Australia) Perth (Western Australia) South Coastal Region (Western Australia)
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02 ACCSP w/s 7/01
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
ACCSP w/s 7/01
ACCSP w/s 7/01
Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
AZERBAIJAN
Caspian Sea (Nation-wide) National Component of the Caspian Action Plan Chairman Committee for Ecology and Impact on Natural Resources St 31 Istiglelyat, Baku 370001 Azerbaijan Ph: 994 12 924173, Fax: 971786 CasEP w/s 6/00
AZORES (Self-governing Island Region of Portugal)
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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BAHAMAS
Nation-wide "Bahamas has planned a national policy on oceans and a integrated coastal area management Programme"? Development of an environmental management policy and the institutional strengthening of the BEST Commission? (1999) Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean Need name of contact person, address and contact points. CSD Report, 6/98
Nation-wide
The Bahamas Environment, Science, and Technology (BEST) Commission
Source: BEST w/s Funding from IADB
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds
(In the pipeline)
GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
BAHRAIN
National study for ROPME?
CSD Report 2/99
BANGLADESH
Developing the (National) Integrated Coastal Zone Management Program (1999-2003) Program Development Office for Integrated Coastal Management (PDO-ICZM) Water Resources Planning Organization Saimon Centre (6th floor) House 4/A, Road - 22, Gulshan-1 P.O. Box 6009, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh Ph: 880 2 881-1370, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.iczmpbangladesh.com Need local contact person, address, and contact points
Nation-wide
Financed by Netherlands
Sundarbans
Biodiversity Conservation in the Sundarbans Reserved Forest (1998)
Joint WB/ADB Project Source: WB ICM database 12/01
BARBADOS
Nation-wide Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean Coastal Zone Management Unit Oistins Government Complex, Oistins, Christ Church, Barbados Ph: 246 428 5945 (In the pipeline) CSD Report 4/97
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds
GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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BELGIUM
Nation-wide Integrated management of the Flemish coast (West Flanders) (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme) Coordinator Ministry of the Flemish Community Administration of inland waterways and infrastructures Coastal waterways section Vrijhavenstraat 3, 8400 Ostend, Belgium Ph: 32 59 554-211, Fax: 507-037, [e-mail] EU TERRA CZM Programme EC ICZM Demo w/s 1/02 See also CSD Report 1/99
BELIZE
Nation-wide Belize Coastal Zone Management Program Coastal Zone Management Project PO Box 1884, Belize City, Belize GEF, UNDP and IADB project. Coordinator Latin America and Caribbean Program, World Wildlife Fund 1250 Twenty-Forth St. NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA Ph: 202 778-9624, [e-mail] Need name of contact person, address and contact points. 1993 Roster of ICM efforts contact IADB
Nation-wide
Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Barrier Reef Complex Sustainable Development and Management of Biologically Diverse Coastal Resources (1993-1998?) Changing land use practices and their impact on near-shore environments, Belize Barrier Reef (EC project B7-6200/97-02/ENV) Pilot projects along Belize's coast on the Bay of Honduras. (See also Guatemala and Honduras) (Component of the PROARCA-Costas program) (See also Table C-4: International Efforts) Community Managed SarstoonTemash Conservation Project (2001)
GEF w/s 1/02 (Biodiversity) InterCoast #34
Nation-wide?
GEF/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02 (Biodiversity)
Barrier Reef area
Need name of contact person, address and contact points.
EC Sustainable Development w/s 1/02
Gulf of Honduras
Is there a local coordinator for Belize's part of the Bay of Honduras?
PROARCA - Costas w/s 1/02
Sarstoon-Temesh area
Need local contact person, address, and contact points
GEF-MSP Project WB ICM database 12/01
BENIN
Nation-wide The Ministry of Environment has established a Technical Committee for the Management of the Coast (5/99)? Need name of contact person, address and contact points. CSD Report 5/99
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Nation-wide? Nation-wide
Coastal Zone Integrated Management Program Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem Project
(In the pipeline) Need local contact person, address, and contact points See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
GEF/WB funding WB ICM database 12/01
BERMUDA (Overseas territory of the U.K.) BOLIVIA
Lake Titicaca Conservation of Biodiversity in the Lake Titicaca Basin See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
BONAIRE (Self-governing component of the Netherlands Antilles) BRAZIL
Nation-wide National Coastal Zone Management Plan (1988) (State CZM plans?) Coastal Zone Management Project Maritime Management Project (Southeast South American Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem - shared with Argentina and Brazil) Coastal Zone Management for the state of Cear Coastal Zone Management Integration Group (GERC) Interministerial Commission for Marine Resources (CIRM) (In the pipeline) CSD Report 2/99 contact Marcus Polette GEF funded project WB ICM database 12/01 GEF-WB Project International Waters WB ICM database 12/01
Nation-wide?
Nation-wide
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts (In the pipeline)
Cear State
Coordinator Programa de Gesto Integrada da Zona Costiera da AQUASIS [e-mail] Chefe de Operaes do IEF Instituto Estadual de Floresta Abrao, Ilha Grande de Angra dos Reis, RJ, Brazil. Ph. 55 21 533 0353/262-9292, [e-mail]
Source: Gerenciamento Costeiro Integrada 12/01
Rio de Janeiro State
Name of effort?
Source:Aldo Brandani
Sao Paulo State Tamandare, Pernambuco to Paripueira, Alagoas
State ICZM Program (in the late 1980's) Coastal Management Program for Tamandare-Paripueira region (Initiated 1/98) Centro de Pesquisa e Estanso Pesqueira do Nordeste Universidade federal de Pernambuco, Departmento de Oceanografia Tamandar, Brazil Ph: 55 81 986-1588, [e-mail]
1993 Roster of ICM Efforts contact Marcus Polette IADB w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Patos Lagoon
Integrated Management of Patos Lagoon Rio Grande Estuary Management Program? (TC9811854) Community Based Marine Conservation Program?
(Project approved 3/01 #ATN/JF-735) File will not open According to IADB w/s (1/02) the project is in the pipeline as of September 1999 . Project file did not open. IADB project ATN/SF 4948-BR
IADB w/s 1/02
Rio Grande Estuary
IADB w/s 1/02
Coverage?
IADB w/s
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (Overseas Territory of the U.K.)
Nation-wide Coast Conservation and Management Program Need name of contact person, address and contact points. 1993 Roster of ICM efforts Contact IRF, CEP
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Nation-wide Integrated Coastal Management Plan for Brunei Darussalam What has happened to this project? Pilot Site of the ASEAN Coastal Resources Management Program (1986-1992) CSD Report stated: "Plan implementation is currently under review" (12/98) CSD Report 12/98 1993 Roster of ICM efforts
BULGARIA
Nation-wide National ICZM Assessment Report and National Black Sea Strategic Action Plan Local Integrated Coastal Management Program Coordinator 67 W. Gladstone Str., Sofia 1000 Bulgaria Ph: 359 2 881-440, Fax: 521-634 Need name of contact person, address and contact points. BSEP w/s CSD Report 4/99 Get specifics from EUCC and Konstantin Galabov
Asparouhovo-Galata
BURUNDI
Lake Tanganyika
Implementing the Lake Tanganyika Action Program and Convention
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
CAMBODIA
Nation-wide Targeted Coastal Zone Management in Cambodia Sihanoukville Integrated Coastal Management Project Ministry of Environment 2nd Vice Governor Ministry of the Interior Municipality of Sihanoukville, Kingdom of Cambodia Ph: 63 012 872-801, Fax: [phone], www.pemsea.org Funded by DANIDA DHI w/s
Sihanoukville
PEMSEA w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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CAMEROON
Nation-wide Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem Project Integrated Management of the Lake Chad Basin "A study for sustainable management of marine and coastal ecosystems with support from UNDP and Canada"? See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts CSD Report 4/97
Nation-wide Lake Chad
CANADA (see Table C-2) CANARY ISLANDS (Island Province of Spain) CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLANDS (Self-governing Overseas Territory of the U.K.) CHAD
Lake Chad Integrated Management of the Lake Chad Basin See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
CHILE
Nation-wide? Two Multiple Use Marine Coastal Protected Areas (to be determined) "National Commission on the Use of the Coastal Border"? Conserving Globally Significant Biodiversity along the Chilean Coast Need name of contact person, address and contact points. (In the pipeline) CSD Report 12/99 contact Gonzalo Cid GEF/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
CHINA
Bureau of Marine Comprehensive Management State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, China or Chen Degong Coordinator of China Integrated Coastal Zone Legislation and Management China Institute for Marine Development Strategy 8 Dahuisi St. Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China Is this project still active or has it transformed to something else or been terminated?
Nation-wide
The Marine Area Use Management Program
1993 Roster of ICM Efforts
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Northern South China Sea
ICZM Capacity Building in the northern South China Sea Four demonstration areas: Hailing, Fangchenggang, Xiamen, & Qinlan Bay (UNDP #CPR/96/319/A/01/99)
Contact person and contact points needed China International Technical Exchange Center and the State Oceanic Admin. Support provided by UNDP. Director General Dept. of International Cooperation, State Oceanic Administration 1 Fuxingmenwai Avenue, Beijing 100860 China Ph: 86 10 6804-2695/6803-2211, fax: [phone] [e-mail], www.pemsea.org To what extent has this project funded the effort listed above and/or another project(s)?
UNDP projects w/s 1/02
Bohai Sea
Subregional Sea Areas and Pollution Hot Spots Demonstration Site
PEMSEA w/s 1/02
Bohai Sea area Fujian, Jiangsu, Shancong, and Liaoning Provinces
North China Marine Culture and Coastal Resources Management Project (No project # on the w/s) Sustainable Coastal Resource Development Project (1997)
ADB w/s 12/01 Contact ADB IBRD Project WB ICM database 12/01
Need local contact person, address, and contact points Coordinator China Institute for Marine Development Strategy 8 Dahuisi St., Haidian District, Beijing 10008, P. R. China or Mao Xianghai, Director, Oceanic Administration Bureau Jiangsu Province Commission of Science and Technology Nanjing, Province, P. R. China Is this project still active or has it transformed to something else or been terminated?
Jiangsu Province
Jiangsu Province CZM Program
1993 Roster of ICM efforts
Hainan
Sino-British Coastal Zone Environmental Enhancement? British Overseas Development Agency. Did this occur? Xiamen Integrated Coastal Management Demonstration Site during the Pilot Phase Local contact person and contact points needed www.pemsea.org
CZ 99
Xiamen
PEMSEA w/s 1/02
CHRISTMAS ISLAND (External Territory of Australia)
Eastern Coasts Plan of Management for the East Coast Beaches (Coastal and Marine Planning Program) Coordinator Shire of Christmas Island Ph: 61 (0)8 9164-8300, [e-mail] Australia CMPP w/s 1/02
COLOMBIA
Nation-wide Plan de Ordenamiento Ambiental de la Zona Costera Coordinator Comision Colombiana de Oceanografia Santafe de Bogota, D.C, Colombia Contact Francisco Arias
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Caribbean Sea
The Development and Administration of the Coastal Zone in the Caribbean Sea Caribbean Archipelago Biosphere Reserve: Regional Marine Protected Area Systems (2000) Sustainable Development of the Gulf of Morrosquillo Conservation and Sustainable Use of Serrania del Baudo (2000)
Need name of contact person, address and contact points. What Colombian archipelgo(s) is the project focus, (e.g. San Andros, Providencia, Rosaio, etc) or all? Need local contact person, address, and contact points. Need local contact person, address, and contact points and International Institute for Aerospace Study and Earth Sciences P.O. Box 6, Hengelosestraat 99, 7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands Ph: 31 53 4874 305, fax: [phone], e-mail [e-mail] Need local contact person, address, and contact points
1993 Roster of ICM efforts Contact Francisco Arias
Colombia Archipelago?
WB funded Project WB ICM database 12/01
Gulf of Morrosquillo
Source: www.itc.nl/ags/projects
Serrania del Baudo
GEF funded project WB ICM database 12/01
COMOROS
Nation-wide? Integrated Planning of the Coastal Zone (1995) Conservation of Biodiversity and Sustainable Development in the Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros (1995-2002?) Project for the Protection and Planning of the Coastal Zone and Marine Area (1998-2000) Contact SEACAM. Was the project initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. Need name of contact person, address and contact points. SEACAM w/s 12/01
Nation-wide
GEF/UNDP funded GEF w/s (Biodiversity)
Grande Comore Island
Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points.
SEACAM w/s 12/01
CONGO DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (Formerly Zaire)
Lake Tanganyika Implementing the Lake Tanganyika Strategic Action Program and Convention See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
COOK ISLANDS (Self-governing and free association with New Zealand)
Nation-wide Land and sea resources management capacity component of the National Environmental Management Strategy (to be completed in 1997)
Need local contact person, address and contact points
SPREP w/s 1/02 Contact SPREP
COSTA RICA
Nation-wide The Planning and Management of the Marine and Terrestrial Zone Need name of contact person, address and contact points. 1993 Roster of ICM efforts Contact Robert Chaverri
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Nation-wide Caribbean coast corridor between Bocas los Toro (Panama) + the northern boundary of Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gondoca-Manzanillo (Costa Rica)
National Marine and Coastal Program (1995) Pilot projects along Costa Rica's section of the coastal corridor (See also Panama) (Component of the PROARCA-Costas program) (See also Table C-4: International Efforts) Formulation of a Strategic Action Program for the Integrated Management of Water Resources and the Sustainable Development of the San Juan River Basin and its Coastal Zone
Need name of contact person, address and contact points.
CSD Report 4/97
Is there a local coordinator of Costa Rica's part of the coastal corridor ?
PROARCA - Costas w/s 1/02
North Caribbean coast and estuary of the San Juan River
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
GEF-UNDP-OAS funded GEF w/s 1/02
COTE d' IVOIRE
Nation-wide Abidjan Lagoon Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem Project Management Program for Abidjan Lagoon See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts Need name of contact person, address and contact points. 1993 Roster of ICM efforts Contact Chidi Ibe
CROATIA
Nation-wide Coastal Area Management in Croatia Report (date?) Study on the protection of marine and coastal zone of Primorje-Gorski kotar Province The Bay of Kastela Coastal Area Management Programme Environmental Management Plan for the Cres-Losinj Archipelago? To what extent was this report/study implemented? EUCC ICM Progress w/s 1/02
Primorje-Gorski kotar Province
To what extent was this report/study implemented? Is this still correct? Office for the Adriatic State Directorate for Environment, Republic of Croatia http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html Is this correct? Office for the Adriatic-Rijeka State Directorate for Environment, Republic of Croatia
EUCC ICM Progress w/s 1/02
Kastela Bay
UNEP Med. Action Plan, PAP/RAC w/s 12/01
Cres-Losinj Archipelago
Contact PAP/RAC CSD Report 8/99
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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CUBA
Nation-wide Coastal Zone Management Program and proposed Coastal Zone Management Act Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Developing States in the Caribbean Coordinator Direccion de Politica Ambiental, Industria y San Jose Capitolio Nacional, Habana , Cuba Ph: 537 570-615 [e-mail] (In the pipeline) Coordinator Dept. of Scientific and Technical development Physical Planning Directorate of Havana Province Calzada de Managua Km 4.5, Mantilla, Habana, Codigo Postal 10 900 Cuba Ph: 537 99 1556 ext 360, 57 8378, [e-mail] CSD Report 8/99
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds
GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
Gulf of Batabano and southern coastal area of Havana Province
Socio-economic and environmental evaluation and management of the south coast of Havana Province
CSI w/s 1/02
CURAAO (Self-governing component of the Netherlands Antilles) CYPRUS
Nation-wide Coastal Zone Management Project Coordinator Coastal Unit, Public Works Department Ministry of Communication and Works, Nicosia, Cyprus Ph: 357 2 806620/22, Fax: 498934 [e-mail]
DENMARK
Nation-wide Skagerrak Wadden Sea area Coastlink Storstrm County (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme) The Planning Act of 1994 and its provisions for a coastal planning zone Need name of contact person, address and contact points. See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts Coordinator Storstrm Amt, Dept. of Technology and the Environment Parkvej 37, 4800 Nykbing F, Denmark Ph: 45 54 823-232, Fax: 855-684, [e-mail] CSD Report 4/97 Contact Jan Ronberg
Storstrom County
EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
DJIBOUTI
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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DOMINICA
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean (In the pipeline)
GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Nation-wide Integrated Management of CoastalMarine Resources for the Sustainable Development of the Tourism Sector Conservation and Management in the Coastal in the Coastal Zone of the Dominican Republic (1993-1997?) Biodiversity Conservation and Management in the Coastal Zone of the Dominican Republic (1992-1997) Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean Semana Bay Program for the Coastal - Marine Environment Subsectretary of Natural Resources Chief Technical Adviser A.P. 1424, Calle Ramon del Orbe #23 Mirador Sur, Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana [e-mail] www.gef.biodiversidad.do Need name of contact person, address and contact points. CSD Report 6/99 Contact Jennifer McCann
Nation-wide?
UNDP SDNP SIOCAM w/s 1/02
Nation-wide?
GEF/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds
(In the pipeline) Coordinator Integrated Fund Promatura Apartado (P.O. Box) 21714, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
CRC to verify
Semana Bay
ECUADOR
Coastal Resources Management Program (PMRC) Includes six special management zones (ZEMs): Atacames-Sua Muisne, Bahia-San Vincente, San Pedro-Valdivia, Posorja - Pto. El Morro, MachalaPto.Bolivar, and Galapagos. (Initiated in 1984) (Each ZEM will have its own listing in a future iteration) Wetlands Priorities for Conservation Action (1999) Galapagos Environmental Management Program (EC-0134) PMRC Avenida Quito y Padre Solano, edifico del Ministerio de Agricultura y ganaderia, piso 20 P.O. Box 09-01-5820 Ph: 593 4 281-144; fax 285-038 Guayaquil, Ecuador [e-mail] http://www.pmrc.org.ec/principal.htm First funded as an AID pilot project. Support now provided by IADB. CSD Report 1/99 CRC w/s 1/02 IADB w/s 1/02
Nation-wide
Esmeraldes, Manabi, and Guayas Provinces Galapagos Archipelago
Need local contact person, address, and contact points Project approved Sept. 2000. Name of local contact person needed as well as address and contact points.
GEF Project WB ICM database 12/01 IADB w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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EGYPT
Nation-wide Framework Programme for Development of a National ICZM Plan (Red Sea & Med. Sea) Egyptian Red Sea Coastal and Marine Resource Management Project (UNDP project EGY/95/010/A/01/99 (1995-1999?) The Integrated Coastal Area Management Planning Study for the coastal area of Fuka-Matrouh Need name of contact person, address and contact points. Contact Mahmoud Sayed CZ99 and PAP/RAC
Ras Shukeir to the Sudan border Red Sea
Need name of contact person, address and contact points. Is this still correct? : M. A. Fawzi Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Water and Coastal Areas Protection Department 17, Teiba St.-El Mohandeseen, Giza, Cairo, Egypt http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html
UNDP projects w/s 1/02 Proposed for GEF funding
Fuka to Matrouh area
UNEP Med. Action Plan, PAP/RAC w/s 12/01
EL SALVADOR
Gulf of Fonseca Pilot projects along El Salvador's coastal area of the Gulf of Fonseca. (See also Honduras and Nicaragua) (Component of the PROARCA-Costas program) (See also Table C-4: International Efforts) Management and Conservation of Coastal Zones? (ES0117) Coastal Resources Management Program? (TC9811143) Is there a local coordinator for El Salvador's part of the Gulf of Fonseca? PROARCA - Costas w/s 1/02
Nation-wide?
According to IADB w/s (1/02) Project in the Pipeline as of September 1999 . Project file did not open. According to IADB w/s (1/02) Project in the Pipeline as of September 1999. Project file did not open.
Nation-wide?
EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA
Nation-wide Conservation management of Eritrea's coastal marine and island biodiversity GEF-UNDP w/s 1/02 (Biodiversity)
ESTONIA
Nation-wide Nation-wide A coastal plan for Estonia (started 1998) Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Baltic States and Poland Funding from WWF and Sweden Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Baltic States and Poland EUCC ICM progress w/s 1/02 CSD Report 11/98 EU PHARE funded CSD Report 11/98 EUCC w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Hiiumaa Island Matsalu Wetland
ICZM pilot project Management Plan for the Matsalu Wetland
Need contact person, address and contact points Coordinator Matsalu Nature Reserve [e-mail] Coordinator West Estonian Archipelago Biosphere Reserve [e-mail]
Funding from PHARE EUCC ICM progress w/s 1/02 EUCC ICM progress w/s 1/02
Kaina Bay
ICZM project for Kaina Bay
EUCC ICM progress w/s 1/02
FAROE ISLANDS (Self-governing Island Region of Denmark) FIJI
Proposed ICM Pilot Project? Strategic Level for ICM in context with the National Environmental Management Strategy Demonstration of the CRC's two track approach? If still underway, Need local contact person, address, and contact points. Coastal Resources Center University R. of I. w/s www.crc.uri.edu SPREP w/s 1/02
Nation-wide?
FINLAND
Nation-wide Nation-wide Southern Coast (Usimaa, It-Usimaa, and Kymenlaakso regions) National Policy on Oceans Shore Conservation Programme Need contact person, address and contact points "Nearly 100 master shore plans have been completed or are in the process of being drafted" Coordinator Uusimaa Regional Environment Centre PO Box 36, 00521 Helsinki, Finland Ph: 358 9 148 881 Fax: [phone], [e-mail] CSD Report 11/98 Contact Erkki Siirila CSD Report 11/98 Funded by EU Life Programme EU ICZM Demonstration Programme w/s 1/02
Coastal Planning on the Gulf of Finland
FRANCE
Nation-wide "Coastal law to limit urban expansion on coast and presrvation of exceptional areas"? Planning, Protection, and Development of Coastal and Shores Space ArcManche: Environmental and Coastal Management Programme Conservatoire de l'espace littoral et des rivages lacustres Need contact person, address and contact points See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts CSD Report 6/99 Contact EUCC CSD Report 6/99 1993 Roster of ICM efforts
Nation-wide English Channel, Haute Normandie, Isle of Wight
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Cote d'Opale
Cote d'Opal: Concentration Coordination and Cooperation (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme) Cooperation, integrated management and sustainable development in the coastal zone of Gironde Integrated development and management of the Bay of Brest and its catchment area (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
Coordinator Syndicate mixte de la Cte d'Opale C.U.D. Perthuis de la Marine BP 5/530 59386 Dunkerque Cedex, France Ph: 33 3 28 627-088, Fax: 627-144, [e-mail] Coordinator Conseil General de la Gironde Tour croise du Palais, 33074 Bordeaux Cedex, France Ph: 33 5 5699-3423, Fax: [phone] Coordinator Communaut Urbaine de Brest 24, rue Coat Ar Gueven, B.P.883 29200 Brest Cedex, France Ph: 33 2 9833-5263, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Coordinator Conseil General de Gironde, Esplanade Charles de Gaulle 33 074 Bordeaux Cedex France Ph: 33 5 569-93429, Fx: 569-93559, [e-mail], www.estuariales.org.fr Coordinator ACEL- Association for the Communitautaire de L'estuarire de la Loire 10 rue Chales Brunnelliere, 44 100 Nantes, France Ph: 33 2 406-92720, Fx: 407-39992, [e-mail]/ www.esturialies.org.fr See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
EU Life Programme EU ICZM Demo. w/s 1/02
Arcachon
EU Terra Programme EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
Rade de Brest
Life Programme EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
Gironde Estuary
Management Program for the Gironde Estuary
Esturiales Network
Loire Estuary
Management Program for the Loire Estuary
Esturiales Network
Lake Geneva
Management Program for Lake Geneva
FRENCH GUIANA (Overseas Department [i.e. state] of France) FRENCH POLYNESIA (Overseas Territory of France) GABON GAMBIA
Nation-wide? Coastal Protection Study and Coastal Zone Management Study "Technical Working Group on Coastal and Marine Environment was launched in August 1995"? Need local contact person, address, and contact points and WL / Delft Hydraulics Rotterdamseweg 185, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, Netherlands Ph: 31 15 285 8582, fax: [phone], [e-mail] Need name of contact person, address and contact points. Source: www.wldelft.nl
Nation-wide
CSD Report 2/98
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Nation-wide and southern coastal region
Coastal Profile and proposed ICM Strategy
Need local contact person, address, and contact points
Consultation provided by UNEP Med. Action Plan PAP/RAC w/s 12/01
GEORGIA
Nation-wide Integrated Coastal Zone Management Program (1998) National ICZM Assessment Report and National Black Sea Strategic Action Plan Coordinator ICZM Centre, Ministry of Environment 2nd Floor, 78 Paliashvili St,. T'bilisi, Georgia Ph: 995 32 951-003, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] (See above) WB funded Project WB ICM database 12/01
Nation-wide
BSEP w/s 1996
GERMANY
Nation-wide Wadden Sea Schleswig-Holstein "ICM Program to encompass marine activities within EEZ"? Wadden Sea Management Plan Integrated Coastal Management Project K.E.R.N. Region: A Pilot Study "ICM Program to encompass all marine activities in the EEZ"? See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts State Regional Planning Authority of Schleswig-Holstein EUCC ICM Progress w/s 1/02 CSD Report 11/98
GHANA
Nation-wide Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem Project Draft Integrated Coastal Zone Plan? See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts Need name of contact person, address and contact points. CSD Report 4/99
GREECE
Nation-wide National Programme for the Sustainable Development of Greek Islands and Coasts Coordinator University of the Aegean, Department of Environmental Studies 30 Voulgaroktonou, 11472 Athens, Greece Ph: 30 1 680-0051 Fax: [phone] [e-mail], [e-mail] www.aegean.gr/enpl/newpage118.htm What are the local contact points and who is the contact person? http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html Coordinator Athens Environmental Management and Protection Organization 2 Panormou Street, 11523 Athens, Greece Ph: 30 1 643-0709 x124, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP w/s 1/02
Rhodes
The Island of Rhodes Coastal Area Management Programme Strategies for management and cooperation in the metropolitan and peri-urban coastal zones of the Saronic Gulf - Athens (EU ICZM Demo Programme)
Saronic Gulf
EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Ipiros Area
Integrated management of the coast of Ipiros (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
Yannis Houliaras Ipiros Region, Voriou Ipirou 20, 45333 Ioannina, Greece Ph: 30 65172165, Fax: 32224, [e-mail] Coordinator Notio Aigio (South Aegean), University of the Aegean Department of Environmental Studies Ph: 30 1 680-0051 Fax: [phone] [e-mail], [e-mail] www.aegean.gr/enpl/newpage118.htm Coordinator Magnesia Development Company (ANEM S.A.) Metamorfoseos 27, 38333 Volos, Greece Ph: 30 421 23563, Fax: 23439/ [e-mail]/ www.anem.gr Coordinator Natural Agriculture Research Foundation (NAGREF) Fisheries Research Institute, 64007 Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece Ph: 30 594 22691, Fax: 22222 [e-mail]/ www.pref-kavala.gr/guide/alieyten.htm Coordinator Prefecture of Kavala - Planning Department Ethnikis Antistasis 20, 65110 Kavala, Greece Ph: 30 51 291-332, Fax: 291-379, [e-mail]
EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
Cyclades
Programme for integrated coastal zone management: The case of Cyclades (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
Magnesia
Information, cooperation, requirements for the sustainable development of Magnesia's coastal zones (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme) Concerted Actions for the Management Strymonikos Coastal Zone (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme) Integrated management of the Kavala coast (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
Strymonikos
EU Life Program EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
Kavala
Funded by the TERRA CZM Programme EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
GRENADA
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Developing States in the Caribbean (In the pipeline) GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
GUADELOUPE, Saint BARTHLEME, and Saint MARTIN ISLANDS (Overseas Department of France) GUATEMALA
Gulf of Honduras Pilot projects along Guatemala's coast on the Bay of Honduras. (See also Belize and Honduras) (Component of the PROARCA-Costas program) (See also Table C-4: International Efforts) Proposed project for integrated management of coastal resources on the Pacific Coast? Is there a local coordinator for Guatemala's part of the Bay of Honduras? PROARCA - Costas w/s 1/02
Pacific Coast
Need name of contact person, address and contact points.
Windevoxhel
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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GUERNSEY ISLAND (Self-governing with the U.K. only responsible for foreign affairs and national defense) GUINEA
Nation-wide? Guinean Coastal Zone Integrated Management and Preservation of Biodiversity Coastal Profiles prepared for the pilot areas of Conakry, Dubreka, and Forecariah Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) Need name of contact person, address and contact points. WB funded Project WB ICM database 12/01 Contract work done by UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP w/s 1/02
Conarky, Dubreka, and Forecariah
GUINEA-BISSAU
Nation-wide? Coastal Planning Project Coastal Zone Management (2002) Coastal and Biodiversity Management Program "Initiated in 1989 with support from IUCN and Swiss Directorate of Development Cooperation Also there is a National Office of Coastal Planning" Need local contact person, address, and contact points To what extent does this differ from the project above? Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) CSD Report 4/97 1993 Roster of ICM Efforts GEF Project WB ICM database 12/01 WB funded project WB ICM database 12/01
Nation-wide?
Nation-wide?
GUYANA
Nation-wide? Design & Feasibility Study for the Shorezone Management Program (ATN/SC-4469-GY) (Approval date March, 1994) Coastal Management Program Was this project completed? (GY0030, 1996) Was this project completed and if so what became of it? IADB w/s CSD Report 4/97
Nation-wide?
Ministry of Agriculture
Funded by IADB SIDS w/s
HAITI
Nation-wide? Initiation of a national integrated coastal management program (in 1998) Coasts of Haiti: Resource assessment and management needs (1996) Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean Ministere de l' Environnement 181 Ave. Jean-Paul II, Haut de Turgeau Port-au-Prince, Haiti Ph: 509 45-0309, fax: 45-7360 Coastal Regions and Small Islands (CSI) Unit UNESCO, 1 rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France Fax: [phone], [e-mail], www.unesco.org/csi (In the pipeline) IADB w/s 1/02
Nation-wide Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds
CSI w/s 1/02 GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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HONDURAS
Bay Islands Bay Islands National Marine Park Coordinator Latin America and Caribbean Program, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 Twenty-Forth St. NW, Washington, DC 20037 Ph:. 202 778 9624, [e-mail] Project completed. One of the components and outputs were strategies and polices for the planning and implementation program for Bay Islands National Park Coordinator IADB, Washington D.C. InterCoast #34
Bay Islands
Bay Islands Environmental Management Project (938/SF-HO, approval 1994)) Environmental Management Program for the Bay Islands (Second Phase) (HO-0198) (Information from Profile 1, 23 July 01) Pilot projects along Honduras' coastal area of the Gulf of Fonseca. (See also El Salvador and Nicaragua) (Component of the PROARCA-Costas program) (See also Table C-4: International Efforts) Pilot projects along Honduras' coast area on the Bay of Honduras. (See also Belize and Guatemala) (Component of the PROARCA-Costas program) (See also Table C-4: International Efforts) Pilot projects along Honduras' coastal area of the Misquito Coast (See also Honduras) (Component of the PROARCA-Costas program) (See also Table C-4: International Efforts)
Source: IADB w/s 1/02
Bay Islands
IADB and GEF support IADB w/s 1/02
Gulf of Fonseca
Is there a local coordinator for Honduras' part of the Gulf of Fonseca?
PROARCA - Costas w/s 1/02
Gulf of Honduras
Is there a local coordinator for Honduras' part of the Bay of Honduras?
PROARCA - Costas w/s 1/02
Miskito Coast (between Cabo Cameron in Honduras and Laguna de Perlas in Nicaragua)
Is there a local coordinator for Honduras' part of the Mosquito coast ?
PROARCA - Costas w/s 1/02
ICELAND INDIA
Nation-wide Coastal Regulation Zones and Rules - 1991 Coastal Zone Management Authority Ministry of Environment and Forestry and Department of Ocean Development ICMAM Project Directorate Department of Ocean Development 2nd Floor, NIOT Campus, Velacherry-Tambaram Main Road Pallikkaranai, Chennai 601302 India Ph: 91 44 246-0276, Fax: [phone], http://linux.tn.nic.in/icmam/main.htm Ocean & Coastal Journal 43 CSD Report 2/99
Nation-wide
Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management Project
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 23 of 58
Nation-wide?
Indian-Netherlands Water and Coastal Management Cooperative Programme (8/2001-12/2003) Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve's Coastal Biodiversity Model ICMAM Plan Integrated Resource Management Project Model ICMAM Plan ICZM component of the World Bank financed Cyclone Hazard Mitigation Project Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environmental Management Project (Loan No. 1704 and IND 30303-01)
Project Coordinator CZM Centre RIKZ The Hague, The Netherlands Ph: 31 70 311-4380, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.netcoast.nl/projects M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation
netcoast.nl/projects w/s 1/02
Gulf of Mannar Chennai; Pulicat Lake to Mahabalipuram Chilika Lagoon State of Goa and the Gulf of Kachchh
GEF w/s 1/02 Biodiversity
See ICMAM address and contacts Chilika Development Authority [e-mail] / www.chilika.com See ICMAM address and contacts Coordinator Andhra Mitigation Project, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh, India Ph: 91 40 339 5056 [e-mail]
Andhra Pradesh State
Source: Marcel Marchand
Karnataka State
Local contact, address, and contact points needed
ADB w/s 12/01
INDONESIA
Nation-wide The Indonesian Coastal Resources Management Project Field Programs in North Sulawesi, Lampung, and East Kalimantan Lampung Field Program East Kalimantan Field Program North Sulawesi Field Program The Marine Resources Evaluation and Planning Project (MREP) Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Chief of Party Proyek Pesisir, Coastal Resources Management Project Ratu Plaza Building 18th Floor, JL Jenderal Sudiman 9 Jakarta Selatan 10270 Indonesia Ph: 62 21 720 9596, fax: [phone], [e-mail] http://crc.uri.edu/field/asia/indonesia/index.htm (see address and contacts above) (see address and contacts above) (see address and contacts above) Need name of contact person, address and contact points. Coordinator Natural Resources [e-mail] www.adb.org/work/projects/profiles/loan Kay & Alder, 1999 Contact Rob Kay ADB w/s 12/01 Contact ADB CRC w/s 1/02
Lampung East Kalimantan North Sulawesi Nation-wide
Nation-wide?
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 24 of 58
Nation-wide?
Helping Local Government in Indonesia Take Over Coastal Resource Management? (No project # on w/s) Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project COREMAP (1997) Coral Reef Management and Rehabilitation (1998, #36048)
To what extent has this project funded the efforts listed in this Table for the Indonesia? No specific locations mentioned on w/s description of the project. Is this project the same or different from the ADB project above? If so, need local contact person, address, and contact points. Is this project the same or different from the projects above? If so, need local contact person, address, and contact points. Head BAPEDALDA Jl. Hayam Wuruk No. 69, Denpasar 80233 Indonesia Ph: 62 361 235-402/244-070, fax: 235-402 [e-mail], www.pemsea.org Pilot Site of the ASEAN Coastal Resources Management Program (1986-1992) What has happened to this project? Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline)
ADB w/s 12/01 Contact ADB
Five eastern provinces What five provinces?
UNDP-WB funded project WB ICM database 12/01 Multi-donor funded project WB ICM database 12/01
Nation-wide?
Bali
Bali Integrated Coastal Management Project
PEMSEA w/s 1/02
Central Java Greater Berbak-Sembling ecosystem Komodo islands
Integrated Management Plan for Segara-Cilacap Berbak-Sembilang Integrated Coastal Wetlands Conservation Project Komodo National Park Collaborative Management Initiative
1993 Roster of ICM efforts WB funded project WB ICM database 12/01 GEF/WB/IFC funded GEF w/s 1/02 WB ICM database 12/01
IRAN
Caspian Sea coast National Component of the Caspian Action Plan Coordinator Marine Environmental Research Bureau P.O. Box 5181, Nejatoldh Ave., Tehran Iran Ph: 98 21 880-8776, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] CasEP w/s 7/01
IRELAND
Nation-wide Coastal Zone Management: A Draft Policy for Ireland Main Report 1998 Implementing alternative strategies in Irish beach and dune management: involvement in sustainable coastal development (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme) Principal Officer Coastal Zone Administration Division Lesson Lane, Dublin 2, Ireland Ph: 1 619 9200, fax. [phone] Contact Darius Bartlett
County Donegal
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
EU ICZM demo w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 25 of 58
Dublin Bay
Dublin Bay Water Quality Management Plan The Development of a Consensus Based Integrated Coastal Zone Management Strategy for Bantry Bay (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
Coordinator Environmental Protection Agency St. Martin's House, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4 Ireland Coordinator Cork County Council Courthouse, Skibbereen County Cork, Ireland Ph: 353 28 21299, fax: 21995, [e-mail] www.ucc.ie/ucc/research/crc/pages/Life/pages/index.html
Source?
Bantry Bay
EU ICZM Demo. w/s 1/02
ISLE of MAN (British Crown Dependency) ISRAEL
Mediterranean Coast National Outline Scheme for the Mediterranean Coast (1983) Coastal Area Management Programme for Israel Eilat Coast ICM Plan? Proposed Marine Peace Park? Coordinator Environmental Planning, Ministry of the Environment 5 Kanfei Nesharim St., Givat Shaul, Jerusalem, Israel [e-mail] What are the local contact points and who is the contact person? http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html 1993 Roster of ICM Efforts
Mediterranean Coast Eilat Coast Gulf of Aqaba (Egypt, Israel, Jordan)
UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP w/s 1/02 Contact Reuven Ortal
ITALY
Nation-wide Management of Coastlines for Marine and Terrestrial Protected Areas Coordinator National Technical Board for Marine Protected Areas, Ministry of Environment, Via C. Colombo 44 00147, Rome, Italy Ph: 39 06 5722-3436, Fax: [phone]. [e-mail] Director Marine Environment Research Center, ENEA (National Agency for Energy and Environment), Santa Teresa, La Spezia, Italy Ph 39 0187 978 260 fax [phone] [e-mail] Coordinator Consorzio Venezia Nuova S. Marco 2803, 30124 Venezia, Italy Coordinator Regione Abruzzi Piazze S. Giusta - Palazzo Centi, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy Ph: 39 862 364-503, Fax: 364-565 Contact Federico Cinquepalmi
Nation-wide
National Coastal Plan
Venice
Venice Lagoon Safeguard Program Rational for Integrated Coastal Area Management -RICAMA (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
Abruzzi
EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 26 of 58
Gulf of Naples
Territorial coordination scheme for the harbour system and coast of the Gulf of Naples Also The focal point for the Posidonia Project involving Athens, Barcelona, Palermo, and Taranto. (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
Project manager Naples Provincial Authority, 293 via dei Tribunali, 80138 Napoli, Italy 39 81 552-0552, fax: [phone] Also, See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts for the Posidonia Project
Terra Programme EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
JAMAICA
Nation-wide The Jamaica Coral Reef Action Plan National Integrated Coastal Zone Management Programme (1996) Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean South Coastal Sustainable Development Project (JA-0112) Proposed Project 10/01 The Study of the Kingston Harbour Area? Portland Bight Sustainable Development Area Coastal Zone Management in Portland Bight Coordinator Caribbean Coastal Area Management (CCAM) Foundation 7 Lloyds Close, Kingston 8, Jamaica, W.I. Ph: 876 978 4050, Fax: [phone] [e-mail] Natural Resources Conservation Authority Contact Peter Espeut CZ 97 and 99 Jamaica Sustainable Development Networking Programme w/s 1/02 GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
Nation-wide
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds
(In the pipeline)
South Coast
Has the local director been selected? If so, need address and contact points. Need name of contact person, adddress and contact points. Coordinator Caribbean Coastal Area Management (CCAM) Foundation 7 Lloyds Close, Kingston 8, Jamaica, W.I.. Ph:. 876 978 4050, Fax: [phone]. [e-mail] Continuation of the above project? (In the pipeline)
IADB w/s 1/02 Eduardo Figueroa, Project leader Jamaica Sustainable Development Networking ws 1/02 CZ 97 and 99
Kingston Harbour
Portland Bight
Portland Bight
GEF/UNDP/IADB funded GEF w/s 1/02
JAPAN
Nation-wide Outline of Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plans (for local authorities to build ICZM plans (Promulgated February 2000?) Basic Plan for the Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea Ocean Affairs Office Planning and Coordination Bureau, National Land Agency Ph: 81 3 3593-3311 x 7312, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.nla.go.jp/keika/substract_eng.htm Need name of contact person, address and contact points. CSD Report 11/98 www.nla.go.jp/welcome-e.html to be translated. Contact Harvey Shapiro
Seto Inland Sea
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 27 of 58
JERSEY ISLAND (Self-governing with the U.K. only responsible for foreign affairs and national defense) JORDAN
Nation-wide Gulf of Aqaba Environmental Action Plan GEF Programme Aqaba, Jordan Ph: 962 3 201 9405, Fax: [phone] GEF-WB funded GEF w/s 1/02
KAZAKHSTAN
Caspian Sea (Nation-wide) National Component of the Caspian Action Plan Water and Environmental Management in the Aral Sea Basin Coordinator Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources Karl Marx Street, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan Ph: 7 3272 5 4242, Fax: 50620, [e-mail] See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts CasEP w/s
Aral Sea
KENYA
Nation-wide The Coastal Resources Management Project (CRM II) What has happened to this nation-wide effort? Any local contact for a national effort? or Coordinator Coastal Resources Center, URI Bay Campus, Kingston R.I. Ph: 401 874-6224, fax: [phone], [e-mail], www.crc.uri.edu Who is local contact, address, and contact points? or Coordinator Coastal Resources Center, URI Bay Campus, Kingston R.I. Ph: 401 874-6224, fax: [phone], [e-mail], www.crc.uri.edu See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts CRC w/s 1/02 CZ 99,
Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu area
Integrated Coastal Area Management Initiative
CRC w/s 1/02 SEACAM w/s 12/01
Lake Victoria
Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP)
KIRIBATI
Nation-wide Land and sea resources management capacity component of the National Environmental Management Strategy (to be completed in 1997) Need local contact person, address and contact points
SPREP w/s 1/02 Contact SPREP
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 28 of 58
KOREA
Nation-wide National Ocean Management System, Coastal Management Act Coordinator Marine Policy Center Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute Ansan, P. O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, South Korea CZ 99 Contact Dosoo Jang
KUWAIT
National study for ROPME?
LATVIA
Nation-wide? The Latvia Coast (EU ICZM Demo Program) Coordinator Ministry of the Environment & Regional Development Peldu St. 25, 1494 Riga, Latvia Ph: 371 7 026411, Fax: 820442, [e-mail] Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Baltic States and Poland Need local contact person, address, and contacts Latvian Fund for Nature Riga, Latvia EU Phare Programme support EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02 EU PHARE funded CSD Report 11/98 EUCC w/s 1/02 Work done by EUCC as a demo project EUCC w/s 1/02
Nation-wide Lake Kanieris and Kemeri National Park
Coastal Investment Strategy Conservation Project for Lake Kanieris and Kemeri National Park
LEBANON
Nation-wide Khaldeh to the Southern border with Israel Integrated Coastal Zone Management Program Coastal Management Programme for Lebanon Council for Development and Reconstruction. Program to `be funded by the World Bank (deadline for submission of proposals pending) What are the local contact points and who is the contact person? http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html CSD Report 4/99 Contact PAP UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP w/s 1/02
LIBYA LITHUANIA
Nation-wide National Strategy on Integrated Coastal Zone Management The Lithuanian Coast (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme) Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Baltic States and Poland Need name of contact person, adddress and contact points. Coordinator Ministry of Environmental Protection Juozapaviciaus 9, Vilnius 2600, Lithuania Ph: 370 2 723432, Fax: 728020 See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts CSD Report 12/98
Nation-wide
Funded by EU PHARE EU ICZM Demo w/s
Nation-wide
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 29 of 58
Nemanus Delta and Rusne Island
Management plan for Rusne Island (1995-2001)
Need name of local contact persons, address, and contacts Lithuanian Fund for Nature Vilnius, Lithuania
Work done by EUCC as a demo project EUCC w/s 1/02
MADAGASCAR
Nation-wide Second Environment Program Support Project Master Plan for Coastal Zone Management Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) Menabe Regional Development Committee Need local contact person, address, and contact points UNDP, Bank/GEFassociated IDA Project WB ICM database 12/01 Support from EU(REP-IOC/EU) Indian Ocean Cmsn Programme
Menabe area
MADEIRA (Self-governing Island Region of Portugal) MALAWI
Lake Malawi/Nyasa Lake Malawi/Nyasa Biodiversity Conservation Project See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
MALAYSIA
Nation-wide? Malaysia Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project.National Policy Formulation, Pilot Projects in Penang, Sabah, and Sarawak (Project start 1996) Conservation of Biodiversity in the Marine Parks of Peninsula Malaysia Panang Integrated Coastal Zone Management Pilot Project Sabah Integrated Coastal Zone Management Pilot Project Sarawak ICZM Pilot Project Economic Planning Unit Prime Minister's Department Jalan Sultan salahuddin 50622 Kuala Lumpur Ph: 60 3 293 3333/230 0133, Fax: [phone], Malaysia epu w/s (In the pipeline) Panang ICZM Unit State Economic Planning Unit, Chief Minister's Office Ph: 65 04 650 5413, fax: [phone], [e-mail] Head of the ICZM Unit Ph: 60 088 268-589, fax: 222-557, [e-mail] www.iczm.sabah.gov.my Sarawak ICZM Unit Sarawak State Planning Unit, Chief Minister's Department Ph: 65 082 492 273, fax: 440 506, [e-mail] Site Manager Klang ICM Project, Selangor Waters Management Authority 5th Floor, Bangunan, SSAAS, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia Ph: 60 3 5511-7143, fax: [phone], www.pemsea.org Funding from DANCED DANCED w/s
East coast
GEF/UNDP funded GEF w/s 1/02 Funding from DANCED DANCED w/s Funding from DANCED DANCED w/s Funding from DANCED DANCED w/s
Pinang
Sabah
Sarawak
Klang district
Klang district: National ICM Demonstration Project
PEMSEA w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 30 of 58
South Johore
South Johore Coastal Resources Plan
Pilot Site of the ASEAN Coastal Resources Management Program (1986-1992) What became of this project?
1993 Roster of ICM efforts NOAA w/s Contact PEMSEA
MALDIVES
Nation-wide Nation-wide? Second National Environmental Action Plan (6/99) Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity Associated with Coral Reefs in the Maldives Ministry of Home Affairs, Environment Section www.environment.gov.mv/index_2.htm (In the pipeline) Source: Environment Maldives w/s GEF/UNDP funded GEF w/s 1/02
MALTA
Nation-wide Coastal Area Management Programme for Malta What are the local contact points and who is the contact person? Environmental Planning Department Ministry of Environment http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP w/s 1/02
MARSHALL ISLANDS (Self-governing in free association with the United States)
Majuro Atoll Marshall Islands Coastal Management Project Need name of contact person, adddress and contact points. UNDP w/s
MARTINIQUE (Overseas Department of France) MAURITANIA
Baie d'Arguin
Parc Nacional du Banc d'Arguin
Need name of contact person, adddress and contact points.
IUCN project
MAURITIUS
Nation-wide National Environmental Action Plan and pilot program to address coastal issues Management and the Protection of Endangered Marine Environment in Mauritius Programme for the Integrated Management of the Eastern Area of Mauritius Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. SEACAM w/s 12/01
Nation-wide
SEACAM w/s 12/01
Eastern Area
SEACAM w/s 12/01
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 31 of 58
MAYOTTE ISLAND (Territorial Collectivity of France) MEXICO
Nation-wide Special Program for the Sustainable Development of Beaches, the Federal Marine Lands and Reclaimed Areas, 1996-2000 Secretariat of Environment, Natural Resources, and Fisheries www.semarnap.gob.mx SDA Report 2/99, CZ 99 Contact Martin Merino
Gulf of California
National Ecology Institute (INE) Is there a local contact, address, and contact points? or Mexico Program Manager Coastal Resources Center, URI, Bay Campus, Narragansett, R.I. Ph: 401 874-6135, fax:[phone], [e-mail], www.crc.uri.edu Program Director, EPOMEX University of Campeche AP 520, Campeche 24030, Mexico Need name of contact person, adddress and contact points. Is there a local contact, address, and contact points? or Mexico Program Manager Coastal Resources Center, URI, Bay Campus, Narragansett, R.I. Ph: 401 874-6135, fax:[phone], [e-mail], www.crc.uri.edu Is there a local contact, address, and contact points? or Mexico Program Manager Coastal Resources Center, URI, Bay Campus, Narragansett, R.I. Ph: 401 874-6135, fax:[phone], [e-mail], www.crc.uri.edu
CRC w/s 1/02
Gulf of California Bahia Santa Maria, Sinaloa
Bahia Santa Maria Vision for 2015 and Plan
CRC w/s 1/02
Laguna de Terminos Campeche Sian Kaan Quintana Roo
Management Plan for Laguna de Terminos System Management Program for Sian Kaan Biosphere Reserve
1993 Roster of ICM efforts Contact: Alajandro Yanez-Arrancibia World Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve
Xcalak Peninsula Quintana Roo
Integrated Coastal Management for the Xcalak Peninsula
CRC w/s 1/02
Chetumal Bay region, Quintana Roo
Coastal Management Network
CRC w/s 1/02
MICRONESIA Federated States (Self-governing with free association to the United States)
Nation-wide? Strategic Level for ICM in context with the National Environmental Management Strategy If still underway, Need local contact person, address, and contact points Coordinator Development Review Cmsn. PO Box DRC, Kosrae 96944 Federated States of Micronesia Ph: 691 370 2076, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.geocities.com/Rainforst/Jungle/3481/index.htm SPREP w/s 1/02
Kosrae Island
Kosrae Shoreline Management Project
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 32 of 58
Kosrae Island Phonpei Island
Kosrae Island Resources Management Plan (Adopted 1992) Pohnpei Coastal Resources Management Plan Yap State Marine Resources and Coastal Management Plan Strategic Level for ICM in context with the National Environmental Management Strategy
Kosrae Sate Office of Budget and Planning Pohnpei State Environmental Protection Agency Director of Department of Resources and Development Yap State Government P.O. Box 336, Colonia, YAP Federal States of Micronesia 96943 If still underway, Need local contact person, address, and contact points
1993 Roster of ICM efforts Hawaii Sea Grant w/s 1993 Roster of ICM efforts Hawaii Sea Grant w/s 1993 Roster of ICM efforts Contact Douglas Ramsey Hawaii Sea Grant w/s SPREP w/s 1/02 Contact SPREP
Yap Island
Yap Island
MONACO (Sovereign with French defense of independence as well as customs and monetary unity)
Ocean Code of March 1998? SDA Report 11/98 Contact PAP/RAC
MONTSERRAT (Overseas Territory of the U.K.) MOROCCO
"A strategy for the protection and integrated development of the coast is in the process of elaboration by the Department of the Environment" (August 1999?) Nation-wide Coastal Area Management Programme for Morocco CSD Report 8/99 Contact PAP/RAC
Is this what PAP is doing?
What are the local contact points, address, and who is the contact person? http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html
UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP w/s 1/02
MOZAMBIQUE
Nation-wide National Program for Coastal Zone Management Marine and Coastal Biodiversity Management Project (1999-2002) Marine and Coastal Biodiversity Management Project (In the pipeline) Coordinator Ministry for the Co-ordination of Environmental Affairs Coastal Zone Management Unit P.O. Box 804 Maputo, Mozambique [e-mail] Contact SEACAM for local contact person, address, and contact points. Is this the same project as above and/or below? If so, need local contact person, address, and contact points Contact SEACAM CZ 99
Nation-wide
SEACAM w/s 12/01 GEF Project WB ICM database 12/01
Nation-wide
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 33 of 58
Nation-wide
Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Management Project (1999) Management of the Incomati River Basin and Adjacent Coastal Zone (2000-2005) Lake Malawi/Nyasa Biodiversity Conservation Project Mercufi Coastal Zone Management Program Development-conservation strategies for integrated coastal management in Maputaland Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan for the City of Beira (completed in 1999) Xai-xai District Coastal Management Program (1998-2000) Inhaca Island Development Project
Is this project the same or different from the projects above? If so, need local contact person, address, and contact points Coordinator Coastal Zone Management Centre, RIKZ See also Table C-4: International ICM Efforts www.netcoast projects w/s 1/02 See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
WB funded project WB ICM database 12/01 Work done by the Dutch CZM Centre netcoast projects w/s 1/02 GEF Biodiversity w/s 1/02 SEACAM w/s 12/01
Incomati River Basin and Adjacent Coastal Zone Lake Malawi/Nyasa Cabo Delgado Province Maputaland
Beira
Contact SEACAM for local contact person, address, and contact points. Contact SEACAM for local contact person, address, and contact points. Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points.
Work done by the Dutch CZM Centre SEACAM w/s 12/01 Netcoast projects w/s 1/02 SEACAM w/s SEACAM w/s 12/01
Xai-xai District Inhaca Island
NAMIBIA
Erongo Region Erongo Region Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project ICZM Project Erongo Regional Council, P.O. Box 1230 Swakopmund, Namibia Ph and fax: [phone], www.iczm-erongo.com.na Funded by DANCED
Benguela Current (Nation-wide)
Integrated Management of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
NAURU
Nation-wide Coastal Protection Project If still underway, Need local contact person, address, and contact points SOPAC w/s 1/02
NETHERLANDS
Nation-wide A Coastal Zone Perspective: A Preparatory Study Coordinator RIKZ, PO 20907, 2500 Ex Den Haag, Netherlands Ph: 31 70 311 4376, fax [phone] Contact: Frank van der Meulen
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 34 of 58
North Sea coast
Coastal Vision 2050
Coordinator Province of North Holland, Haarlem Ph: 31 23 514-3312 Titian Oterdoom Province of South Holland, The Hague Ph: 31 70 441-6388 See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts Rijkswaterstaat, Directorate Zeeland J. Coosen Middelburg Ph: 31 118 686-6232
Source: Marcel Marchand
Wadden Sea Schelde Estuary
Wadden Sea Management Plan: Long Term Vision on the Schelde Estuary
Marcel Marchand
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (Self-governing islands, Netherlands for defense & foreign affairs) NEW CALEDONIA (Overseas Territory of France) NEW ZEALAND
Nation-wide National Coastal Policy Statement Regional Coastal Plans and Restricted Coastal Activities The Coastal Section Department of Conservation P.O. Box 10-420, Wellington, New Zealand http://www.doc.govt.nz/cons/marine/restri.htm Source: New Zealand Department of Conservation w/s
NICARAGUA
Nation-wide Action Plan for Natural Resources in Nicaragua's Coastal Zone Focus now on Fonseca, Estero Real, and Laguna de Perlas Pilot projects along Nicaragua's coastal area of the Gulf of Fonseca. (See also El Salvador and Honduras) (Component of the PROARCA-Costas program) (See also Table C-4: International Efforts) Pilot projects along Nicaragua's coastal area of the Misquito Coast (See also Honduras) (Component of the PROARCA-Costas program) (See also Table C-4: International Efforts) Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Support provided by Denmark in 1996 SDA Report 3/99 Check DANIDA and DANCED w/s
Gulf of Fonseca
Is there a local coordinator Nicaragua's part of the Gulf of Fonseca?
PROARCA - Costas w/s 1/02
Miskito Coast (between Cabo Cameron in Honduras and Laguna de Perlas in Nicaragua)
Is there a local coordinator Nicaragua's part of the Mosquito coast ?
PROARCA - Costas w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-1 Page 35 of 58
North Caribbean coast and estuary of the San Juan River
Formulation of a Strategic Action Program for the Integrated Management of Water Resources and the Sustainable Development of the San Juan River Basin and its Coastal Zone Coastal Area Monitoring Project (CAMP) Laguna de Perlas? Is this a component of PROARCA - Costas?
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
GEF-UNDP-OAS funded GEF w/s 1/02
Laguna de Perlas
"Program spearheaded by MARENA"?
Contact Pam Rubinoff and Rafael Calderon
NIGER
Lake Chad Integrated Management of the Lake Chad Basin See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
NIGERIA
Nation-wide "National Policy and Action Plan on Integrated Coastal Area Management"? Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem Project Rehabilitation and Management Program for Lagos Lagoon Integrated Management of the Lake Chad Basin See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts Roster of ICM efforts (1993) Contact Awosika Source? Contact Larry Awosika
Nation-wide Lagos Lagoon Lake Chad
NIUE (Self-governing Overseas Territory in free association with New Zealand) NORFOLK ISLAND (Territory of Australia) NORTH KOREA
Nampo area Nampo lntegrated Coastal Management Demonstration Site Division Director General Bureau foir Cooperation with International Organizations Jungsong-dong, Central District, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea Ph: 8502 381-3174/3175, fax: [phone], www.pemsea.org PEMSEA w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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NORWAY
Nation-wide National Oceans Policy (Fully integrated with the National Strategy for Sustainable Development) Local management plans on the Norwegian coasts (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme 1997-99) Hordaland County Plan for the Coastal Zone (1996) National Policy Guidelines for Planning in Coastal and Marine Areas in Oslofjord Need name of contact person, adddress and contact points. Coordinator Byr Nord AS, Postbox 44, Soldjellsjen 8820 Dnna, Norway Ph: 47 750 55300, Fax: 55320. [e-mail] Hordaland County Need name of contact person, adddress and contact points. CSD Report 4/97
Eighteen municipalities in Hegleland
EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02 EUCC ICM Progress w/s 1/02
Hordaland County
EUCC ICM Progress w/s 1/02
Oslofjord region
CSD Report 4/97
OMAN
Nation-wide Oman Coastal Zone Management Program (Seven year project completed in 1990) Ministry of Environment Muscat, Oman 1993 Roster of ICM efforts Oman w/s Contact Rod Salm
PAKISTAN
Nation-wide Coastal Environmental Management Plan for Pakistan? (1996) Environment and Natural Resources Management Division Source?
PALAU (Constitutional self-governance in free association with the United States) PALESTINE NATIONAL AUTHORITY
Gaza strip Gaza Coastal and Marine Environmental Action Plan Coordinator Palestinian Environmental Authority P. O. Box 296, Hebron, West Bank, Palestine or DHV Consultants and Delft Hydraulics MedCoast 97 Contact Marcel Marchand
PANAMA
Caribbean coast corridor between Bocas del Toro (Panama) + the northern boundary of Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Gondoca-Manzanillo (Costa Rica) Pilot projects along Panama's section of the coastal corridor (See also Costa Rica) (Component of the PROARCA-Costas program) (See also Table C-4: International Efforts) Is there a local coordinator of Panama's part of the coastal corridor ?
PROARCA - Costas w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Nation-wide? Nation-wide Milne Bay Province Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan (1999) Strategic Level for ICM in context with the National Environmental Management Strategy Community Based Coastal and Marine Conservation in Milne Bay Province Need local contact person, address, and contact points If still underway, Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) GEF Project WB ICM database 1/02 SPREP w/s 1/02 Contact SPREP GEF/UNDP funded GEF database 1/02
PERU
Northwest Collaborative Management for the Conservation and Sustainable Development of the Northwest Biosphere Preserve (1999) Conservation of Biodiversity in the Watershed of Lake Titicaca: Strategic Bi-national Plan Need local contact person, address, and contact points GEF-MSB Project WB ICM database 12/01
Lake Titicaca
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
GEF/UNDP
PHILIPPINES
Coastal Resource Management Project Six learning areas: Palawan; San Vincente. Negros Oriental; Southeast Cebu; Olango area Bohol; NW area. Sarangani Bay. Davao del Sur; Malaga Bay. (Each area will be given a separate listing in a future iteration) Integrated Coastal Resources Management (PPTA: PHI 33276-01) Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Conservation in Mindanao (I999) Supplement to the Mindanao Rural Development Project Coastal Environment Management Plan for Macajalar Bay (Completed in 1996?) Integrated Coastal Management Parallel Site for the Bataan Peninsula Coordinator Coastal Resource Management Project 5th floor CIFC Towers, North Reclamation Area Cebu City 6000, Philippines Ph: 633 2 232 1821, Fax: 1825. [e-mail]
Nation-wide
CZ 99 and USAID w/s 1/02
Nation-wide
(In the pipeline) Need local contact person, address, and contact points Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Director Bataan ICM Project c/o Provincial Government of Bataan Balanga, Bataan, Philippines Ph: 632 047 237-3488 / 791-2632, fax: [phone] [e-mail], www.pemsea.org
GEF/UNDP/ADB funded GEF w/s + ADB w/s 1/02 WB funded project WB ICM database 12/01 GEF Project WB ICM database 12/01 Funded by ESCAP
Mindanao Mindanao Macajalar Bay area Minadano
Bataan Peninsula
Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) w/s 12/01
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Batangas Bay Region
Batangas Bay Integrated Coastal Management Demonstration Site (during the pilot phase) Sustainable Development of the Laguna de Bay Environment
Need local contact person and contact points www.pemsea.org Coordinator Laguna Lake Development Authority Ph: 63 1 2552 or Delft Hydraulics and Haskoning Consultants Is this correct? Pilot Site of the ASEAN Coastal Resources Management Program (1986-1992) What became of this project? Director Manila Bay Environmental Project, DENR Visayas Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines 1165 Ph: 63 2 929-66-26 X 2102, [e-mail], www.pemsea.org Demonstration of the CRC's two track approach
PEMSEA w/s 1/02
Laguna de Bay
Source: Marcel Marchan
Lingayan Gulf
Integrated Coastal Management Plan for Lingayan Gulf
1993 Roster of ICM efforts
Manila Bay
Manila Bay Environmental Management Project
PEMSEA w/s 1/02
A province in central Philippines
Proposed ICM Pilot Project? Coastal Resources Management and Sustainable Tourism (UNDP project #PHI/98/007A/01/13) (1998-1999) Coastal resources management and ecotourism: an intersectoral approach to localizing sustainable development. Ulugan Bay
Coastal Resources Center University of Rhode Island w/s www.crc.uri.edu
Ulugan Bay, Puerto Princessa, Palawan
What is the connection with the project below?
UNDP projects w/s 1/02
Ulugan Bay, Palawan
Coordinator Marine Science Institute CS. U. of Philippines, Diliman 1101 Quezon City, the Philippines Ph: 63 2 922-3959, fax: [phone], [e-mail]
Support from UNESCO CSI Programme, www.unesco.org/csi
POLAND
Nation-wide Vistula Lagoon, Municipality of Tolkmicko General Vision and Management Plan for the Oder Delta Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Baltic States and Poland See also Table C-4: International ICM Efforts Administered by the County Board of Vastmanland, Sweden Coordinator EUCC Poland Bociania 9-B, 02-807 Warsaw, Poland [e-mail] EU PHARE programme funded CSD Report 11/98 EUCC ICM Progress w/s 1/02 Work done by EUCC as a demo project EUCC w/s 1/'02
Oder Delta
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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PORTUGAL
Algarve and Huelva, Spain Integrated management of the Algarve-Huelva coast (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme) Algarve and Ria Formosa Coastal Zone Management Plan Coordinator Asociacion de Municipios Hispano-Lusa Jornal do Algarve 24 C, 8900 Vila Real de Sto. Antonio, Portugal Ph: 351 281 511-488, fax: 511-663, [e-mail] Also see Figure C-4: International ICM Efforts Coordinator ANJE, Estrada da Penha, PT -8000, Faro, Portugal Ph: 351 289 862-902, fax: 862-907, [e-mail] Coordinator Area Metropolitana do Porto Avenida dos Aliados, no 133, 3, Porto, Portugal 351 22 339-2020, Fx 208-4099, [e-mail]/ [e-mail] www.esturiales.org.fr Coordinator U. de Aveiro, Departamento Ambiente e Ordenamiento Campus Universitario 3810 Aveiro, Portugal Ph: 351 234 370-299, Fax: 29290, [e-mail] Coordinator Area Metropolitana de Lisboa Rua Carlos Mayer no 2 r/c, 1700-102 Lisboa Portugal Ph: 351 21 842-8570, Fx: 842-8577, [e-mail]/ www.esturiales.fr Coordinator VALIMA Edf. Dos Antigos Pacos do Concelho, 1 4990 Ponte de Lima, Portugal Ph: 351 258 909-340, fax: 743-541 EU TERRA Programme EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
The Region of Algarve and Ria Formosa
Douro River and estuary
Management Program for the Douro estuary
Estuariales Network
Ria de Aveiro
Programme of integrated management for the Ria de Aveiro (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
EU Life Programme EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
Tagus River
Management Program for the Ria Tagus Cooperation, integrated management and sustainable development in the coastal zone of Vale do Lima (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
Esturiales Network and w/s 7/01
Vale do Lima
EU TERRA Programme EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
QATAR
National study for ROPME?
REUNION (Overseas Department of France) ROMANIA
Black Sea National ICZM Assessment Report and National Black Sea Strategic Action Plan Danube Delta Strategy and Management Plan Coordinator Romanian Marine Research Institute B-dul Mamaia N.300, 8700, Constanta 3 Romania Ph: 40 41 643-288, Fax: 831-274. [e-mail] Danube Delta Authority Tulchea, Romania [e-mail] CSD Report 11/98 BSEP w/s 1996
Danube Delta
GEF supported project
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Constanta County
ICZM and Investment Plan for Constanta County
World Bank
EUCC w/s 7/12
RUSSIA
Nation-wide Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Russia Project Coordinator Department of Environmental Research Ministry of Science and Technology 11, Tverskaya Str., Moscow 103905, Russia Ph: 7 (095) 925 96 09, Fax: [phone]. [e-mail] Coordinator Krasnodar Regional Committee for Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 19 Krasnaya Str. Krasnodar, Russia Ph: 7 8612 570-431, fax 528-832. [e-mail] Coordinator Krasnodar Regional Committee for Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 19 Krasnaya Str. Krasnodar, Russia Ph: 7 8612 570-431, fax 528-832. [e-mail] Coordinator State Committee for Environmental Protection 123812 Moscow GSP Gruzinskaya St. 4/6 Ph: 95 254 6733, Fax: 8283. [e-mail] (c/o S Tikonov, CIP) Vice-President EUCC, Universittetskaya emb. 7/9, 99034 St. Petersburg, Russia [e-mail] Murmansk Province State Committee on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Medcoast 97 Contact Yuri Mikhaylichenko
Black and Azov Seas coastline
Integrated Programme on Coastal Zone Management for the Black and Azov Seas (1998-2010)
CSD Report 1/99 Contact Yuri Mikhaylichenko and Leonid Yarmak
Black and Azov Seas coastline
National ICZM Assessment Report and National Black Sea Strategic Action Plan
BSEP w/s 1996 Contact Leonid Yarmak
Caspian Sea coastline
National Component of the Caspian Action Plan Pilot project for the coastal zone of the Kingisepp District, Leningrad Oblast The Barents Sea Region Sustainable Development Regional Plan for Sustainable Coastal Development
CasEP w/s 7/01
Baltic Sea coastline
EUCC Contact Yuri Mikhaylichenko or Raphael Vartanov CSI w/s 1/02
Barents Sea coastline Palkin Bay (White Sea Area)
Glendjik Bay Black Sea
ICZM Pilot Project
Coordinator Krasnodar Regional Committee for Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 19 Krasnaya Str. Krasnodar, Russia Ph: 7 8612 570-431, fax 528-832. [e-mail]
Contact Leonid Yarmak
SABA (Component of the Netherlands Antilles) Saint HELENA, ASCENSION and TRISTAN de CUNHA (Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Saint KITTS (CHRISTOPHER) and NEVIS
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds Frigate Bay (St. Kitts) Pinney's Beach (Nevis) Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean Caribbean Planning for Global Climate Change (Component 8) (In the pipeline) GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02 Natural Resources Institute w/s 1/02
Need name of contact person, adddress and contact points.
Saint LUCIA
Integrated Coastal Management Plan for the Castries area? Nation-wide? Coastal Wetland and Ecosystem Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods Project Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean Soufriere Marine Management Area Proposed OECS and ODA ICZM Program St. Lucia National Trust Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) (In the pipeline) Manager Soufriere Marine Management Area PO Box 305, Soufriere, St. Lucia, W. I. Ph: 758 459 5500; fax: [phone]. [e-mail] www.smma.org.lc Contact OECS and Brian Nicholls GEF-WB project WB ICM database 12/01
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds
GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
Soufriere area
Saint PIERRE and MIQUELON (Self-governing Collectivity of France) Saint VINCENT and the GRENADINES
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean (In the pipeline)
GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
SAMOA
Aleipata and Safata districts Marine Biodiversity Protection and Management (1999) Need local contact person, address, and contact points WB funded project WB ICM database 12/01
SO TOM and PRNCIPE
Nation-wide? Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2000) Need local contact person, address, and contact points GEF-IBRD Project WB ICM database 12/01
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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SAUDI ARABIA
Arabian/Persian Gulf Red Sea National study for ROPME? An Assessment of Management for the Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coastal Zone 1993 Roster of ICM efforts Contact John Clark, Rod Salm
SENEGAL
Nation-wide? Marine and Coastal Biodiversity Conservation Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) GEF-WB funded project WB ICM database 12/01
SEYCHELLES
Nation-wide Grand Anse Marine Ecosystem Management Project (2000) Grand Anse ICZM Pilot Project (1998-2000) Need local contact person, address, and contact points Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. GEF-IBRD Project WB ICM database 12/01 SEACAM w/s
SINGAPORE
Nation-wide? Strategies for Urban Coastal Area Management Pilot Site of the ASEAN Coastal Resources Management Program (1986-1992) What became of this project? Contact PEMSEA
Sint EUSTACIUS (Component of the Netherlands Antilles) Sint MAARTEN (Component of the Netherlands Antilles) SLOVENIA
Nation-wide Slovenian Coastal Zone Management Project (EC project #ZZ96 03) Slovenian Coastal Zone Management Project (Same as CAMP?) Could you provide me with the local contact person, address and points of contact? EC DGIA PHARE Program funding EUCC ICM Progress w/s 1/02 CSD Report 2/99. Contact PAP/RAC
Nation-wide
Is this the same as below? What are the local contact points and who is the contact person? Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning Ljubljana, Slovenia http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html
Nation-wide?
Coastal Area Management Programme for Slovenia
UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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SOLOMON ISLANDS
Nation-wide Solomon Islands Community Resource Conservation and Development Project (Since 1991 - ?) Land and sea resources management capacity component of the National Environmental Management Strategy (to be completed in 1997) Marine Resources Management and Conservation Project
World Wildlife Solomon Islands Program
WWF w/s 12/01
Nation-wide
Need local contact person, address and contact points
SPREP w/s 1/02 Contact SPREP
GEF/UNDP/ADB funded GEF w/s
Nation-wide?
(In the pipeline)
SOUTH AFRICA
Nation-wide Coastal Management Policy Programme (1996-2000) Coastal Management Office Dept. of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Private Bag X2, Roggebaai 8012, South Africa Ph: 27 21 402-3228, Fax: [phone] [e-mail] http://sacoast.wcape.gov.za Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. SEACAM w/s 12/01
Nation-wide Benguela Current
South Africa Coastal and Marine Resource Management Integrated Management of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem Development-conservation strategies for integrated coastal management in Maputaland Eastern Cape Province Coastal Management Eastern Cape Estuaries Management Programme (1998-2003) Cape Peninsula Biodiversity Conservation Biodiversity Project (1998) Coastal Resources Management in St. Helena Bay Coastal Resources Management in Saldanha, West Coast Management of the Dwesa and Cwebe Nature Reserves (1998-2000)
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. Contact SEACAM for local contact person, address, and contact points. Need local contact person, address, and contact points Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. Contact SEACAM for local contact person, address, and contact points. SEACAM w/s 12/01 SEACAM w/s 12/01 GEF Project WB ICM database 12/01 SEACAM w/s 12/01 SEACAM w/s 12/01 SEACAM w/s 12/01
Maputaland Eastern Cape Province Eastern Cape
Cape Peninsula St. Helena Bay Saldanha, West Coast Dwesa and Cwebe
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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SPAIN
Nation-wide The 1993-1997 Plan of Coasts Coordinator Subdirector General de Gestion del Dominio, Publico Maritimo Terrestre Plaza San Juande la Cruz s/n 28071 Madrid, Spain Ph: 91 597-6046, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Coordinator Officina de Gestion del Proyecto Concercoast de la Region de Valencia, Ajuntament de Gandia Passeig Germanias, 15 - esc A, ent 1, 4700 Gandia, Spain Ph: 34 96 287-5109, fax: [phone], [e-mail] Coordinator Asociacion de Municipios Hispano-Lusa Avda. de la Profesionalidad Edf. Escuela de Empresas, 21450 Cartaya, Huelva, Spain Ph: 34 5 939-0380, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] See also Table 4: International Efforts
Valencia community area
Cooperation, integrated management, and sustainable development (Concercoast) (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
EU Demo ICZM w/s 1/02
Huelva and Algarve, Portugal
Integrated management of the Algarve-Huelva coast (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
EU Demo ICZM w/s 1/02
SRI LANKA
Nation-wide National Coastal Zone Management Program Coastal Resource Management (SRI 31287-01) Coordinator Coast Conservation Department Fourth Floor, Maligawatta Secretariat, Colombo 10 Sri Lanka Ph:941 449-7547, [e-mail] To what extent has this project funded the efforts listed above? No specific locations mentioned on w/s description of the project. CRC w/s 1/02
Nation-wide?
ADB w/s 12/31/01 Contact ADB
SURINAME
North Saramacca area CommewijneMarowijne area A feasibility study and management plan for the North Saramacca area Management Plan for the North CommewijneMarowijne estuary area Need name of contact person, adddress and contact points. Has this project been funded? Ramsar w/s 12/01 Funded by UNEP/Jamaica Ramsar w/s Contact Bengt-Owe Jansson Research Programme on Sustainable Coastal Zone Management of Marine Resources (SUCOZOMA, 2001-2003) The Archipelago Project: Sustainable Development Project (1998-1999) Need name of contact person, adddress and contact points.
SWEDEN
Nation-wide
EUCC ICM Progress w/s 1/02
Swedish Archipelagos
Seven County Administrative Boards involved
EUCC ICM Progress w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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SWITZERLAND
Lake Geneva Management Program for Lake Geneva See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
SYRIA
Nation-wide Integrated Coastal Resource Management Plan What are the local contact points and who is the contact person? http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html UNEP MAP PAP/RAC w/s 1/02
TAIWAN TANZANIA
Nation-wide The Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership Tanga Coastal Zone Conservation and Development Project (1994-2000) Coastal Profile and Management Actions for Zanzibar Kunduchi Integrated Coastal Management Project (1997-2000) Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP) Implementing the Lake Tanganyika Strategic Action Program and Convention Lake Malawi/Nyasa Biodiversity Conservation Project Coordinator Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership PO Box 71686, Dar el Salaam, Tanzania Ph: 255 51 667-589, fax: 66861, [e-mail], http://epiq.org.tz Contact SEACAM for local contact person, address, and contact points. Contact SEACAM if the project was initiated, and if so, contact person, address, and contact points. Contact SEACAM for local contact person, address, and contact points. See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts CRC w/s 1/02, CZ 99
Tanga Island Zanzibar Kunduchi Lake Victoria
SEACAM w/s 12/01 SEACAM w/s 12/01 SEACAM w/s 12/01
Lake Tanganyika
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
Lake Malawi/Nyasa
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
GEF Biodiversity w/s 1/02
THAILAND
Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand subregional sea and pollution hot spots demonstration site Phuket Island Action Plan No link to it on the PEMSEA w/s Is it national or international? Contact person, address, and contact points needed CRC - AID CRMP Project Terminated when? Any transformation into something else? PEMSEA w/s 1/02
Phuket Island
1993 Roster of ICM efforts Contact CRC
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Sriracha and Chonburi Province
Chonburi: ICM Demonstration Site
Project Coordinator Chonburi ICM Site Mailing Address? Ph: 66 2 511-0212, mobile: [phone], fax: [phone] [e-mail], www.pemsea.org Pilot Site of the ASEAN Coastal Resources Management Program (1986-1992) What became of this project? Regional Advisor for Culture UNESCO Office, Regional Advisor for Culture in Asia and the Pacific PO Box 967, Prakanong, Bangkok, Thailand Fax: [phone], [e-mail]
PEMSEA w/s 1/02
Phangnga Bay and Ban Don Bay
Action Plan for the Upper South Sub-regions Coastal Zone
1993 Roster of ICM efforts
Surin Island
Indigenous People and Parks: the Surin Island Project
CSI w/s 1/02
TOGO
Nation-wide Coastal Profile Need contact person, address, and contact points Consultation provided by UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP/RAC w/s 1/02
TOKELAU ISLANDS (Overseas Territory of New Zealand) TONGA TRINIDAD and TOBAGO
Nation-wide? Or one or more watersheds Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in Small Island Dev. States in the Caribbean (In the pipeline) GEF/UNEP/UNDP funding GEF w/s 1/02
TUNISIA
Nation-wide Coastal Zone Management and Protection Program Coastal Area Management Programme for the Sfax Region Gulf of Gabes Marine and Coastal Resources Protection Director General National Agency for Coastal Zone Management and Protection Les Berges du Lac Lot A, Zone Nord L'Aouina 2045 Ph: 216 861-188, fax: 861-391 What are the local contact points and who is the contact person? http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP/RAC w/s 1/02 WB funded project, Biodiversity WB ICM database 12/01
Sfax Region
Gulf of Gabes
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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TURKEY
Nation-wide Black Sea coastline Definition, Use, and Planning of the Coastal Zone National ICZM Assessment Report and National Black Sea Strategic Action Plan Coastal Area Management Programme for the Bay of Izmir National Law of 1990 EIA and Planning Department, Ministry of Environment Eskisehir Yolu, 8km, 06 100 Ankara, Turkey Ph: 90 312 287-9964 x 2013, Fax: [phone] What are the local contact points and who is the contact person? http://pap.-thecoastcentre.org/activities.html 1993 ICZM Roster Contact Erdal Ozhan BSEP w/s 1996 Contact Erdal Ozhan UNEP MAP, PAP/RAC PAP w/s 1/02
Izmir Bay Black Sea
TURKMENISTAN
Caspian Sea (Nation-wide) National Component of the Caspian Action Plan Director Institute for Desert Flora and Fauna 102 Kemine St. Ashgabat 744000, Turkmenistan Ph: 993 12 395407, Fax: 353716. [e-mail] See also Table C-4: International ICM Efforts CasEP w/s
TURKS and CAICOS (Self-governing Territory of the U.K.)
Nation-wide CZM for Turks and Caicos Islands Coordinator Department of Environment and Coastal Resources Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands, British West Indies 1993 Roster of ICM efforts
TUVALU
Vaitupu, Nukulaelae, Fogafale, Amatuku, and Nukufetau Islands Studies on coastal inshore dynamics in order to improve coastal management (1993-96) Need local contact person, address, and contact points SOPAC w/s
UGANDA
Lake Victoria Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP) See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
UKRAINE
Nation-wide National ICZM Assessment Report and National Black Sea Strategic Action Plan Biodiversity Conservation in the Azov-Black Sea Ecological Corridor (1998) Coordinator Dept. for Regional Problems of Natural Resources 5 Kreschatik Str., Kyiv-1, Ukraine Ph: 380 44 228-5072, Fax: [phone]. [e-mail] Need local contact person, address, and contact points BSEP w/s 1996
Black and Azov Seas
WB funded project WB ICM database 12/01
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Black and Azov Seas
Project to conserve biodiversity and sustainable development in coast and upland sites of Black and Azov Seas Dnester Delta Demonstration Project (The project also includes Moldova) (1997-2001)
Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline)
GEF funded project WB ICM database 12/01 Work done by EUCC EUCC w/s 1/02
Dnester Delta
Need local contact person, address, and contact points
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Nation-wide National study for ROPME?
UNITED KINGDOM
Irish Sea (Ireland and U.K.) Irish Beaches and Dunes (Ireland and U.K.) England and Wales Heritage Coast Program See Table C-4: International ICM efforts See Table C-4: International ICM efforts Countryside Agency John Dower House, Crescent Place, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3RA U.K. Ph: 44 (0)1242 521-1381, fax: [phone], [e-mail] Coordinator English Coastal Forum 1/02 Temple Quay, 2 The Square, Temple Quay Bristol, BS1 CEB, U.K. Ph: 44 (0)117 372-8897, [e-mail] www.englishcoast.uk English Coast Forum w/s 1/02 EU ICZM Demo 1/02 English Coast Forum w/s 1/02 English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
England
English Coastal Forum
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Dart Estuary (England)
Dart Estuary Environmental Management Plan
Dart Estuary Officer 35 Lower Street, Dartmouth, Devon TQ6 9AN, U.K. Ph: 44 1803 835-801, fax: 835-802, [e-mail] www.dartmouth.force9.co.uk/frame.htm
The Dee Estuary Strategy c/o Metropolitan Borough of Wirral Education and Cultural Services Department Hamilton Building, Conway Street, Birkenhead, Wirral CH41 4FD U.K. [e-mail] www.deeestuary.org.uk Project Officer Atlantic Living Coastlines IMS, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth Devon PL4 8AA, UK Ph: 44 0752 232-470, fax: 232-472 [e-mail] www.alc.plymouth.ac.uk
CoastNet w/s 1/02 English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Dee Estuary (England and Wales)
The Dee Estuary Strategy
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02 Welsh Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Devon and Cornwall Counties (England)
Integrated management of a living Atlantic coastline (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02 English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Dorset County (England)
An integrated management strategy for an open coast
Coordinator Dorset County Council, Environment Services, County Hall, Colliton Park, Dorchester, Dorset DT1 1XJ, U.K. Ph: 44 1305 224-132, fax: 224-835, [e-mail] www.dorsetcoast.com Coordinator Duddon Estuary Partnership, Cumbria County Council County Offices, LA9 4RQ U.K. Ph: 44 1539773-427, Fax: 773-439 [e-mail] www.duddon-estuary.org.uk Turning the Tide Environment and Technical Services Department Durham County Council, County Hall, Durham DH1 5UQ U.K. Ph: 44 (0)191 383-4096, [e-mail] www.turning-the-tide.org.uk Essex Coastal Strategy Planning Division, County Hall Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1LF U.K. www.essexcc.gov.uk/enviro/struct/coastsrt/struct1.htm Exe Estuary Officer Lucombe House County Hall, Topsham Road Exeter, Devon EX2 4QW, U.K. Ph: 44 (0)1392 382236, [e-mail], www.exe-estuary.org Humber Forum 21 Marina Court, Castle St. Kingston upon Hull HU1 1TJ U.K. Ph: 44 (0)1482 596-777, fax: 596-799, info.humberforum.co.uk Coordinator Isle of Wight Council, County Hall Newport, Isle of Wight PO33 2QA, UK Ph: 44 1983 823-770, Fax: 823-707, [e-mail] or [e-mail] Coordinator Kent County Council Springfield, Maidstone, Kent ME14 2LX, UK Ph: 44 1622 696-180, fax: 687-620, [e-mail] Coordinator Mersey Strategy c/o Dept. of Planning and Economic Development Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council Town Hall, Brighton Street, Wallasey CH44 8ED U.K. Ph: 44 151 691-8216, Fax: [phone] [e-mail]/ www.livhope.ac.uk/ebs/merseystrategy/ www.merseybasin.org.uk
EU Life Programme EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02 English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Duddon Estuary (England)
Duddon Estuary Management Strategy
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Durham Coast (England)
Turning the Tide: Programme for the Restoration of the Durham coast
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Essex County (England)
Essex Coastal Strategy
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Exe Estuary (England)
Exe Estuary Partnership
Humber Estuary (England)
Humber Estuary Scheme of Management and Action Plan
CoastNet w/s 1/02
Isle of Wight (England)
Integrated management of Coastal Zones: Isle of Wight (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
EU Life Programme EU ICZM Demon w/s 1/02 English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Kent County (England)
Integrated management of the Kent coast (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
EU ICZM Demo. w/s 1/02 English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
The Mersey Estuary and River (England)
Mersey Strategy
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
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Morecambe Bay (England)
Morecombe Bay Partnership and Strategy
Coordinator Morecambe Bay Partnership 32 Market Place, Kendal LA9 4TN U.K. Ph: 44 1539 773-447, Fax: 773-446 [e-mail]/ www.morecambebay.org.uk Chair North West Coastal Forum Planning, Environment, and Regional Policy Coodination Group Government Office for the North West, Sunley Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1 4BE, U.K. Ph: 44 0 161 952-4242, fax: [phone] [e-mail]/ www.go-nw.gov.uk/nwcf Chairman Ribble Estuary Steering Group Lancaster County Council [e-mail]/ www.ribble-estuary.co.uk The Rye Bay Countryside Project 111b High Street, Rye, East Sussex, TN31 7JF 44 (0)1797 233-753 Sefton Coast Partnership Formby Council Offices, Freshfield Road, Formby Merseyside L37 3PG U.K. Ph: 44 151 934-2959, Fax: [phone] [e-mail]/ www.seftoncoast.org.uk www.merseyworld.com/sclife Solent Forum Officer c/o Hampshire County Council, The Castle Winchester, SO23 8UE. U.K. Ph: 44 01962 846-027, Fax: 846-776. www.solentforum.hants.org.uk Coordinator Community Planning Services Civic Centre, Plymouth, Devon PL1 2EW Ph: 44 01752 304-339, fax: 304-294, [e-mail] www.tamar-estuaries.org.uk www.teignbridge.gov.uk/test/teignstd.html Thames Estuary Partnership Geography Department, University College London Remax House, 31/32 Alfred Place, London, WC1EDP, U.K. Ph: 44 20 7679 5299, Fax: [phone] [e-mail]/ www.thamesweb.com
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
North West Coast (England)
North West Coastal Forum Local Government Association's National Coastal Strategy (2001)
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Ribble Estuary (England)
Ribble Estuary Partnership and Strategy The Rye Bay Management Plan and Camber Sands Management Plan (1996)
CoastNet w/s 1/02 English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Rye Bay (England)
CoastNet w/s 1/02 English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Sefton Coast (England)
Sefton Coast Management Plan
EU LIFE Programme support English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
The Solent (England)
Solent Forum
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Tamar Estuary and the Port of Plymouth (England) Teign Estuary (England)
Tamar Estuaries Consultative Forum and Port of Plymouth Marine Liaison Committee
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Teign Estuary Management Plan
Ribble Estuary Partnership English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Thames Estuary (England)
Thames Estuary Partnership and Management Guidance for the Thames Estuary
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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The Wash (England)
The Wash Management Plan
Coordinator Lincolnshire County Council Ph: 44 1522 553-040, Fax: 553-194 Graham King, Norfolk County Council Ph: 44 1603 222-762 Ian Paterson, English Nature Ph: 44 1476 68431, www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/yourcouncil/handp/wash.htm Coordinator Kingswood-BS15 2TR, U.K. Ph: 44 1 454 863-724, fx: 454 863 545, [e-mail] Coordinator Down District Council, 74 Market Street Downpatrick, County Down BT30 6LZ, Northern Ireland, U.K. Ph: 44 1396 612-233, Fax: 612-350, [e-mail]
English Coast Forum w/s 1/02
Wear Estuary (England)
Wear Estuary Management Plan
Esturiales Network EnglishCoast w/s 1/02
County Down (Northern Ireland)
Integrated management of the coast of Down Implementing alternative strategies in Irish beach and dune management:involvement in sustainable coastal development (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme) Strangford Lough Management Scheme
CoastNet w/s 1/02 EU ICZM Demo w/s 1/02
County Down (Northern Ireland)
See Table C-4: International ICM efforts
CoastNet w/s 1/02
Strangford Lough (Northern Ireland)
Strangford Lough Management Committee www.eshi.gov.uk/NaturalHeritage/StaticContent/ SLmanagementscheme.htm Coordinator Scottish Coastal Forum 1 J - South, Victoria Quay, Edinburgh, EH6 6QQ, U.K. 44 131 244-1540, Fax: [phone] [e-mail] or [e-mail] www.scotland.gov.uk/environment/coastalforum Project Officer Cromarthy Firth Liaison Group Ph: 44 (0)1349 855-510, [e-mail] Coordinator Fair Isle, Shetland ZE2 9JU U.K. Ph: 44 1595 760-224, Fax: 760-252 [e-mail]/ www.fairisle.org.uk/FIMETI Project Officer Firth of Clyde Forum Caspian House, 2 Mariner Court, 8 South Avenue Clydebank Business Park, Clydebank, G81 2NR, U.K. [e-mail]/ www.clydeforum.org
CoastNet w/s 1/02
Scotland
Scottish Coastal Forum
ScotCoast w/s 1/02
Cromarty Firth
Cromarty Firth Liaison Group and Management Project (To join with Moray Firth Parnetship as of 11/01) Fair Isle Marine Environment and Tourism Initiative
ScotCoast w/s 1/02
Fair Isle (Scotland)
ScotCoast w/s 1/02
Firth of Clyde (Scotland)
Management Strategy for the Firth of Clyde
ScotCoast w/s 1/02 Esturiales Network
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Forth Estuary (Scotland)
Forth Estuary Forum (EU ICZM Demonstration Programme)
Coordinator The Forth Estuary Forum Exmouth Building, Port of Rosyth, Rosyth, Fife KY11 2XP U.K. Ph: 44 1383 420-104, Fax: 418-468 [e-mail] www.forthestuaryforum.co.uk Coordinator Loch Ryan Advisory Management Forum Dumfries and Galloway Council, Env. and Infrastructure Newall Terrace, Dumfries DG1 1LW U.K. Ph: 44 1387 260-215 [e-mail]/ scotland.gov.uk/environment/coastalforum/lochryan.asp Coordinator The Minch Project [e-mail]/ or [e-mail] www.hebrides.com/org/minch Coordinator The Moray Firth Partnership 27 Ardconnet Terrace, Inverness IV2 3AE U.K. Ph: 44 1463 225-530, Fax: 225-207 [e-mail] or [e-mail] www.morayfirth-partnership.org Project Officer The Solway Firth Partnership Scottish National Heritage, Carmont House Dumfries, DG1 4ZF U.K. Ph: 44 01387 247-010. Fax: 259-247 [e-mail]/ www.abdn.ac.uk/sfp/ www.solway-ems.co.uk Project Officer The Tay Estuary Forum Ewing Building, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN U.K. www.dundee.ac.uk/crsem/TEF/forum.htm Coordinator Wales Coastal Forum Coordination of Coastal Policy in Wales, Planning Division 4 National Assembly for Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NQ U.K. Ph: 44 (0)29 2082-3725, [e-mail] www.welshcoast.co.uk Coordinator North Wales Coastal Forum Tanrallt, Rhostryfan, Caernarfon, Gwynedd LL54 7NT Wales U.K. Ph: 44 (0)1286 830-312, [e-mail]
EC ICZM Demo w/s 1/02 ScotCoast w/s 1/02
Loch Ryan (Scotland)
Loch Ryan Management Strategy
ScotCoast w/s 1/02
The Minch (Scotland)
Minch Project
ScotCoast w/s 1/02
Moray Firth (Scotland)
Management Guidelines and Action Programme for the Moray Firth
ScotCoast w/s 1/02
Solway Firth and Coast (Scotland and England)
Solway Coast Management Plan
ScotCoast w/s 1/02 EnglishCoast w/s 1/02
Tay Estuary (Scotland)
Tay Estuary Forum
ScotCoast w/s 1/02
Wales
Wales Coastal Forum
Wales Coastal Forum w/s 1/02
North Wales
North Wales Coastal Forum
Wales Coastal Forum w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Cardigan Bay (Wales)
Cardigan Bay Forum
Cardigan Bay Forum Cardigan Bay Marine Wildlife Centre, Unit 2 Patent Slip Glanmor Terrace, New Quay, Ceredigion, Wales SA45 9PS U.K. Ph. and fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.tianet.com/cardigan_bay_forum Project Manager The Severn Estuary Strategy Dept. of Earth Sciences, Cardiff University PO Box 914, Cardiff CF10 3YE, UK Ph: 44 29 20 874-713, fax: 874-295 [e-mail]/ www.severnestuary.org.uk Coordinator Planning and Development Department Bristol City Council, Wilder House - Wilder St., Bristol BS2 8BH, U.K. Ph: 44 1 17 903-6865, Fx: 903-6859, [e-mail], www.esturiales.orf Pembrokeshire Coastal Forum Steering Committee www.prembrokeshirecoastalforum.org.uk
Wales Coastal Forum w/s 1/02
Severn Estuary (Wales and England)
Severn Estuary Strategy
English Coastal Forum w/s 1/02 Wales Coastal Forum w/s 1/02
Severn Estuary (Wales and England)
Severn Estuary Management Program
English Coastal Forum w/s 1/02 Wales Coastal Forum w/s 1/02 Esturiales Network
Pembrokeshire Coast (Wales)
Long Term Strategy and Action Plan for the Pembrokeshire Coast
Wales Coast Forum w/s 1/02
UNITED STATES (See Table C-3) URUGUAY
Nation-wide Maritime Management Project (Southeast South American Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem - shared with Argentina and Brazil) Maritime Management Project Strategic Action Plan for the Rio Plata and its Maritime Front, Frente de Rio Plata (in conjunction with Argentina) ECOplata Project: Towards an integrated management of the coastal zone of the Rio de la Plata. See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts (In the pipeline) Could not find this in the WB ICM database. Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) GEF-WB Project International Waters GEF database 12/01
Bay of Montevideo
GEF-IBRD Project WB ICM database 12/01
Estuary of the Rio de la Plata
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
Rio de la Plata coast from Punta Colonia to Punta del Este
ECOplata Avda. Brazil 2653-55 esq. Baltasar Vargas 11300 Montevideo, R.O. del Uruguay Ph: 598 2 709 2550, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ecoplata.orguy
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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UZBEKISTAN
Aral Sea Water and Environmental Management in the Aral Sea Basin See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
VANUATU VENEZUELA
Isla de Margarita Coastal Planning Arrangement for Isla de Margarita Program for the Control and Conservation of Maracaibo Lake Basin Coordinator Institute for Control and Conservation of Lake Maracaibo Basin (ICLAM) Fax: [phone] / 923-782 Coordinator Coordinator of Marine, Coastal and Island Areas Ministereo del Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales Caracas, Venezuela [e-mail] 1993 Roster of ICM efforts Contact IRF, CZM Dir of PR
Lake Maracaibo
Vargas State
Pilot Project for the Coastal and Marine Area in Vargas State and development of a National Coastal Law
Source: Gerenciamento Costeiro Integrada 12/01
VIETNAM
Nation-wide Vietnam Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project Department Head Pollution Control, National Environment Agency, Ministry of Science, Technology, Environment Government of Vietnam, Hanoi To what extent has this project funded the efforts listed in this Table for Vietnam, such as the one above? No specific locations mentioned on w/s description of the project. Need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) To what extent is this project different from the one above? If so, need local contact person, address, and contact points (In the pipeline) Director Danang Dept. of Science, Technology and Environment 15 Quang Trung, Danag City, Vietnam Ph: 84 511 837-735, fax: 822-864 [e-mail] or [e-mail], www.pemsea.org Expected to start in the second half of 2000 Source of funds ADB?
Nation-wide? Southern Vietnam and Mekong Delta Nation-wide?
Assessment and Strengthening of Coastal Zone Management Institutions (VIE 34342-01) Coastal Wetlands Protection and Development Project Coastal Wetlands Protection and Development Project (2000, #42568) Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Marine Resources at Con Dao National Park Integrated Coastal Management Demonstration Project at Danang
ADB w/s 12/01 GEF-IBRD Project WB ICM database 12/01 IDA is funding Entity Source: WB ICM database 12/01 GEF-UNDP Project GEF w/s Jan 01
Con Dao National Park
Danang Municipality
PEMSEA w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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WALLIS and FUTUNA ISLANDS (Self-governing Overseas Territory of France) YEMEN
Gulf of Aden coast Red Sea coast Socotra Archipelago Coastal Zone Management along the Gulf of Aden Protection of the Marine Ecosystems of the Red Sea Coast Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Biodiversity of Socotra Archipelago (1997- ?) See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts UNEP/CBD w/s 1/02 UNDP SDNP SIOCAM w/s 1/02 Need name of contact person, address, and contact points UNEP/CBD w/s 1/02
ZAMBIA
Lake Tanganyika Implementing the Lake Tanganyika Strategic Action Program and Convention See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
Coastal nations and semi-sovereign states not listed as this time.
BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA CONGO REPUBLIC EAST TIMOR FALKLAND ISLANDS GREENLAND (Self-governing Overseas Division of Denmark) IRAQ LIBERIA MYANMAR (BURMA) SIERRA LEONE SOMALIA SUDAN SVALBARD WESTERN SAHARA (Legal status of the territory and sovereignty is in dispute) YUGOSLAVIA (MONTENEGRO)
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Abbreviations used in Tables C-1 and C- 4
ACCSP: Australia Clean Coasts and Seas Program ADB: Asian Development Bank BDDC: British Development Division of the Caribbean BSEP: Black Sea Environmental Programme CasEP: Caspian Environment Programme CATIE: Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center CCAD: Central American Commission on Environment and Development CEP: Caribbean Environment Program CMPP: Coastal and Marine Management Program (Australia) CoastNet: The Coastal Network site established by the School of Conservation Science, Bournemouth University, U.K. CRC: Coastal Resources Center, Bay Campus, University of Rhode Island CSD: UN Commission on Sustainable Development . National Reports submitted in 1998-1999 CSI: Environment and development in coastal regions and small islands (a unit in UNESCO) CZ 97 or 99: Proceedings of the U.S. Coastal Zone 1997 and/or.1999 Conferences DANCED: Danish Cooperation for Environment and Development DANIDA: Danish Development Agency DFID: U. K. Department for International Development DHI: Danish Hydraulic Institute EC ICZM w/s: Web site for the EU Demonstration Programme on ICZM (1997-99) ESCAP: U.N. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Esturiales: A network connecting ICM efforts in the Duoro, Gironde, Loire, Severn, Tejo and Wear, estuaries. (See Table C-4) EUCC: European Union for Coastal Conservation FAO: U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization GEF: Global Environment Facility Gerenciamento Costeiro Integrada: A periodical for integrated coastal management in Portuguese speaking nations. IADB: Inter-American Development Bank IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IOC: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (a unit in UNESCO) IRF: Islands Resources Foundation InterCoast: The International Newsletter of Coastal Management IUCN: International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Kay/Alder: Coastal Planning and Management (1999), Routledge Publishing, London LME: Large Marine Ecosystems MEDCOAST 97: Proceedings of the MEDCOAST 97 Conference NOAA w/s: NOAA website, the section, "ICM, An International Priority" OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECS: Organization of Eastern Caribbean States PAP/RAC: Priority Action Programme, Regional Activity Center, UNEP Mediterranean Action Plan
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PEMSEA: Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia PHARE: European Communities assistance programme to countries in Central Europe (former nations of the Warsaw Block) PROARCA: Regional Environmental Programme for Central America Ramsar: Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands (1971) ROPME: Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (of the Arabian/Persian Gulf) Roster of ICM efforts (1993): From the article, "International Proliferation of Integrated Coastal Management" Oceans and Coastal Management, 1993 , SDNP: Sustainable Development Networking Programme (a unit of UNDP) SEACAM: Secretariat for Eastern African Coastal Area Management SIOCAM: Strategic Initiative for Ocean and Coastal Area Management (a program in UNDP) SIDS: Small Island Developing States SOPAC: South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission SPREP: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme TNC: The Nature Conservancy UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme. UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development Organization USAID: U.S. Agency for International Development WB: World Bank Windevoxhel: "Situation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Central America: Experiences of IUCN Wetlands and Coastal Zone Conservation Program, an article in ????. Date 1997? w/s: web site WWF: World Wildlife Fund
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Table C-2: ICM Efforts in Canada
Location
NATIONAL
(Nation-wide) Toward Canada's Oceans Strategy: Discussion Paper Integrated Management Program
First iteration. Febrauary 2, 2001
Program
Name of Effort
Address and Contacts
Integrated Management Office Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Oceans Directorate, 200 Kent Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E6 Ph: [phone], [e-mail] www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca Integrated Management Office Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Oceans Directorate, 200 Kent Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E6 Ph: [phone], [e-mail] www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca Marine Protected Areas Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Oceans Directorate, 200 Kent Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E6 Ph: [phone], [e-mail] www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca Marine Environmental Quality Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Oceans Directorate, 200 Kent Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E6 Ph: [phone] [e-mail] www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca Ocean Management Strategy Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Oceans Directorate, 200 Kent Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E6 Ph: [phone] [e-mail] www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca Environment Canada 351 St. Joseph Blvd. 6th Floor, Hull Quebec K1A OH3 Ph: [phone], [e-mail] See: Atlantic Coastal Action Program, Saint-Laurent Vision 2000 (Quebec), Great Lakes 2000 Program (Ontario), Georgia Basin Ecosystem Initiative (British Columbia), Northern Ecosystem Initiative (Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Quebec, Labrador)
(Nation-wide)
(Nation-wide)
Marine Protected Areas
(Nation-wide)
Marine Environmental Quality
(Nation-wide)
Oceans Management Strategy
(Nation-wide)
Ecosystem Initiatives Program (EIP)
EIP
INTER-PROVINCE and TERRITORY REGIONAL
Western Arctic Western Arctic Integrated Management DFO Central and Arctic Region, 501 University Ave, Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N6 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] See Yukon Territory and Northwest Territories National Coordinator Northern Ecosystems Initiative, Environment Canada Suite 301, 5204 - 50 Avenue, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories X1A 1E2 Ph: 867 669-4737, Fx: 873-8185, [e-mail] (see Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Quebec, Labrador, Yukon)
Pan-Arctic
Northern Ecosystem Initiative (NEI)
EIP
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-2 Page 1 of 7
Atlantic Coast
Atlantic Coastal Action Program (ACAP)
Sustainable Communities & Ecosystems Division Environment Canada, 16th Floor, Queen Square, 45 Alderney Drive Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2W 4Z6 Ph: [phone]; fax [phone]; [e-mail] www.atl.ec.gc.ca/community/acap/index_e.html See: New Brunswick, Newfoundland/Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island Acadia Centre for Estuarine Research, Acadia University Box 115, Wolfville, NS POP 1XO Ph: [phone], Fx: 585-1054, [e-mail] www.auracom.com/~bofep See New Brunswick and Nova Scotia SGSLCS 26 rue Acadie Street, Bouctouche N.B. E45 252 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone] See New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Quebec DFO, Central and Arctic Region 501 University Ave, Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N6 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone] See Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec
EIP and ACAP
Bay of Fundy
Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership
Gulf of St. Lawrence
Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Coalition on Sustainability
Hudson Bay
Hudson Bay Cooperative Project
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Province-wide Puget Sound and Georgia Basin Fraser River Estuary Provincial Coastal Zone Position Paper (1998) Puget Sound/Georgia Basin Environmental Initiative Fraser River Estuary Management Program Georgia Basin Ecosystem Initiative Central Coast Integrated Management Initiative Land Use Coordination Office Ph: 250-356-7721, [e-mail] www.luco.gov.bc See Table C-4: International ICM efforts Fraser River Estuary Management Program 5945 Kathleen Ave., Suite 501, Burnaby B.C. V5H 4J7 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], bieapfremp.org www.bieapfremp.org Environment Canada C300 - 555 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6B 5G3 [phone], [e-mail] www.pyr.ec.gc.ca/Georgiabasin/gbi_eIndex.htm 300-555 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6B 5G3 Ph: [phone], [e-mail] Oceans Directorate, Department of Fisheries and Oceans 3225 Stephenson Point Road, Nanaimo, B.C. Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] or 300 - 555 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BCV6B 5G3 Ph: [phone], [e-mail] EIP
Georgia Basin
Central Coast
West Vancouver Island
Vancouver Island Aquatic Management Process
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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Burrard Inlet
Burrad Inlet Environmental Action Program
Burrard Inlet Environmental Action Program 5945 Kathleen Avenue, Suite 501, Burnaby BC, V5H 4J7, Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], www.bieapfremp.org
MANITOBA
Arctic Region Western Arctic Integrated Management Project Hudson Bay Co-operative Management Project Integrated Management for the Hudson Bay Shoreline Central and Arctic Region Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 501 University Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Central and Arctic Region Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 501 University Ave.Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Manitoba Department of Conservation, Resources Division, Ph. 204-945-6829, [e-mail] (see also Nunavut and Quebec)
Arctic Region
Hudson Bay
NEW BRUNSWICK
Province-wide Bay of Fundy Gulf of St. Lawrence St. Croix Estuary Saint John Harbour Proposed Coastal Areas Protection Policy for New Brunswick (2001) Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Coalition on Sustainability St. Croix Estuary Project ACAP Saint John New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government PO Box 6000, Fredericton NB E3B 5H1 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] See Inter Province and Territory Regional Efforts See Inter Province and Territory Regional Efforts See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts ACAP Saint John Inc., 76 Germain Street Box 6878, Station ASaint John, New Brunswick E2L 4S3 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] http://user.fundy.net/acapsj Miramichi River Environmental Assessment Committee (MREAC) 133 Newcastle Blvd., Miramichi, NB E1V 2L9 Ph:: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Socit d'amnagement de la rivire Madawaska et du lac Tmiscouata inc., 116, rue Victoria, Edmundston, Nouveau Brunswick E3V 2H6 Ph:: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.francoPh:.net/sarmlt/ Eastern Charlotte Waterways Inc. 17 Main Street, St. George's, New Brunswick E0G 2Y0 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.cardsaqua.com/ecwinc/home1.htm See Table C-4: International ICM efforts ACAP ACAP
Miramachi River
Miramachi River Environmental Assessment Project Amnagement de la rivire Madawaska et du lac Tmiscouata
ACAP
Madawaska River and Lake Temiscouata Eastern Charlotte Estuaries Gulf of Maine
ACAP
Eastern Charlotte Waterways Inc. Gulf of Maine Program
ACAP
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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NEWFOUNDLAND and LABRADOR
Labrador-wide Avalon Peninsula Northern Ecosystem Initiative Avalon Peninsula Integrated Management Project Bay of Islands Coastal Management Plan for the Conception Bay South Area Placentia Bay Management Program Humber Arm Environmental Association St. John's Harbour ACAP See Inter Province and Territory Regional Efforts Marine Environment and Habitat Management Newfoundland Region, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, P.O. Box 5667, St. Johns, NFA1C 5X1 Ph: [phone] Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Marine Environment and Habitat Management Newfoundland Region, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, P.O. Box 5667, St. Johns, NFA1C 5X1 Ph: [phone] Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Marine Environment and Habitat Management Newfoundland Region, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, P.O. Box 5667, St. John's, NF A1C 5X1 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Marine Environment and Habitat Management Newfoundland Region, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, P.O. Box 5667, St. Johns, NFA1C 5X1 Ph: [phone] Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Humber Arm Environmental Assoc. Inc. P. O. Box 564, Suite 4024, Forest Center, University Dr., Corner Brook, Newfoundland A2H 6E6 Ph: [phone]/7305, Fax: [phone], [e-mail], www.cornet.nf.ca/web/acapha St. John's Harbour ACAP Inc. 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland A1N 4T1 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.thezone.net/stjacap ACAP
Bay of Islands
Conception Bay
Placentia Bay
Humber Arm
St. John's Harbour
ACAP
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES
Territory-wide Northwest Territories Northern Ecosystem Initiative Coordinator of Northwest Territories NEI NWT Department of Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development 600, 5102 50th Avenue, Yellowknife, NWT X1A 3S8 Ph: 867-873-7654, [e-mail] NEI
NOVA SCOTIA
Gulf of Maine Bay of Fundy Gulf of St. Lawrence Gulf of Maine Program Bay of Fundy Ecosystem Partnership Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Coalition on Sustainability Community-Based Ecosystem Management See Table 4: International ICM efforts See Inter Province and Territory Regional Efforts See Inter Province and Territory Regional Efforts Oceans Act Coordination Office, Maritimes Region Bedford Institute of Oceanography, DepT. of Fisheries and Oceans 1 Challenger Dr. P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, N.S.B2Y 4A2 Ph: [phone] Fax: [phone] or 426-1489, [e-mail]
Bras d'or Lakes
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-2 Page 4 of 7
Mahone Bay-Lunenburg
Bluenose Atlantic Coastal Action Program Sable Island Preservation Trust Pictou Harbour Environmental Protection Project Clean Annapolis River Project
Bluenose Atlantic Coastal Action Program P.O. Box 10, Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia B0J 2E0 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.auracom.com/~bacap Sable Island Preservation Trust 1657 Barrington St., Halifax: NS B3J 2A7 Ph: [phone], Fax:[phone], [e-mail]
ACAP
Sable Island
ACAP www.sabletrust.ns.ca ACAP
Pictou Harbour
Pictou Harbour Environmental Protection Project P.O. Box 414, 111 Provost Street, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia B2H 5E5 Ph and Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Clean Annapolis River Project P.O. Box 395, Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia B0S 1A0 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] http://fox.nstn.ca/~carp/ ACAP Cape Breton Inc., Centre for Sustainable Communities 588 George Street, Box #28, Station A, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6G9 Ph/Fax: [phone], [e-mail] http://ccen.uccb.ns.ca/acapcb Maritime Region, Bedford Institute of Oceanography Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 1 Challenger Dr. P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, N.S.B2Y 4A2 Ph: [phone] Fax: [phone] or 426-1489
Annapolis River
ACAP
Cape Breton
ACAP Cape Breton Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Program
ACAP
Eastern Scotian Shelf
NUNAVUT
Territory-wide Territory -wide Integrated system of management for marine areas Northern Ecosystem Initiative Director, Nunavut Wildlife Service, Ph. 867-975-5902, [e-mail] See Inter Province and Territory Regional Efforts
ONTARIO
Great Lakes The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Great Lakes 2000 Program See Table 4: International ICM Efforts Great Lakes Environment Office, Environment Canada 4095 Duffwerin St., Downsview, Ontario M3H 5T4 Ph: 416 739-4937, Fx: 739-4804, [e-mail] www.on.ec.gc.ca/glimr/intro-e.html
Great Lakes
EIP
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Province-wide Coastal Area Policy for Prince Edward Island Coastal Zone Development Policy (1993) Department of Provincial Affairs and Attorney General Province of Prince Edward Island, P.O. 2000, 11 Kent Street, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada C1A 7N8 Water Resources Division, PEI Department of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Environment, PO Box 2000, Charlottetown, PEI-C1A 7N8, Ph: 902-368-5036, Fax: [phone], [e-mail]
Province-wide
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-2 Page 5 of 7
Gulf of St. Lawrence
Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Coalition on Sustainability Bedeque Bay Management Program
See Inter Province and Territory Regional Efforts Bedeque Bay Environmental Management Association Inc. 370 Water Street, Summerside, PEI C1N 1C4 Ph and Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.peisland.com/bbema Southeast Environmental Association Southern Kings and Queeens Service Centre, P.O. Box 1500, PEI COA-1RO Ph: 902 835-3351, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.pei.aibn.com/~sea
Bedeque Bay
ACAP
Cardigan Bay
Cardigan Bay Management Program
ACAP
QUEBEC
Arctic Gulf of St. Lawrence Northern Ecosystem Initiative Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Coalition on Sustainability See Inter Province and Territory Regional Efforts See Inter Province and Territory Regional Efforts Environment Canada and Environnement du Qubec SLV 2000 Coordination Office 1141 route de l'glise, P .O. Box 10100, 6th Floor, Sainte-Foy, Qubec G1V 4H5 www.slv2000.qc.ec.gc.ca/slv2000 and Ministre de l'Environnement du Qubec 675, boul. Ren-Lvesque Est, Box 88, Qubec (Qubec) G1R 5V7 ZIP Coordinator Environment Canada, Centre Saint-Laurent 105 rue McGill, 7th floor, Montreal Quebec H2Y 2E7 Ph: 514 496-2898, [e-mail] Comite les-de-la-Madeleine ZIP C.P. 819, Cap-aux-Meules (Qubec), 330, chemin Principal G0B 1B0 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Fish Habitat Management, Ministre des Pches et des Ocans Institut Maurice-Lamontage, 850, route de la mer, C.P. 1000, Mont-Joli, Qubec G5H 3Z4 Ph: [phone], Fax: 775-065, [e-mail] CmIte Baie des Chaleurs C.P. 1001, Maria (Qubec) G0C 1Y0 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Comite ZIP Cote-Nord du Golfe 350, rue Smith, bur. 200, C.P. 340, Sept-Iles (Qubec) G4R 4K6 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.zipcote-nord.qc.ca Comite ZIP Rive Nord de L`Estuaire 9, Place LaSalle, local 101, Baie-Comeau (Qubec) G4Z 1J8 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.zipnord.qc.ca
St. Lawrence River
Saint Lawrence Action Plan Saint Laurent - Vision 2000
EIP
Gulf of St Lawrence, and St. Lawrence River and Estuary
Programme Zones d'intervention prioritaire (ZIP)
ZIP
Gulf of St. Lawrence
les-de-la-Madeleine ZIP
ZIP
Cascapedia Bay Gulf of St. Lawrence
Is Cascapedia Bay the name of the effort?
Not listed as a ZIP
Gulf of St. Lawrence
Chaleurs Bay ZIP
ZIP
Gulf of St. Lawrence
North Gulf Coast ZIP
ZIP
St. Lawrence River
Rive Nord de l`Estuaire ZIP
ZIP
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-2 Page 6 of 7
St. LawrenceRiver
Jacques-Cartier ZIP
Comite Jacques-Cartier ZIP 2570, rue Nicolet, bureau 314, Montral (Qubec) H1W 3L5 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Lake Saint-Pierre Zip Committee cole de la culture, Ville de Louiseville, 100, avenue St-Jacques, Louiseville (Qubec) J5V 1C2 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Quebec City and Chaudire-Appalaches Zip Committee 295, boul. Charest Est, bureau 099, difice de La Fabrique, Qubec (Qubec) G1K 3G8 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Haut-Saint-Laurent Zip Committee 28, rue Saint-Paul, bureau 206, Salaberry-de-Valleyfield (Qubec) J6S 4A8 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.rocler.qc.ca/ziphsl/zipacc.htm Ville-Marie Zip Committee 1751, rue Richardson, suite 6503, Montral (Qubec) H3K 1G6 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Les Deux Rives Zip Committee 3450 boul. Royal, bureau 200, Trois-Rivires (Qubec) G9A 4M3 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Comite ZIP Alma-Jonquire 425, rue Sacr-Coeur Ouest, suite 2, Alma (Qubec) G8B 1M4 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone]: [e-mail] www.sagamie.org/zip Saguenay Zip Committee C.P. 1242 , La Baie (Qubec) G7B 3P4 Ph: [phone], Fax: [phone], [e-mail]
ZIP
St. Lawrence River
Lac Saint-Pierre ZIP
ZIP
St. Lawrence River
Quebec and Chaudire-Appalaches ZIP
ZIP
St. Lawrence River
Haut-Saint-Laurent ZIP
ZIP
St. Lawrence River
Ville-Marie ZIP
ZIP
St. Lawrence River
Les Deux Rives ZIP
ZIP
Saguenay River
Alma-Jonquire ZIP
ZIP
Saguenay River
Des Seigneuries ZIP
ZIP
YUKON TERRITORY
Territory-wide Northern Ecosystem Initiative Is this an ICM effort? See Inter Province and Territory Regional Efforts Yukon Renewable Resources, Box 2703, Whitehorse, Yukon, Y1A 2C6, Ph: 867 667-5865; [e-mail]
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-2 Page 7 of 7
Table C-3: ICM Efforts in the United States
State or Territory
NATIONAL
First iteration. February 28 2002
Name of Effort
Address & Contacts
Program
(Nation-wide)
National Coastal Zone Management Program (CZMP)
U.S. NOAA, Coastal Programs Division N/ORM3, 1305 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Ph: 301 713-3155, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/cpd Also Coastal States Organization (CSO) Hall of the States, Suite 322, 444 North Capitol Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20001 Ph: 202 508-3860, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.sso.org/cso U.S. NOAA, Estuarine Research Reserve Division 1305 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Ph: 301 713-3155 x158, Fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr.html U.S. EPA, (4504F), Oceans and Coastal Protection Division 401 M St. SW, Washington DC 20460 Ph: 202 260- 6426, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.epa.gov/OWOW/estuaries/links.htm Also Association of Association of National Estuary Programs St. Johns River Water Management District, P.O. Box 1429 Palatka FL 32178 Ph: 904 312-2318, 329-4329 (web site in progress) U.S. NOAA, National Marine Sanctuaries 1305 East-West Highway, 11th Floor, Silver Spring, MD 20910 Ph: 301 713-3125, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.sanctuaries.nos.noaa.gov Coastal America (CA) Coastal America Reporters Building, Suite 680, 300 7th Street SW, Washington, D.C. 20250 202 401-9928, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.coastalamerica.gov NOAA Coastal Services Center (CSC) 2234 South Hobson Avenue, Charleston, SC 29405-2413 Ph: 843 740-1200, fax [phone], [e-mail] www.csc.noaaa.gov
CZMP w/s 2/02
CSO w/s 2/02 NERRS w/s 2/02
(Nation-wide)
National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS)
(Nation-wide)
National Estuary Program (NEP)
NEP w/s 2/02
(Nation-wide)
National Marine Sanctuaries Program (NMSP) Coastal zone planning, management and restoration projects Service to ICM efforts (particularly NOAA's) in the U.S.A including s support of its own ICM efforts
NMSP w/s 2/02 CA w/s 2/02 CSC w/s 2/02
(Nation-wide)
(Nation-wide)
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 1 of 15
INTER-STATE REGIONAL
Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake Bay Program (Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania) Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership (Washington and Oregon) Delaware Estuary Program (Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania) Great Lakes National Program (Indiana, Minnesota, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) Great Lakes Basin Compact (Indiana, Minnesota, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (Indiana, Minnesota, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Ontario Province, Canada) Gulf of Maine Program Gulf of Mexico Program (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas) Lake Champlain Basin Program (New York and Vermont) Long Island Sound Study (New York and Connecticut) St. Loius Compact and Mississippi River Basin Program Chesapeake Bay Program Office (CBP), U.S. EPA 410 Severn Avenue, Suite 109, Annapolis, MD 21403 Ph: 410 267-5700, Fax: [phone], www.chesapeakebay.net Lower Columbia River Estuary Program 811 SW Nation Parkway, Suite 120, Portland, OR 97204 Ph: 503 226-1565, Fax: [phone] www.lcrep.org Delaware Estuary Program, Delaware River Basin Commission P.O. Box 7360, West Trenton, NJ 08628 Ph: 609 883-9500 ext. 217, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNP) 77 West Jackson Boulevard., Chicago, IL 60604 Ph: 312 886-4040, Fax: [phone], www.epa.gov/glnpo Great Lakes Commission (GLC) 400 Fourth Street., Ann Arbor, MI. 48103-4878 Ph: 734 665-9135, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] glc@greatlakes www.glc.org See Table C- 4: International ICM Efforts EPA + CBP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02 GLNP + EPA w/s 2/02 GLC w/s 2/02
Lower Columbia River
Delaware Bay
Great Lakes
Great Lakes
Great Lakes
Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico
See Table C- 4: International ICM Efforts Gulf of Mexico Program Office (GMP) EPA/GMPO, Building 1103, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000 Ph: 228 688-3726, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.epa.gov/gmpo Lake Champlain Basin Program PO BOX 204, 54 West Shore Road, Grand Isle, VT 05458 Ph: [phone], [e-mail], http://www.lcbp.org Long Island Sound Study 888 Washington Boulevard, Stamford, CT 06904-2152 Ph: 203 977-1541, Fax: [phone] www.epa.gov/region01/eco/lis Mississippi River Basin Program (MRB) c/o Gulf of Mexico Program Office, Building 1103, Room 202 Stennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000 Ph: 228 688-1843, [e-mail] www.epa.gov/msbasin Narragansett Bay Estuary Program, Office of Water Resources 235 Promenade Street, Providence, RI 02908-5767 Ph: 401 222-4700, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.nbep.org/contact GMP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02 MRB w/s 2/02
Lake Champlain
Long Island Sound
Mississippi River Basin
Narragansett Bay
Narragansett Bay Project (Massachusetts and Rhode Island)
NEP w/s 2/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 2 of 15
New York and New Jersey Harbor
New York and New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program
New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program 290 Broadway, 24th Floor, New York, NY 10007 Ph: 212 637-3816, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.harborestuary.org
NEP w/s 2/02
ALABAMA
(State-wide) Alabama Coastal Area Management Program See Inter-state programs Mobile Bay National Estuary Program Mobile Bay National Estuary Program 4172 Commanders Drive, Mobile AL 36615 Ph: 251 431-6409, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.mobilebaynep.com Weeks Bay NERR Department of Economic and Community Affairs 11300 U.S. Highway 98, Fairhope, Alabama 36532-5476 Ph: 334 928-9792, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrweeks.html NEP w/s 2/02 Coastal Programs Office Department of Economic and Community Affairs, 1208 Main Street, Daphne, AL 36526 Ph: 334 626-0042, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.adeca.state.al.us/science/cps-coastal-zone.html CZMP w/s 2/02
Gulf of Mexico Mobile Bay
Weeks Bay
Weeks Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
ALASKA
(State-wide) Alaska Coastal Program Division of Governmental Coordination P.O. Box 110030, Juneau, Alaska 99811-0030 Ph: 907 465-3562, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.alaskacoast.state.ak.us Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2181 Kachemak Drive, Homer, AK 99603 Ph: 907 235-6377, Fax: [phone] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/southcentralalaska.html CZMP w/s 2/02
Kachemak Bay
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
AMERICAN SAMOA
(Territory-wide) American Samoa Coastal Program American Samoa Coastal Management Program Department of Commerce, Government of American Samoa Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Ph: 684 633-5155, Fax: [phone] www.government.as/commerce.html CZMP w/s 2/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 3 of 15
CALIFORNIA
(State-wide with the exception of San Francisco Bay) (State-wide) California Coastal Management Program San Francisco Bay Management Program and California Coastal Management Program San Francisco Bay Management Program California Coastal Commission 45 Fremont Street, Suite 2000, San Francisco, CA 94105-2219 415 904-5200, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.coastal.ca.gov/index.html California Coastal Conservancy 1330 Broadway, 11th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612-2530 Ph: 510 286-1015, Fax: [phone], www.coastalconservancy.ca.gov S.F. Bay Conservation and Development Commission 50 California St., Suite 2600, San Francisco, CA 94111 Ph: 415 352-3600, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.bcdc.ca.gov San Francisco Estuary Project Association of Bay Area Governments Ph: 510 464-7900 www.abag.ca.gov/abag/people/committee/SanFranciscoEstuaryProject.html S.F. Bay NERR, Romberg Tiberon Center for Environmental Studies PO Box 855, Tiberon, CA 94920 Ph: 415 338-6063 Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary 299 Foam Street, Monterey, California 93940 Ph: 831 647-4201, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.mbnms.nos.noaa.gov Headquarters, Visitor Center, and Volunteer Center 601 Embarcadero, Suite 11, Moro Bay, CA 93442 Ph: 805 772-3834, Fax: [phone], [e-mail], www.mbnep.org Santa Monica Bay Restoration Project 320 W. 4th Street, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90013 Ph: 213 576-6615, Fax: [phone], www.smbay.org/10.htm Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve California Department of Fish and Game 1700 Elkhorn Road, Watsonville, CA 95076 Ph: 831 728-2822, Fax: [phone] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrelkhorn.html Tijuana Estuary Headquarters and Visitor Center 301 Caspian Way, Imperial Beach, CA 91932 Ph: 619 575-3613, fax: [phone] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrtijuana.html See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts CZMP w/s 2/02 CZMP w/s 2/02 CZMP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02 NERRS w/s 2/02 NMSP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02
San Francisco Bay
San Francisco Bay
San Francisco Estuary Project
Components of northern San Francisco Bay Monterey Bay
Proposed San Francisco Bay National Estuary Research Reserve Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
Moro Bay
Moro Bay National Estuary Program
Santa Monica Bay
Santa Monica Bay Restoration Project
Elkhorn Slough
Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
Tijuana Drainage Basin, River, and Estuary Tijuana watershed, River, and Estuary
Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Program
NERRS w/s 2/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 4 of 15
CONNECTICUT
(State-wide) Connecticut Coastal Management Program See Inter-state programs Office of Long Island Sound Programs, Dept. of Environmental Protection , 79 Elm Street, Hartford, CT 06106-5127 Ph: 860 424-3034, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] http//dep.state.ct.us/olisp/index.htm CZMP w/s 2/02
Long Island Sound
DELAWARE
(State-wide) Delaware Coastal Management Program Division of Soil and Water Conservation Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, 89 Kings Highway, Dover, DE 19903 Ph: 302 739-3451, [e-mail] or [e-mail] http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/DNREC2000/Divisions/Soil/Soil.htm Delaware Center for Inland Bays 467 Highway One, Lewes, DE 19958 Ph: 302 645-7325, Fax: [phone] www.udel.edu/CIB CZMP w/s 2/02
Rehoboth Bay, Indian River Bay, Little Assawoman Bay Delaware Bay St. James River Blackbird Creek
Delaware Inland Bays Program See Interstate Programs Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NEP w/s 2/02
Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve 818 Kitts Hummock Road, Dover, DE 19901 Ph: 302 739-3436, Fax: [phone], www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrdelaware.html
NERRS w/s 2/02
FLORIDA
(State-wide) Gulf of Mexico South Florida (south of Kissimmee River) Florida Coastal Management Programs See Interstate Programs Integrated plan for ecosystem restoration, protection, and maintenance South Florida Initiative (EPA-SFI) U.S. EPA Region 4, 400 North Congress Street, Suite 400, West Palm Beach, Florida 33401 Ph: 561 615-5292, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.epa.gov//region4/programs/cbep/southfl.html Charlotte Harbor Estuary Program 4980 Bayline Drive 4th Floor, North Fort Myers, FL 33917-3909 Ph: 941 995-1777, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.charlotteharbornep.com Indian River Lagoon National Estuary Program www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/lagoon Sarasota Bay Natural Estuary Program 5333 N. Tamiami Trail, Suite 104, Sarasota, FL 34234 Ph: 941 359-5841, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.sarasotabay.org EPA SFI w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02 Florida Coastal Management Program Department of Community Affairs, 2555 Shumard Oak Boulevard, Tallahassee, FL 32399-2100 Ph: 850 922-5438, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.dca.state.fl.us/ffcm CZMP w/s 2/02
Charlotte Harbor
Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program Indian River Lagoon National Estuary Program Sarasota Bay National Estuary Program
Indian River Lagoon Sarasota Bay
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 5 of 15
Tampa Bay
Tampa Bay National Estuary Program Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
Tampa Bay Estuary Program 100 8th Avenue, SE, MS I-1/NEP, St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Ph: 727 893-2765, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.tbep.org Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary P.O. Box. 500368, Marathon, FL 33050 Ph: 305 743-2437, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.flknms.nos.noaa.gov/html Guana Tolomato Matanzas NERR Department of Environmental Protection 9741 Ocean Shore Blvd., Marineland, St. Augustine, FL 32080 Ph: 904 461-4054, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrgtm.html www.dep.state.fl.us/coastal/sites/northeast/gtmnerrl/info.htm Apalachicola Reserve NERR Dept. of Environmental Protection, 350 Carroll Street, Eastpoint, FL 32328 Ph: 850 670-4783, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerapalachicola.html Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Department of Environmental Protection, 300 Tower Road, Naples, FL 34113 Ph: 941 417-6310, fax: [phone] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrrookery.html
NEP w/s 2/02 NMSP w/s 2/02
Florida Keys
Guana, Tolomato and Matanzas Rivers
Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
Apalachicola River
Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
Rookery Bay
NERRS w/s 2/02
GEORGIA
(State-wide) Georgia Coastal Management Program Coastal Resources Division, Dept. of Natural Resources One Conservation Way, Suite 300, Brunswick, GA 31520-8687 Ph: 912 264-7218, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.dnr.state.ga.us/dnr/coastal Sapelo Island NERR Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 15, Sapelo Island, GA 31327. Ph: 912 485-2251,fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrsapelo.html CZMP w/s 2/02
Sapelo Island
Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
GUAM
(Territory-wide) Guam Coastal Management Program Coastal Management Program, Bureau of Planning, P.O. Box 2950, Agana, Guam 96910 Ph: 671 472-4201, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] CZMP w/s 2/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 6 of 15
HAWAII
(State-wide) Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program Coastal Zone Management Program, Office of Planning Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism P.O. Box 2359, Honolulu, HI 96804 Ph: 808 587-2809, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/czm/index.html CZMP w/s 2/02
INDIANA
(State-wide) Great Lakes Great Lakes Great Lakes Indiana Coastal Coordination Program Great Lakes Basin Compact Great Lakes National Program Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water 402 W. Washington, Room W264, Indianapolis, IN 46204-2748 Ph: 317 233-0132, www.state.in.us/dnr/lakemich/index.html See Inter-state programs See Inter-state programs See Table C- 4: International ICM Efforts and Inter-state Regional Efforts CZMP w/s 2/02
LOUISIANA
(State-wide) Louisiana Coastal Resources Program Coastal Management Division Dept. of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 44487, Baton Rouge, LA 70804 Ph: 225 342-7591, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] http://www.dnr.state.la.us/crm/coastmgt/cmdpage.html CZMP w/s 2/02
Gulf of Mexico Barataria-Terrebonne Estuarine Complex
See Inter-state programs Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program Barataria-Terrebonne Estuary Program P.O. Box 2663, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310 Ph: 504-447-0868 or 800-259-0869, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] http://mail.btnep.org NEP w/s 2/02
MAINE
(State-wide) Maine Coastal Management Program Coastal Programs, State Planning Office, State House Station #38, Augusta, ME 04333 Ph: 207 287-3261, Fax:[phone], http://www.state.me.us/spo/mcp/mcp.htm Casco Bay Estuary Project, University of Southern Maine, P.O. Box 9300, Portland, ME 04104-9300 Ph: 207-780-4820, Fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.cascobay.usm.maine.edu www.muskie.usm.maine.edu/cascobay/index.html Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve 342 Laudholm Farm Road, Wells, ME 04090 Ph: 207 646-1555, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrwells.html www.wellsreserve org CZMP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02
Casco Bay
Casco Bay Estuary Project
Little River Estuary
Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 7 of 15
Gulf of Maine
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
MARYLAND
(State-wide) Maryland Coastal Zone Management Program See Inter-state programs Maryland Coastal Bays Program Maryland Coastal Bays Program Ph: 410 260-8638, [e-mail] www.dnr.state.md.us/coastalbays Chesapeake Bay NERR - Maryland Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Tawes State Office Building, E-2 580 Taylor Avenue, Annapolis, MD 21401 Ph: 410 260-8730, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrchesapeakemd.html NEP w/s 2/02 Coastal Zone Management Division Dept. of Natural Resources, Tawes State Office Building, E-2 580 Taylor Avenue, Annapolis, MD 21401 Ph: 410 974-2784, Fax:? , [e-mail] www.dnr.state.md.us/bay/czm CZMP w/s 2/02
Chesapeake Bay Isle of Wight, Assawoman Bay, Sinepuxent Bay, Newport Bay, Chincoteague Bay
Jug Bay, Otter Point, Creek, Monie Bay
Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve-Maryland Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
MASSACHUSETTS
(State-wide) Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management Program Buzzards Bay Project Office of Coastal Zone Management, 251 Causeway Street, Suite 900, Boston, MA 02114-2119 Ph: 617 626-1200, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Buzzards Bay Project 2870 Cranberry Highway, East Wareham, MA 02538 Ph: 508 291-3625, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.buzzardsbay.org Massachusetts Bays Program 251 Causeway Street, Suite 900, Boston, MA 02114-2151 Ph: 617 626-1230, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.state.ma.us/massbays CZMP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02
Buzzards Bay Cape Cod Bay Massachusetts Bay Narragansett Bay Gulf of Maine
Massachusetts Bays Program See Inter-state programs
See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Program P.O. Box 3092, Waquoit Bay, MA 02536 Ph: 508 457-0495; Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrwaquoitbay.html NERRS w/s 2/02
Waquoit Bay
MICHIGAN
(State-wide) Michigan Coastal Zone Management Program Land & Water Management Division, Department of Natural Resources Box 30028, Lansing, MI 48909-7958 Ph: 517 373-1950, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.deq.state.mi.us CZMP w/s 2/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 8 of 15
Great Lakes Great Lakes Great Lakes Thunder Bay
Great Lakes National Program Great Lakes Basin Compact Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (Proposed) Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
See Inter-state regional programs See Inter-state regional programs See Table C- 4: International ICM Efforts and Inter-state Efforts Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary 2205 Commonwealth Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2945 Ph: 734 741-2270, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.glerl.noaa.gov/glsr/thunderbay NMSP w/s 2/02
MINNESOTA
Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters, 1201 E. Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 Ph: 218 327-4417, Fax:, www.dnr.state.mn.us/waters/czm/index.html Lake Superior Coastal Program Ph: 218 834-6625, [e-mail] Are these two separate programs? See Inter-state programs See Inter-state programs See Table C- 4: International ICM Efforts and Inter-state Regional Efforts
(State-wide)
Minnesota Coastal Program and Lake Superior Coastal Program
CZMP w/s 2/02
Great Lakes Great Lakes Great Lakes
Great Lakes National Program Great Lakes Basin Compact Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
MISSISSIPPI
(State-wide) Gulf of Mexico (State-wide) Mississippi Coastal Program Department of Marine Resources 1141 Bayview Avenue, Suite 101, Biloxi, MS 39530 Ph: 228 374-5000, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.dmr.state.ms.us CZMP w/s 2/02
See Inter-state programs Grand Bay NERR Department of Marine Resources, 6005 Bayou Heron Road, Moss Point, MS 39562 Ph: 228 475-7047, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrmississippi.html
Grand Bay
Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
NEW HAMPSHIRE
(State-wide) New Hampshire Coastal Program Coastal Program Office, Office of State Planning 2-1/2 Beacon Street, Concord, NH 03301 Ph: 603 271-2155, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] http://webster.state.nh.us/coastal CZMP w/s 2/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 9 of 15
Great Bay, Little Bay Hampton Harbor Great Bay Gulf of Maine
New Hampshire Estuaries Project Great Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
New Hampshire Estuaries, 152 Court Street, Portsmouth, NH Ph: 603-433-7187, Fax: [phone] [e-mail] Great Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Department Fish and Game, 225 Main Street, Durham, NH 03824 Ph: 603 868-1095, Fax: [phone] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrgreatbay.html See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts
NEP w/s 2/02 NERRS w/s 2/02
NEW JERSEY
(State-wide) New Jersey Coastal Management Program See Inter-state programs See Inter-state programs Hackensack-Meadowlands Development Program Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission 1 DeKorte Park Plaza, Lyndhurst, NJ 07071 Ph: 201 460-1700, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] Barnegat Bay Estuary Program P.O. Box 2191, 129 Hooper Avenue, Toms River, NJ 08753 Ph: 732 286-7877, [e-mail] [e-mail]/contract.html Jacques Costeau National Estuarine Reserve Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Ph: 732 932-6555, 932-8578, [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrmullica.html NEP w/s 2/02 Office of Coastal Planning and Program Coordination Dept. of Environmental Protection, 401 East Street, Box 418, Trenton, NJ 08625 Ph: 609 777-3251, Fax: ?, [e-mail] www.state.nj.us/dep/landuse/coast/coast.html CZMP w/s 2/02
Delaware Estuary New York Harbor Hackensack Meadowlands
Barnegat Bay
Barnegat Bay Estuary Program
Mullica River - Great Bay
Jacques Costeau National Estuarine Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
NEW YORK
(State-wide) New York Coastal Management Program Great Lakes National Program Great Lakes Basin Compact Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement See Inter-state programs Division of Coastal Resources Department of State, 41 State Street, Albany, NY 12231-0001 Ph: 518 474-6000, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.dos.state.ny.us/cstl/cstlwww.html See Inter-state programs See Inter-state programs See Table C- 4: International ICM Efforts and Inter-state programs NEP w/s 2/02 CZMP w/s 2/02
Great Lakes Great Lakes Great Lakes Lake Champlain
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 10 of 15
New York-New Jersey Harbor
See Inter-state programs Peconic Estuary Program, Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Office of Ecology Riverhead County Center, Riverhead, NY 11901 Ph: 631 852-2077 [e-mail] www.co.suffolk.ny.us/health/eq/pep.html
NEP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02
Peconic Bay
Peconic Estuary Program
Long Island Sound
See Inter-state programs Hudson River NERR Department of Environmental Conservation, c/o Bard College Field Station Annandale, NY 12504-5000 Ph: 845 758-7010, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrhudsonriver.html Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Department of State, 41 State Street, Albany, NY 12231 Ph: 518 473-2459, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.dos.state.ny.us/cstl/cstlwww.html
Hudson River
Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
Town of Waddington
Proposed St. Lawrence River National Estuarine Research Reserve
NERRS w/s 2/02
NORTH CAROLINA
(State-wide) North Carolina Coastal Management Program Division of Coastal Management, Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1638 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1638 Ph: 919 733-2293, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] http://dcm2.ehnr.state.nc.us APNEP Program Office Division of Water Quality - Planning 1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617 Ph: 919-733-5083 ext. 585, Fax: [phone] [e-mail] http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/nep North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve 1 Marvin Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 Ph: 910 962-2470, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrnorthcarolina.html CZMP w/s 2/02
Albermarle-Pamlico Sounds
Albemarle-Pamlico National Estuary Program
NEP w/s 2/02
Currituck Banks, Rachel Carson, Masonboro Island, Zeke's Island
North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
NORTHERN MARIANAS ISLANDS
(State-wide) Northern Mariana Islands Coastal Resources Management Program Coastal Resources Management Office, Office of the Governor 2nd Floor Morgan Building, San Jose Saipan, Mariana Islands 96950 Ph: 670 234-6623, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] CZMP w/s 2/02
OHIO
(State-wide) Ohio Coastal Management Program Coastal Management Program, Department of Natural Resources Building C-2, Fountain Street, 1952 Belcher Drive, Columbus, OH 43224-1386 Ph: 614 265-6395, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.dnr.state.oh.us/coastal CZMP w/s 2/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 11 of 15
Great Lakes Great Lakes Great Lakes
Great Lakes National Program Great Lakes Basin Compact Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
See Inter-state programs See Inter-state programs See Table C- 4: International ICM Efforts and Inter-state Regional Efforts Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve 2514 Cleveland Road East, Huron, OH 44839 Ph: 419 433-4601, 433-2851, [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerroldwoman.html NERRS w/s 2/02
Old Woman Creek
OREGON
(State-wide) Oregon Coastal Management Program Coastal and Ocean Management Program Department of Land Conservation and Development 800 N.E. Oregon Street, #18, Portland, Oregon 97232 Ph: 503 731-4065, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.lcd.state.or.us/coast/ocmphome.htm CZMP w/s 2/02
Lower Columbia River
See Inter-state programs Tillamook Bay National Estuary Project 613 Commercial Avenue, PO Box 493, Garabaldi OR 97118 Ph: 503 322-2222, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.co.tillamook.or.us/gov/estuary/homepage.htm South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Division of State Lands, P.O. Box 5417, Charleston, OR 97420 Ph: 541 888-5558, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrsouthslough.html NEP w/s 2/02
Tillamook Bay
Tillamook Bay National Estuary Project
South Slough
South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
PENNSYLVANIA
(State-wide) Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Program Great Lakes National Program Great Lakes Basin Compact Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement See Inter-state programs See Inter-state programs Coastal Zone Management Program Dept. of Environmental Protection, P.O. Box 8555, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8555 Ph: 717 787-5259, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/WC/Subjects/czmp.htm See Inter-state programs See Inter-state programs See Table C- 4: International ICM Efforts and Inter-state efforts CZMP w/s 2/02
Great Lakes Great Lakes Great Lakes Chesapeake Bay Delaware Estuary
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 12 of 15
PUERTO RICO
(Commonwealth-wide) Puerto Rico Coastal Management Program Bureau of Reserves, Refuges, and Coastal Resources Department of Natural and Environmental Resources Puerta de Tierra, Box 9066600 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00906-6600 Ph: 787 721-7593, Fax: ?, [e-mail] San Juan Bay Estuary Program 400 Fernandez Juncos Avenue, 2nd floor, San Juan, PR 00901-3299 Ph: 787 725-8162, Fax: [phone], www.estuariosanjuan.org Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, Call Box B, Aguirre, P.R. 00704 Ph: 787 853-4617, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrjobos.html CZMP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02
San Juan Bay
San Juan Bay Estuary Program
Jobos Bay
Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
RHODE ISLAND
(State-wide) Rhode Island Coastal Management Program See Inter-state programs 55 South Reserve Drive, Prudence Island, RI 02872 Ph: 401 683-6780 (on-site), Fax: [phone]-6605 (Rhode Island Dept. of Environmental Management) www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrnarragansett.html Coastal Resources Management Council Stedman Building, 4808 Tower Hill Road, Wakefield, RI 02879 Ph: 401 783-3370, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.state.ri.us/manual/data/queries/stdept CZMP w/s 2/02
Narragansett Bay Prudence Island Patience Island Hope Island
Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
NERRS w/s 2/02
SOUTH CAROLINA
(State-wide) South Carolina Ocean and Coastal Resource Management Program Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management Department of Health and Environmental Control 1362 McMillian Avenue, Suite 400, Charleston, SC 29405-2029 Ph: 843 744-5838, Fax: [phone], brookscl@chast www.scdhec.net/eqc/ocrm/html/main.html Ace Basin NERR South Carolina Department of Natural Resources P.O. Box 12559, Charleston, SC 29412 Ph: 803 762-5062, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrace.html CZMP w/s 2/02
Ace Basin
Ace Basin National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Program
NERRS w/s 2/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 13 of 15
North Inlet-Winyah Bay
North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan
North Inlet-Winyah Bay NERR Baruch Marine Field Laboratory, University of South Carolina P.O. Box 1630, Georgetown, SC 29442, Ph: 803 546-6219, fax: [phone] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrwinyah.html
NERRS w/s 2/02
TEXAS
(State-wide) Texas Coastal Management Program Coastal Division, Texas General Land Office Stephen F. Austin Bldg., 1700 North Congress Street, Austin, Texas 78701 Ph: 512 463-5054, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.glo.state.tx.us/coastal/cmp.html CZMP w/s 2/02
Gulf of Mexico (State-wide)
See Inter-state programs Coastal Bend Bays and Estuaries Program 1305 N. Shoreline Blvd., Suite 201, Corpus Christi, TX 78401 Ph: 361-885-6202, 361-885-7801, Fax: [phone] [e-mail], http://www.sci.tamucc.edu/ccbnep Galveston Bay Estuary Program, 711 West Bay Area Boulevard, Suite 210, Webster, TX 77598 Ph: 281 332-9937, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] http://gbep.tamug.tamu.edu Coastal Bend Bays and Estuaries Program [e-mail] http://tarpon.tamucc.edu
Corpus Christi Bay
Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program
NEP w/s 2/02
Galveston Bay South Texas
Galveston Bay Estuary Program Coastal Bend Bays and Estuaries Program
NEP w/s 2/02
VERMONT
Lake Champlain Basin See Inter-state programs
VIRGIN ISLANDS
(Territory-wide) Virgin Islands Coastal Zone Management Program Coastal Zone Management Program Dept. of Planning and Natural Resources, Cyril E. King Airport, 2nd Floor, St. Thomas, VI 00802 Ph: 340 774-3320, Fax: [phone] CZMP w/s 2/02
VIRGINIA
(State-wide) Virginia Coastal Program Virginia Coastal Program, Department of Environmental Quality 629 East Main Street, 6th Floor, Richmond, VA 23219 Ph: 804 698-4320, [e-mail] www.deq.state.va.us/coastal CZMP w/s 2/02
Chesapeake Bay
See Inter-state programs
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 14 of 15
Four components in the York River basin
Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in the Virginia Management Plan
Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Virginia Virginia Institute of Marine Science, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 Ph: 804 684-7135, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrchesapeakeva.html www.vims.edu/cbnerr
NERRS w/s 2/02
WASHINGTON
(State-wide) Washington Coastal Zone Management Program Puget Sound Estuary Program SEA Program Washington Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 47600, Olympia, WA 98504 Ph: 360 407-6000, Fax:, [e-mail] www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/shorelan.html Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team Puget Sound Estuary Program, P.O. Box 40900, Olympia, WA 98504-0900 Ph: 360 407-7300, Fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.wa.gov/puget_sound See Table C-4: International ICM Efforts See Inter-state programs Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 138 West First Street, Port Angeles, Washington 98362 Ph: 360 457-6622, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ocns.nos.noaa.gov Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 10441 Bayview-Edison Road, Mount Vernon, WA 98273-9668 Ph: 360 428-1558, fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/nerr/reserves/nerrpadilla.html NMSP w/s 2/02 NERRS w/s 2/02 CZMP w/s 2/02 NEP w/s 2/02
Puget Sound Puget Sound and Georgia Basin Columbia River Estuary Olympic Coast
Padilla Bay
WISCONSIN
(State-wide) Wisconsin Coastal Management Program Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Great Lakes National Program Great Lakes Basin Compact Wisconsin Coastal Management Program Department of Administration, P.O. Box 7868, Madison, WI 53707-7868 Ph: 608 267-7982, Fax: [phone]?, [e-mail] www.doa.state.wi.us/dhir/boir/coastal See Table C- 4: International ICM Efforts See Inter-state programs See Inter-state programs CZMP w/s 2/02
Great Lakes Great Lakes Great Lakes
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-3 Page 15 of 15
Table C- 4: International ICM Efforts*
World Region
East and South Africa (Comoros, Eritrea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Seychelles, Tanzania and South Africa) East Africa (Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania and South Africa)
First iteration. February 28, 2002 Program or Source
Name of Effort
Address and Contacts
AFRICA - EAST and SOUTH (AFES)
South and East Africa Coastal Area Management Program (SEACAM) Narobi Convention and Action Plan for the East Africa Region (Adopted 1985, and the Convention entered into force in 1996) (UNEP RSP) (Twinning agreement with Baltic Seas Programme, 5/2000) South East Africa Coastal Area Management Secretariat 874 Av. Amilcar Cabral, 1st Floor, Caixa Postal 4220 Maputo, Mozambique Ph: 258 1 300-641/2, fax: 300-638, [e-mail] www.seacam.mz SEACAM w/s 2/02
Coordinator Regional Coordinating Unit of the Eastern African Region (EAF/RCU), P.O. Box 487 Victoria, Mah, Seychelles Ph: 248 324-525, fax: 324-5 73, [e-mail] Large Marine Ecosystems Program Narragansett Laboratory, NOAA-NMFS 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, R.I. 02882, U.S.A. Ph: 401 782-3210, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.edc.uri.edu/lme Name of local contact, address and contact points? Coordinator Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment Programme (PERSGA) P.O. Box 1358, Jeddah, 21431, Saudi Arabia Ph: (966) 2 651-4472, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/program/natres/water/regseas/redsea.htm Programme for the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA) P.O. Box 1358, Jeddah, 21431, Saudi Arabia Ph: (966) 2 651-4472, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/program/natres Large Marine Ecosystems Program Narragansett Laboratory, NOAA-NMFS 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, R.I. 02882, U.S.A. Ph: 401 782-3210, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.edc.uri.edu/lme Name of local contact, address and contact points?
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Agulhas Current (Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa)
Argulhas Current Large Marine Ecosystem (LME Programme)
GEF/UNEP support LME w/s 1/02
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen)
Action Plan for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden and Jeddah Convention (Action Plan and Convention adopted 1982) (UNEP RSP) Strategic Action Programme for the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (RAB/95/G41)
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02 GEF/UNDP/ UNEP/WB funding GEF Int.Waters w/s 1/02
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen)
Somali Current (Kenya, Tanzania)
Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystem (LME Programme)
GEF/UNEP support LME w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-4 Page 1 of 13
Maputaland (Mozambique and South Africa)
Development-conservation strategies for integrated coastal management in Maputaland Lake Malawi (Nyassa) Biodiversity Conservation Project (started in 1992)
Name of local contact, address and contact points? Could not find on w/s search. Malawi Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries, and Environmental Affairs Adminstered by the Southern African Development Community and the World Bank prc/geo.umn.edu/IDEAL/bulletin/wi97/hecky.html Project Coordinator Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Project P.O. Box 5956 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Ph: 255 51 118-201, fax: 118-202, [e-mail] www.ltbp.org Regional Secretary LVEMP Regional/National Secretariat 4th floor, Patel Building, Maktaba Street, P.O. Box 78089, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania Ph 225 22 211-8417, fax: [phone], [e-mail] gefweb.org/COUNCIL/coucil7/wp/llakevic/htm
GEF/UNDP support GEF w/s 1/02 GEF/WB/CIDA/ DFID funded GEF Biodiversity w/s 1/02 GEF/WB/UNDP funded GEF w/s 1/02
Lake Malawi or Nyasa (Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania)
Lake Tanganyika (Burundi, Congo Democratic Republic, Tanzania and Zambia)
Implementing the Lake Tanganyika Strategic Action Program and Convention
Lake Victoria (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda)
Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP)
GEF/WB/EU support GEF w/s 1/02
AFRICA - NORTH (AFN)
Mediterranean Sea (Albania, Algeria, Bosnia, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, and Tunisia) Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) and Barcelona Convention (Action Plan adopted in 1975 and Convention signed in 1976) (UNEP RSP) Action Plan for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Plan adopted in 1982 and Jeddah Convention signed in 1982) (UNEP RSP) Coordinator Secretariat to the Barcelona Convention Mediterranean Action Plan of UNEP (UNEP/MAP) 48, Vassileos Konstantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece Ph: (30) 1 727-3100, fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.unepmap.org Coordinator Programme for the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA) P.O. Box 1358, Jeddah, 21431, Saudi Arabia Ph: (966) 2 651-4472, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/program/natres/water/regseas/redsea.htm Coordinator Programme for the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA) P.O. Box 1358, Jeddah, 21431, Saudi Arabia Ph: (966) 2 651-4472, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/program/natres Is this an extension of the program above? Executive Secretary Lake Chad Basin Committee P.O. Box N'djemena, Chad, www./uemp.org UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen)
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen)
Strategic Action Programme for the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (RAB/95/G41)
GEF/UNDP/ UNEP/WB funding. GEF Int.Waters w/s 1/02
Lake Chad (Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria)
Integrated Management of the Lake Chad Basin (RAF/95/G48)
GF/UNEP w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-4 Page 2 of 13
AFRICA - WEST and SOUTHWEST (AFWS)
Benguela Current (Angola, Namibia, and South Africa) Implementation of a Strategic Action Plan Toward Achievement of Integrated Management of the Benguela Current (1997- ?) (LME Programme) Coordinator Ministry of Fisheries and Natural Resources P.O. Box 912, Swakopmund, Namibia http://undp.org/siocam/projects Large Marine Ecosystems Program Narragansett Laboratory, NOAA-NMFS 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, R.I. 02882, U.S.A. Ph: 401 782-3210, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.edc.uri.edu/lme Need name of local contact, adress, and contacts. Regional Coordinator Regional Coordination Centre, GEF/GOG-LME c/o CRO B.P. V18, Abidjan, Cte dIvoire Ph: (225) 35 50 14 /35 58 80; Fax: 35 11 55 also Michael Moore, Project Manager GEF/GOG-LME Project Ph: (43) 1 26026 3363, fax: [phone] [e-mail], www.unido.org/Search.htmls Dixon Wauringe, Focal Point for West and Central Africa Regional Coordinating Unit for the West and Central African Action Plan (WACAF/RCU) Ministre de lEnvironnement et de la Fort, Cte dIvoire 20 BP 650, Abidjan 20 Ph: 20 21 1183/0623, fax 21 0495, [e-mail] Abubakar Jauro, Executive Secretary Lake Chad Basin Committee P.O. Box N'djemena, Chad, www./uemp.org GEF/UNDP funded sdnp.undp w/s 1/02 GEF/UNEP funded IUCN + IOC partner institutions LME w/s 1/02 Funded by GEF/UNIDO/ UNDP/ UNEP UNIDO w/s 1/02
Canary Current (Cape Verde, Canary Islands, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, and Senegal)
Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (LME Programme)
Gulf of Guinea (Benin, Cameroon, Cte dIvoire, Ghana, and Nigeria)
Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem: Water Pollution Control and Biodiversity Conservation Programme: Integrated Coastal Area Management Component (LME Programme)
West and Central Africa (Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo Democartic Rep, Congo Republic, Cte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Namibia, Nigeria,Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo) Lake Chad (Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria)
West and Central Africa Action Plan amd Abidjan Convention (Adopted 1981 and entered into force in 1984) (UNEP RSP)
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Integrated Management of the Lake Chad Basin (RAF/95/G48)
GF/UNEP w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-4 Page 3 of 13
AMERICA - CARIBBEAN (CAR) (Not the Wider Caribbean)
Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Caribbean Territories of France, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, U.S.A [Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands], Venezuela, and U.K. overseas territories.
Caribbean Environment Programme and Caribbean Sea Action Plan and Convention (Plan adopted in 1981 and convention adopted in 1993) (UNEP RSP)
Co-ordinator Regional Co-ordinating Unit for the Caribbean Environment Programme (CAR/RCU), UNEP, 14-20 Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica Ph: 1 876 922-9267, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.cep.unep.org
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Wider? Caribbean Region
CEPNET-IDB Project: Strengthening the Capabilities for Managing Coastal and Marine Resources in the Wider Caribbean Region
Coastal and Ocean Management Unit Inter-American Development Bank, Washington. D.C Need name of local contact, addresses, and contacts
IADB w/s 1/02
Caribbean Region (Antigua-Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and Grenadines, and Trinidad/Tobago)
Integrating Management of Watersheds and Coastal Areas in SIDS (In the pipeline)
Co-ordinator Regional Co-ordinating Unit for the Caribbean Environment Programme (CAR/RCU), UNEP, 14-20 Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica Ph: 1 876 922-9267, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.cep.unep.org
GEF Int Waters support CEP w/s 1/02
AMERICA - CENTRAL (CA)
Antigua/Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Caribbean Territories of France, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad/Tobago, U.S.A [Puerto Rico, U.S.Virgin Islands], Venezuela, and U.K. overseas territories.
Caribbean Environment Programme and Caribbean Sea Action Plan and Convention (Plan adopted in 1981 and convention adopted in 1993) (UNEP RSP)
Nelson Andrade Colmenares, Co-ordinator Regional Co-ordinating Unit for the Caribbean Environment Programme (CAR/RCU), UNEP 14-20 Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica Ph: 1 876 922-9267, fax: [phone], [e-mail] / www.cep.unep.org
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico
Mesoamerican Reef Initiative and the Conservation and Sustainable Use of the MesoAmerican Barrier Reef System (see also Meso-America Wetlands and Coastal Zone Program)
Senior Coastal Management Specialist Environment Department, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433 [e-mail] Need name of local contact, addresses, and contacts
GEF-WB funded WB w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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South-East Pacific (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras,Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru) North-East Pacific (Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama) Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama)
South-East Pacific Action Plan and Lima Convention (Plan adopted 1981) (UNEP RSP) Convention for the Protection and Sustainable Develoment of the Marine and Coastal Environment on the Northeast Pacific and Related Action Plan (Text approved 8/01)(UNEP RSP) Coastal Zone Management Component of the Regional Environment of Central America Project (PROARCA /Costas)1995-2001) Meso-American Wetlands and Coastal Zones Program (see also PROARCA-Costas)
Permanent Commission of the South Pacific (CPPS). Corua 2061 y Whimper, Quito, Ecuador Ph: 593 2 234--331. fax: 234-374, [e-mail] UNEP- Water Branch P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya Ph: (254) 2 62 2035, fax: 62 2788, [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/program/natres/water/regseas/sthatlan.htm Coordinator for the Costas Component Comision Centroamericana de Ambiente y Dessarrollo Boulevard Orden de Malta, No 470 Santa Elena, Antiguo, Cuscatlan, Guatemala Fax: [phone], [e-mail], www.sicanet.org.sv/ccad/Proyectos/Proyectos.htm#proarca Coordinator IUCN Mesoamerican Regional Office (ORMA) P.O. Box 0145-2150 Moravia, Costa Rica Ph: 506 240-9934, fax: [phone], [e-mail] Representatives of the Central American Commission on Environment and Development (CCAD) Connected to the MesoAmerican Wetlands and Coastal Zones Programs
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02 TNC, WWF, CRC USAID funded + CCAD support Source: Windevoxhel Windevoxhel
All 6 Central American States?
Gulf of Fonseca (El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua)
Conservation of coastal marine systems
DANIDA funded Windevoxhel
Gulf of Fonseca (El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua)
Development of the Gulf of Fonseca Biological Corridor (Component of PROARCA Costas Program) Development of Gulf of Honduras Biological Corridor (A component of the PROARCA Costas Program) Honduras Gulf Development Plan? Development of the Miskito Coast Biological Corridor (A component of the PROARCA Costas Program) Development of the Gondoca-Bocas del Toro Biological Corridor (A component of the PROARCA Costas Program)
See Table C-1: National and sub-national efforts
PROARCA w/s 1/02
Gulf of Honduras (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras) Gulf of Honduras (Guatemala, Honduras) Miskito Coast (Honduras, Nicaragua)
See Table C-1: National and sub-national efforts
PROARCA w/s 1/02
OAS Project
Windevoxhel
See Table C-1: National and sub-national efforts
PROARCA w/s 1/02
Gandoca/Manzanillo (Costa Rica) to Bocas del Toro Region (Panama) (Costa Rica, Panama)
See Table C-1: National and sub-national efforts
PROARCA w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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North Caribbean coast and estuary of the San Juan River (Costa Rica, Nicaragua)
Formulation of a Strategic Action Program for the Integrated Management of Water Resources and the Sustainable Development of the San Juan River Basin and its Coastal Zone
See Table C-1: National and sub-national efforts
GEF-UNDPOAS funded GEF w/s 1/02
AMERICA - NORTH (NA)
Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Caribbean Territories of France, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad/Tobago, U.S.A [Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands], Venezuela, and U.K. overseas territories.
Caribbean Environment Programme and Caribbean Sea Action Plan and Convention (Plan adopted in 1981 and convention adopted in 1993) (UNEP RSP)
Co-ordinator Regional Co-ordinating Unit for the Caribbean Environment Programme (CAR/RCU), UNEP, 14-20 Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica Ph: 1 876 922-9267, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.cep.unep.org
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Great Lakes (Canada, USA)
The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
Great Lakes Regional Office, International Joint Commission 100 Ouellette Ave., 8th Floor, Windsor, ON N9A 6T3 Canada Ph: [phone], fax: [phone], [e-mail] or P.O. Box 32869, Detroit, MI 48232 Ph: [phone] ext. 6733, www.ijc.org Gulf of Maine Secretariat Coordinator New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services P.O. Box 95, Concord, N.H. Ph: 603 271-8866, fax: [phone], [e-mail], www.gulfofmaine.org Policy Director Puget Sound/Georgia Basin Task Force P.O Box 40900, Olympia Washington 98504 360 407-7305, [e-mail] www.wa.gov/puget_sound/shared/shared.html
Gulf of Maine (Canada: New Brunswick and Nova Scotia)(USA: Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire)
Gulf of Maine Program and Gulf of Maine Action Plan:1996-2001
Puget Sound and Georgia Basin (Canada, USA)
Puget Sound - Georgia Basin Environmental Initiative
St. Croix Estuary (Canada, USA)
St. Croix Estuary Project
St. Croix Estuary Project Inc. 178 Milltown Boulevard, St. Stephen, New Brunswick E3L 1G8 Ph: [phone] - Main, [phone] - St. Andrews satellite office, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] or P. O. Box 394, Calais, Maine 04619 http://www.scep.org
UNEP- Water Branch P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya Ph: (254) 2 62 2035, fax: 62 2788, [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/program/natres/water/regseas/sthatlan.htm
ACAP
North-East Pacific (Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama)
Convention for the Protection and Sustainable Develoment of the Marine and Coastal Environment on the Northeast Pacific and Related Action Plan (Text approved 8/01) (UNEP RSP)
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-4 Page 6 of 13
Tijuana River Watershed and Estuary (Mexico, USA)
Tijuana River Watershed Project
Tijuana River Watershed Project Center for Earth Systems Analysis Research Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182 619 594-8042, [e-mail] http://typhoon.sdsu.edu/TJWATER See also: Table C-1: National and Sub-national Efforts and C-3: ICM Efforts in the USA
AMERICA - SOUTH (SA)
South-East Pacific (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru) Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Caribbean Territories of France, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad/Tobago, U.S.A [Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands], Venezuela, and U.K. overseas territories. Upper South -West Atlantic (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay) South-East Pacific Action Plan and Lima Convention (Adopted 1981) (UNEP RSP) Secretary General of the CPPS Permanent Commission of the South Pacific (CPPS). Corua 2061 y Whimper, Quito, Ecuador Ph: 593 2 234-331, fax: 562 786, [e-mail] www.ecuanexnex.ac UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Caribbean Environment Programme and Caribbean Sea Action Plan and Convention (Plan adopted in 1981 and convention adopted in 1993) (UNEP RSP)
Co-ordinator Regional Co-ordinating Unit for the Caribbean Environment Programme (CAR/RCU), UNEP 14-20 Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica Ph: 1 876 922-9267, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.cep.unep.org
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Southwest Atlantic Action Plan (not prepared or adopted?) (UNEP RSP) Maritime Management Project Southeast South American Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem Project (In the pipeline since 10/99) Strategic Action Plan for the Rio Plata and Its Maritime Front Conservation of Biodiversity in the Watershed of Lake Tititcaca:Strategic Bi-national Plan
UNEP- Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean Boulevard de los Virreyes No.135, Col, Lomas Virreyes AP 10793 11000 Mexico, D.F. Mexico Ph: 52 5 202-7529/7493, fax: [phone], [e-mail]
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02 GEF-WB Project International Waters, WB/ICM w/s 12/01 GEF-UNDP, Inernational Waters w/s 12/01 GEF/UNDP support GEF w/s 1/02
Southeast South American Shelf (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay)
Has this been initiated, no specific info on the web?
Estuary of the Rio Plata (Argentina, Uruguay) Lake Titicaca (Peru, Bolivia)
Pablo Martnez, UNDP Program Officer. Barrios Amorn 870 3rd floor. (11.000) Montevideo, Uruguay. Ph.:5982 402-3356 to 59. [e-mail] Proyecto Especial Binacional Lago Titicaca (PELT) Lake Titicaca Binational Authority [e-mail]
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
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ASIA - EAST (AE)
East Asian Seas (Australia, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam) South East and East Asia) (Brunei-Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam) East Asian Seas Program and East Asian Seas Action Plan (Approved 1981) (UNEP RSP) Regional Coordinating Unit for the East Asian Seas (EAS/RCU) 10th Floor, United Nations Building Rajdamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Ph: 66 2 288-1680, fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/regsoffs/roap/easru/index.htm PEMSEA Regional Programme Office P.O. Box 2502, Quezon City 1165, Philippines Ph: 63 2 920-2211, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.pemsea.org Large Marine Ecosystems Program Narragansett Laboratory, NOAA-NMFS 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, R.I. 02882, U.S.A. Ph: 401 782-3210, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.edc.uri.edu/lme Name of local contact, address and contact points? UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA)
PEMSEA w/s 2/02
Yellow Sea (China, Korea)
Yellow Sea Strategic Action Plan (LME Programme)
GEF/UNDP support LME w/s 1/02 GEF International Waters GEF w/s 1/02
Yellow Sea (China, Korea, North Korea)
Reducing Environmental Stress in the Yellow Seas Large Marine Ecosystems
Connection to project above?
North West Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, North Korea, and Russia)
Action Plan for the North-West Pacific (NOWPAP) (Adopted in 1994) (UNEP RSP)
NOWPAP Focal point Northwest Pacific Region Environmental Cooperation Centre (NPEC) and the Special Monitoring and Coastal Environmental Assessment Center (NOWPAP) 7-18 Azumi-cho Toyama -city, Toyama 930-0094 Japan Ph: 81 76 445-1571, fax: [phone], www.npec.or.jp/english/index.html
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
ASIA - SOUTH (AS)
Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) South Asian Cooperative Environmental Programme and South Asian Seas Action Plan (Action Plan adopted 1995) (UNEP RSP) Bay of Bengal Strategic Action Plan and the Bay of Bengal Programme (LME Programme) South Asia Cooperative Environment Programme (SACEP) 10 Anderson Road, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka Ph: 941 596-442, fax: 589-369, [e-mail] Large Marine Ecosystems Program Narragansett Laboratory, NOAA-NMFS 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, R.I. 02882, U.S.A. Ph: 401 782-3210, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.edc.uri.edu/lme Name of local contact, address and contact points? UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02 GEF/WB/FAO support GEF Int.Waters w/s 1/02 and LME w/s 1/02
Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand)
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-4 Page 8 of 13
ASIA - SOUTHEAST (SEA)
Australia and the ASEAN Region (Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) East Asian Seas (Australia, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam) South East and East Asia) (Brunei-Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam) Gulf of Thailand (Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam) South China Sea (Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) Coastal Zone Environmental and Resources Management Project (CZERM) East Asian Seas Program and East Asian Seas Action Plan (Action plan adopted 1981) (UNEP RSP) Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) Coastal Management System in the Gulf of Thailand? Large Marine Ecosystems Program Narragansett Laboratory, NOAA-NMFS 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, R.I. 02882, U.S.A. Ph: 401 782-3210, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.edc.uri.edu/lme Name of local contact, address and contact points? Large Marine Ecosystems Program Narragansett Laboratory, NOAA-NMFS 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, R.I. 02882, U.S.A. Ph: 401 782-3210, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.edc.uri.edu/lme Name of local contact, address and contact points? Project Manager Coastal Zone Environmental & Resources Management Project P.O. Box 341, Curtin, Canberra, Australia 2605 [e-mail] http://www.amsat.com.au/czermp Regional Coordinating Unit for the East Asian Seas (EAS/RCU) 10th Floor, United Nations Building, Rajdamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Ph: 66 2 288-1680, fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/regsoffs/roap/easru/index.htm PEMSEA Regional Programme Office P.O. Box 2502, Quezon City 1165, Philippines Ph: 63 2 920-2211, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.pemsea.org Source?
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
PEMSEA w/s 2/02
CIDA w/s 1/02
South China Sea Strategic Action Plan (LME Programme)
UNDP and ADB support LME w/s
Sulu and Celebes Seas (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Philippines)
Preliminary Framework of Strategic Action Programme for the Sulu-Celebes Large Marine Ecosystem (LME Programme)
GEF Int. Waters w/s 1/02
ASIA - WEST and the NEAR EAST (WANE)
Arabian/Persian Gulf (Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates) Aral Sea (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan) Kuwait Convention and Action Plan (Adopted 1978) (UNEP RSP) Water and Environmental Management Project of the Aral Sea Basin (1998-2003) Executive Secretary Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME) P.O. Box 26388, 13124 Safat, Kuwait, Kuwait Ph: 965 531-2140, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.kuwait.net/~ropmek Name of local contact, address and contact points? Programme Coordinator Programme, Coordinating Unit, Room 108, 3rd Entrance, Government House, Baku 370016 Azerbaijan. Ph: (994 12) 971785, fax: 971786 [e-mail]/ www.caspianenvironment.org UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02 GEF/WB project GEF Int. Waters w/s 1/02
Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan)
Caspian Environment Programme
GEF/UNDP
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-4 Page 9 of 13
Mediterranean Sea (Albania, Algeria, Bosnia, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey) Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen)
Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) and Barcelona Convention (Action Plan adopted in 1975 and Convention signed in 1976) (UNEP RSP) Action Plan for the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (Plan adopted in 1982 and Jeddah Convention signed in 1982) (UNEP RSP) Strategic Action Programme for the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden (RAB/95/G41) Protection of the Marine Ecosystems of the Red Sea Coast (YEM/92/G31) (Approval date 4/93) Coastal Zone Management along the Gulf of Aden (Started in 1999) Proposed Gulf of Aqaba Peace Park?
Coordinator Secretariat to the Barcelona Convention Mediterranean Action Plan of UNEP (UNEP/MAP) 48, Vassileos Konstantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece Ph: (30) 1 727-3100, fax: [phone], [e-mail], www.unepmap.org Programme for the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA) P.O. Box 1358, Jeddah, 21431, Saudi Arabia Ph: (966) 2 651-4472, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/program/natres/water/regseas/redsea.htm Programme for the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA) P.O. Box 1358, Jeddah, 21431, Saudi Arabia Ph: (966) 2 651-4472, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/program/natres Extension from Regional Sea program above? Has this project been completed or evolved into something else? Focus on Yemen and Socotra Archipelago Extension from Regional Sea program above? Need name of local contact person, address, and contacts.
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02 GEF/UNDP/ UNEP/WB funding GEF Int.Waters w/s 1/02 GEF/UNDP SDNP SIOCAM w/s 1/02 GEF/UNDP UNEP/CBD w/s 1/02
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen)
Red Sea coast (Saudi Arabia and Yemen)
Gulf of Aden coast (Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen) Gulf of Aqaba (upper part) (Egypt, Israel, Jordan)
EUROPE (EUR)
European Commission and Baltic Nations (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and the UK) Eastern Europe (Estonia, Lithuania, Lativia, Poland, and Russia) European Commission, Demonstration Programme on Integrated Coastal Zone Management Nature protection, coastal zones, and tourism (D2) environmentronment Directorate-General (11), EC Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium [e-mail] http://europa.eu.int/comm/environmentornment/czm/home.htm European Union for Coastal Conservation P.O. Box 1132 NL-2301 EE Leiden, The Netherlands Ph: 31 71 512-2900, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.eucc,nl Coastlink Project Algarve-Huelva Demo Project is the Coastlink project coordinator (for address, see below) www.telecotrans.es/coastlink
European Union for Coastal Conservation's ICM efforts in Eastern Europe Coastlink Project (Algarve and Portugal-Huelva, (Spain), Cornwall (U.K.), Devon (U.K.), Down (U.K.), Ipiros, (Greece), Kent (U.K.), and Storstrom (Denmark)
EUCC w/s 2/02
Denmark, Greece, Portugal, and the United Kingdom
EU TERRA Programme supported
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-4 Page 10 of 13
France, Portugal, and the United Kingdom
European Network of Local Estuarine Authorities Programes in the Douro, Gironde, Loire, Severn, Tejo, and Wear estuaries (See Table C-1) Integrated Management of the Algarve-Huelva coast Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) and Barcelona Convention (Action Plan adopted in 1975 and Convention signed in 1976) (UNEP RSP) Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Programme (Helsinki convention signed in 1974 and revised in 1992. Convention entered into force 1/00) (Twinning agreement with East-African Regional Seas - 2000) Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Baltic States and Poland The Indigo Lagoon Project: Comprehensive Actions toward the Sustainable Development of Coastal Estuaries in the Baltic Sea The Nordic-Baltic Network on Sustainable Coastal Development Black Sea Environmental Program and Bucharest, Convention (Convention signed in 1992) (UNEP RSP)
Esturiales Secretariat Area Metropolitana de Lisboa Rua Carlos Mayer No 2 r/c, 1700-102 Lisboa, Portugal [e-mail] / www.esturiales.org See Table C-1: National and Subnational ICM Efforts for the names, addresses and contacts for the respective coordinators in Portugal and Spain Coordinator Secretariat to the Barcelona Convention Mediterranean Action Plan of UNEP (UNEP/MAP) 48, Vassileos Konstantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece Ph: (30) 1 727-3100, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.unepmap.org
Esturiales w/s 1/02
The Algarve and Huelva Coast (Portugal and Spain) Mediterranean Sea (Albania, Algeria, Bosnia, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, and Tunisia)
EU ICZM Demonstration Project w/s 12/01
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Baltic Sea (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden)
Implementation Task Force for the Action Programme Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, FIN-00160 Helsinki, Finland Ph: 358 9 6220-2223, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.helcom.fi/secrinfo.html Need name of local contact person, address, and contact points in each country. Need name of local contact person, address, and contact points in each country.
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland Baltic Sea Region (including Vistula Lagoon, Poland and Vastmanland, Sweden) Baltic Sea Black Sea (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine)
EUCC 1/02 w/s EUCC w/s on ICM Progress: Sweden 12/01 CSI w/s 1/02 UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
No coordinator listed, or address, or contact points Secretariat of the Instanbul Commission Dolmabahce Sarayi II. Harekat Kosku Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey Ph: 90 212 227-9927/8/9, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.dominet.blacksea-environment.org Irish Sea Forum Administrator Oceanographic Laboratories, U. of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX U.K. Ph: 44 151 794-4089, Fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.liv.ac.uk/3~/isfl/isfhome.html OSPAR Secretariat, New Court 48 Carey Street, London WC2A 2JQ / UK Ph: 44 0 20 7430 5200, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.ospar.org/eng/html/welcome.html
Irish Sea (Ireland, Isle of Man and the U.K.) North-East Atlantic (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK)
Irish Sea Forum
The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic - OSPAR
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-4 Page 11 of 13
North Sea (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, and the UK)
North Sea Coastal Zone Management (NORCOAST)
Der Senator fr Bau, Verkehr und Stadtentwicklung Referat Raumordnung, Landesplanung, Stadtumlandbeziehungen Ansgaritorstr. 2, D-28195 Bremen, Germany Ph: 49 421 361-6515, fax: [phone] [e-mail], www.northsea.org/Projects/index.html Secretary Common Wadden Sea Secretariat Virchowstr. 1, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany 49 (0) 4421 9108-0, fax: 9108-30, [e-mail], http://cwss.www.de ArcManche www.arcmanche.com/workrncoast.html Project manager Naples Provincial Authority 293 Via del Tribunali, 80138, Napoli, Itlay 39 81 552-0552, fax: [phone] Terra Programme + EU ICZM Demo Program w/s OECD Case Study (date?) EU ICZM Demo. Programme w/s 12/01
Wadden Sea (Denmark, Germany, and Netherlands) English Channel, Haute Normandie, Isle of Wight (England, France) Gulf of Naples and Naples, Athens, Barcelona, Palermo, and Taranto (Greece, Italy, and Spain)
Trilateral Wadden Sea Plan
ArcManche: Environmental and Coastal Management Programme
The Posidonia Project
Lac Leman (Lake Geneva) (France and Switzerland)
A study of the feasibility of a bi national plan for the integrated planning and management of Lac Leman? Implementing Alternative Strategies in Irish Beachs and Dune Mangement (County Donegal, Ireland and County Down, U.K. ).
Has this case study been implemented?
Northern Irish Beaches and Dunes (Ireland and Northern Ireland, U.K.
Irish Beaches Programme University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Londonderry, BT52 ISA Northern Ireland, UK Ph: 44 1265 324-429, Fax: 324-911, [e-mail] www.ulst.ac.uk/faculty/science/crg/czm.htm BOSAM, Box 305,S-451 18 Uddavalla, Sweden Ph: 46 522 15980, fax: 511-796, [e-mail] www.forumskagerrak.com./contact.htm
Skaggerrak (Denmark, Norway, Sweden)
Skagerrak Forum
OCEANIA (OC)
South Pacific (Australia, Cook Islands, Micronesia States, Fiji, France, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga,Tuvalu, UK, USA, and Vanuatu) South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) (Action Plan adopted 1982, Nomea Convention adopted in 1986) (UNEP RSP) South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme P.O.. Box 240, Apia, Samoa Ph: 685 21-929, fax: 20-231, sprep@pactok www.sprep.org.ws UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-4 Page 12 of 13
South Pacific (Cook Islands, Micronesia States, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tonga, Tokelu, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu) South Pacific (Cook Islands, Micronesia States, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Samoa, Tonga, Tokelu, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu) South Pacific (Cook Islands, Micronesia States, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua-New Guinea, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu) Australia and the ASEAN Region (Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) East Asian Seas (Australia, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam)
Climate Change and Integrated Coastal Management Program
South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme P.O.. Box 240, Apia, Samoa Ph: 685 21-929, fax: 20-231, sprep@pactok www.sprep.org.ws
Support from GEF/UNDP and PICCAP SBREP w/s 1/02 sdnp.undp w/s 1/02 GEF Int. Waters w/s 1/02 GEF/UNDP funding GEF Int. Waters w/s 1/02
Preparation of a Strategic Action Program for the Pacific Region
South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme P.O.. Box 240, Apia, Samoa Ph: 685 21-929, fax: 20-231, [e-mail]
Implementation of the Strategic Action Program of the Pacific Small Island Developing States (2000-2005) The Coastal Zone Environmental and Resources Management Project (CZERM) East Asian Seas Program and East Asian Seas Action Plan (Approved 1981) (UNEP RSP)
Is this project the implementation phase of the project above? South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme Project Manager Coastal Zone Environmental & Resources Management Project P.O. Box 341, Curtin, Canberra, Australia 2605 [e-mail] http://www.amsat.com.au/czermp Coordinator Regional Coordinating Unit for the East Asian Seas (EAS/RCU) 10th Floor, U. N. Bldg., Rajdamnern Ave., Bangkok 10200, Thailand Ph: 66 2 288-1680, fax: [phone], [e-mail] www.unep.org/unep/regsoffs/roap/easru/index.htm
Source?
UNEP Regional Seas Program w/s 1/02
*The key to the abbreviations is on the last page of Table C-1. Nations or semi-sovereign states in bold are part of the world region
in which they are listed.
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
C-4 Page 13 of 13
ANNEX F: A Compendium of General Guidance Literature on ICM as an International Practice
Compiled June 2000. Introduction paragraph, June 2002.
These are the twenty-nine documents listed across the top of Annex F-1. These are in chronological order fromleft to right. Since this compendium was assembled two years ago, at least six more documents have been published to provide General Guidance on ICM as an International Practice. Hopefully, a content analysis will be done on these new additions as any further work in the same vein in future iterations of this document. 1990 Institutional Arrangements for Managing Coastal Resources and Environments; Recommendations (pp. 127-133). From: J. Sorensen and S. McCreary. (A90) 1992 Integrative Framework and Methods for Coastal Area Management; Categories of lessons learned from the ASEAN/US CRMP. (pp. 10-11). From: Chua Thia-Eng and L. F. Scura, ICLARM, ASEAN, USAID (A92). Integrated management of coastal zones: Principles and Premises. (pp. 48-66). From: J. Clark, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 327. (B92). Agenda 21, Chapter 17; Protection of the Oceans, All Kinds of Seas, Including Enclosed and Semi-Enclosed Seas, and Coastal Areas and the Protection, Rational Use and Development of Their Living Resources. (42 pp.) (C92). 1993 Noordwijk Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Zone Management. (14 pp.). Proceedings of the World Coast Conference (A93). Coastal Zone Management: Integrated Policies. (124 pp.). Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (B93). Cross-sectoral, Integrated Coastal Area Planning: Guidelines and Principles for Coastal Area Development. (60 pp.). J. Pernetta and D. Elder, IUCN. (C93). 1994 A Framework for Planning for Integrated Coastal Zone Management. (65 pp.). B. Bower, C. Ehler, and D. Basta. National Ocean Survey, NOAA. (A94). Guidelines for Integrated Management of Coastal and Marine Areas with Special Reference to the Mediterranean Basin. From: Priority Action Programme, MAP, UNEP. (B94). 1995 Coastal Zone Management Handbook: Management Strategies (62 pp..), Management Methods (157 pp..), Management Information (257 pp..). J. Clark. (A95).
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
F-1
1996 Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (14 pp.). J. Post and C. Lundin. World Bank. (A96) The Journey from Arusha to Seychelles: An Assessment of Successes and Failures of ICZM in Eastern Africa and Island States. (pp. 15-27) O. Linden and C. Lundin (B96). Enhancing the Success of Integrated Coastal Management: Good Practices in the Formulation, Design, and Implementation of Integrated Coastal Management Initiatives. From: The International Workshop on Integrated Coastal Management in Tropical Development Countries: Lessons from Successes and Failures. Xiamen, China. (C96). Guidelines for Integrated Planning and Management of Coastal and Marine Areas in the Wider Caribbean Region. UNEP Caribbean Environment Programme. (D96) 1997 Assessment of Integrated Coastal Area Management Initiatives in the Mediterranean: Experiences from METAP and MAP (1988-1996): Lessons Learned (pp. 50-51). From: Priority Actions Programme, Mediterranean Action Plan, UNEP. (A97) Sharing Coastal Management Experience in the Western Indian Ocean: Summary of Working Group Activities and Conclusions (pp. 115-123). S. Humphrey and J. Francis. Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association. (B97). National and International Efforts at Integrated Coastal Management: Definitions, Achievements, and Lessons (pp. 16-29). J. Sorensen. Coastal Management Journal. (C97) 1998 Good Practice Guidelines for Initiating and Sustaining Effective Coastal Management. S. Olsen , J. Tobey, and L. Hale. In: Learning-based Approach to Coastal Management, Ambio. (A98). Coastal Seas: The Conservation Challenge. J. Clark. (B98). Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: Concepts and Practices: A Practical Guide to ICM Programs: Summary (10 pp.), Examples of Good Practices in ICM Programs. (6 pp.) Prospects and Future Challenges (3 pp.). B. Cicin-Sain and R. Knecht. (C98). Lessons Learned During the GEF Pilot Phase. From: Resources Futures International, prepared for GEF. (D98) 1999 Strategic Principles for Pan-European Code of Conduct for Coastal Zones. European Union for Coastal Conservation. (A99). Coastal Planning and Management, From: R. Kay and J. Alder. (B99). An Introduction to the Application of Science to Coastal Resource Management (C99). A Manual for Assessing Progress in Coastal Management: Issue Identification and Assessment, Preparation of the Plan, Formal Adoption and Funding, Implementation, Adjustment and Evaluation. (pp.14-50). S. Olsen, K. Lowry, and J. Tobey. (D99) Lessons from the European Commissions Demonstration Programme on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (91 pp). European Union Demonstration Programme on Integrated Management in Coastal Zones 1997-1999. (E99).
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
F-2
2000 What Are We Learning from Tropical Coastal Management Experiences? (pp 7-17). From: S. Olsen and P. Christie. (A00).
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
F-3
Table F-1: Content Analysis of International Guidance Literature on ICM.
12 August 2002.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 B IP IP IP B IP IP A CICIN-SAIN KNECHT
DOCUMENTS (and types*):
IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP B IP IP IP IP IP IP IP A IP A OLSEN TOBEY HALE
INST. ARRANGMNT
AGENDA 21, Ch. 17
UNEP CARIBBEAN
EAST AFRICA
KAY and ALDER
ASEAN ICLARM
CZ CANADA 94
XIAMEN CONF.
WORLD BANK
DIMENSIONS OF ICM: A Inherent Aspects (A)
Multi-sectoral (i.e. horizontal integration) Multi-level (i.e. vertical integration) Multi-disciplinary integration Integration necessary between private public sectors Dynamic, continuous/iterative process Adaptive and evolutionary An expression of sustainable development Almost always balancing protection & development Mgment. of coastal systems (eco, public service, hazards) Reduce costs, incidence & vulnerability to natural hazards Consider global climate change and sea level rise Move from reactive to proactive decision-making Stakeholder involvement required Consider & relate to existing institutional arrangements Requires conflict resolution approaches Generally, same motivating issues around the world Population growth rate on coast greater than inland In most developing countries, poverty exacerbated by 18 dwindling resources, degraded habitats, & lack of alternative livelihoods In developing countries, focus on capacity building of 19 government units & NGOs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
90 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 00
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X
X X
X X X X X X
X X X X X X X
X X X
X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X
X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X
X X X
X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X
X X X X
X X X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X X
X
X X X X X X X
X X
X
X X X X X X X X
X
X
X
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
F-1 Page 1 of 7
TROPICAL CM X X X X X X X X X X
UNEP MED.
CM MANUAL
SORENSEN
EU DEMOs.
NORDWIJK
NOS NOAA
MED. PAP
GESAMP
WIOMSA
OECD
CLARK
EUCC
IUCN
IADB
FAO
GEF
IOC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 B IP IP IP B IP IP A CICIN-SAIN KNECHT
DOCUMENTS (and types*):
IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP B IP IP IP IP IP IP IP A IP A OLSEN TOBEY HALE
INST. ARRANGMNT
AGENDA 21, Ch. 17
UNEP CARIBBEAN
EAST AFRICA
KAY and ALDER
ASEAN ICLARM
CZ CANADA 94
XIAMEN CONF.
WORLD BANK
DIMENSIONS OF ICM: A Inherent Aspects (A) continued
Lack of understanding of socioeconomic contribution of coastal resources 21 Managing common property resources a major focus 22 Operates within established geographic limits (zone) 20
90 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 00
X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X
P Principles (P)
1 Apply collective learning approaches 2 Clear governance structure and lead institution Institutions given clear assignments of responsibility & held 3 accountable 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Adequate human & financial resources are available for program preparation, adoption, implementation, monitoring and evaluation X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Saltwater & fresh water are the major integrating factor Land & sea uses must be planned and managed together The edge of the sea is the geographic focal point Nature-synchronous approach to development Cost recovery when possible Use proper resources accounting systems User pays, user fees, polluter pays Work with the market to the extent possible Transboundary responsibility Precautionary principle or approach Intergenerational equity Those affected by a policy should partake in its formu16 lation & implementation (Community Based Management)
X
X X X X X X X X
X
X
X X X X
X X
X X X X
X X X
X
X X X X
X
X X X
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F-1 Page 2 of 7
TROPICAL CM X
UNEP MED.
CM MANUAL
SORENSEN
EU DEMOs.
NORDWIJK
NOS NOAA
MED. PAP
GESAMP
WIOMSA
OECD
CLARK
EUCC
IUCN
IADB
FAO
GEF
IOC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 B IP IP IP B IP IP A CICIN-SAIN KNECHT
DOCUMENTS (and types*):
IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP B IP IP IP IP IP IP IP A IP A OLSEN TOBEY HALE
INST. ARRANGMNT
AGENDA 21, Ch. 17
UNEP CARIBBEAN
EAST AFRICA
KAY and ALDER
ASEAN ICLARM
CZ CANADA 94
XIAMEN CONF.
WORLD BANK
DIMENSIONS OF ICM: P Principles (P) continued
17 All program phases (steps) should be transparent to all stakeholders 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Encourage collaborative management (aka Co-management or the Two-track Approach) Provisions should be made for coastal dependent uses In developing countries, objectives, policies, approaches & techniques must have clear connections to socioeconomic improvements Capabilities of coastal related sectors must be strengthened (particularly in developing countries) CZ boundaries should be based on the issues Motivating issues are the program's anchor points Recognize interconnections among coastal systems & uses Assess cumulative and synergistic impacts Objectives are clearly articulated & expressed in terms that can be measured Policies to resolve issues are clear & unambiguous & effects of implementation understood by stakeholders Multiple-use management appropriate for most areas Traditional resource use should be respected Set of mutually supportive implementation techniques Must be able to adapt to new circumstances Demonstrate some positive results in short time Sustainability requires ownership by key stakeholders
90 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 00
X X X X X X X X X X X
X
X X X X X X X
X X
X
X
X X
X X
X X
X X X
X X
X X
X
X X
X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X
X
X
X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X
X X X X X X X
X X
X X X X X X X X
X X
X X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X
X
X X X
X X
X
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
F-1 Page 3 of 7
TROPICAL CM X X X X X
UNEP MED.
CM MANUAL
SORENSEN
EU DEMOs.
NORDWIJK
NOS NOAA
MED. PAP
GESAMP
WIOMSA
OECD
CLARK
EUCC
IUCN
IADB
FAO
GEF
IOC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 B IP IP IP B IP IP A CICIN-SAIN KNECHT
DOCUMENTS (and types*):
IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP B IP IP IP IP IP IP IP A IP A OLSEN TOBEY HALE
INST. ARRANGMNT
AGENDA 21, Ch. 17
UNEP CARIBBEAN
EAST AFRICA
KAY and ALDER
ASEAN ICLARM
CZ CANADA 94
XIAMEN CONF.
WORLD BANK
DIMENSIONS OF ICM: P Principles (P) continued
A supportive constituency is needed to give the government the political will 35 Plan formulation should be reasonably quick (first iteration) 36 Use best available science 34
90 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 00
X X X X X X
X X
X
X X X
X
X
X X X X
S Steps in Program Preparation and Implementation (S)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Triggering actions, getting on the agenda Prepare concept paper with stakeholder participation Establish legal framework for ICM program Establish interagency coordination arrangement Establish lead unit and assign adequate and capable staff Endorsement and support by highest levels of government Constituency building and maintenance Formulation of the plan/program Issue identification, analysis, prioritizing (profiling) Analyze socioeconomic constraints & opportunities Assembly of necessary data and information Determine distribution + sustainable yield of resources Analysis of existing inst. arrangements, laws Stakeholder involvement and consensus building Education & public awareness campaign Setting of coastal zone boundaries/tiers Visioning, goals, & specific measurable objectives Demonstration projects, learning areas Financial and economic justification for the policies X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X
X X
X X
X X X X X X
X
X X
X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X
X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X
X X
X
X
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
F-1 Page 4 of 7
TROPICAL CM X X X X X
UNEP MED.
CM MANUAL
SORENSEN
EU DEMOs.
NORDWIJK
NOS NOAA
MED. PAP
GESAMP
WIOMSA
OECD
CLARK
EUCC
IUCN
IADB
FAO
GEF
IOC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 B IP IP IP B IP IP A CICIN-SAIN KNECHT
DOCUMENTS (and types*):
IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP B IP IP IP IP IP IP IP A IP A OLSEN TOBEY HALE
INST. ARRANGMNT
AGENDA 21, Ch. 17
UNEP CARIBBEAN
EAST AFRICA
KAY and ALDER
ASEAN ICLARM
CZ CANADA 94
XIAMEN CONF.
WORLD BANK
DIMENSIONS OF ICM:
90 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 00
S Steps in Program Preparation and Implementation (S) continued
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Proposed new legal instruments -- if needed Proposed policies for resolving the issues Proposed implementation techniques Permit letting system Proposed budget & financing (build to sustainability) Proposed monitoring and evaluation system Program adoption and establishing legitimacy Program implementation Monitoring compliance and changing conditions Enforcement Evaluation X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X
X X
X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X
X X X
X X X
C General Components (C)
1 2 3 4 5 6 Demonstration/learning areas &/or pilot projects Capacity building projects (e.g. training and education) Reliable and adequate funding Applied research Private sector and NGO involvement strategy Integration with national development plans X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X
X
T Specific Techniques (means) (T)
1 2 3 4 Baseline studies and determination of baselines Impact assessment, socio-economic & environment Risk assessment and management Benefit-cost analysis & social distribution analysis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
F-1 Page 5 of 7
TROPICAL CM
UNEP MED.
CM MANUAL
SORENSEN
EU DEMOs.
NORDWIJK
NOS NOAA
MED. PAP
GESAMP
WIOMSA
OECD
CLARK
EUCC
IUCN
IADB
FAO
GEF
IOC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 B IP IP IP B IP IP A CICIN-SAIN KNECHT
DOCUMENTS (and types*):
IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP B IP IP IP IP IP IP IP A IP A OLSEN TOBEY HALE
INST. ARRANGMNT
AGENDA 21, Ch. 17
UNEP CARIBBEAN
EAST AFRICA
KAY and ALDER
ASEAN ICLARM
CZ CANADA 94
XIAMEN CONF.
WORLD BANK
DIMENSIONS OF ICM: T Specific Techniques (means) (T) continued
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Rapid field assessments to determine issues & info. needs Voluntary agreements Emission trading schemes GIS Permit letting process Master or comprehensive plans Land use plans, performance standards, and zoning Remediation and/or restoration projects Stimulation of new types of economic development Technology transfer Contingency plans for hazard events (e.g. oil spills) A system of protected areas
90 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 00
X
X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X X X
X
X X X X X X X X X X X X
X
X
X X X X X X X X
X X X
X
X
X
X
X X X
X
I Impediments (I)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Environmental issues are low priority among governing elites (private and public) Empire building by sectors Problems of coordination among levels of government Weak arrangements for cross sectoral integration Lack of high level support for ICM Public participation lacking, usually no tradition Small and relatively weak NGOs for conservation Legal framework for ICM absent Reliance on command and control approach Obscure land tenure X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X X
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
F-1 Page 6 of 7
TROPICAL CM X
UNEP MED.
CM MANUAL
SORENSEN
EU DEMOs.
NORDWIJK
NOS NOAA
MED. PAP
GESAMP
WIOMSA
OECD
CLARK
EUCC
IUCN
IADB
FAO
GEF
IOC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 B IP IP IP B IP IP A CICIN-SAIN KNECHT
DOCUMENTS (and types*):
IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP IP B IP IP IP IP IP IP IP A IP A OLSEN TOBEY HALE
INST. ARRANGMNT
AGENDA 21, Ch. 17
UNEP CARIBBEAN
EAST AFRICA
KAY and ALDER
ASEAN ICLARM
CZ CANADA 94
XIAMEN CONF.
WORLD BANK
DIMENSIONS OF ICM: I Impediments (I) continued
Sea tenure non-existent Open access to resources - particularly fisheries Lax enforcement of laws and regulations Non-compliance: in order to attract development Non-compliance: insufficient understanding of laws Non-compliance: kinship patterns & social familiarity Non-compliance: penalties are insignificant deterrence Non-compliance: inability to detect violations Non-compliance: violations not taken seriously Non-compliance: elite's not prosecuted, bad example Non-compliance: basic survival needs predominate Donor funding concentrating on sectoral projects Difficulty hiring competent in-country staff &/or manager Reliance on foreign consultants, not building capacity Plans & policies do not influence decision making Predominance of short term economic interests/profits Planning fragmented into disconnected areas Lack of appropriate technology (e.g. GIS) and/or staff capable 29 of using the technology Difficult transportation and/or communication to coastal 30 planning/management areas 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28
90 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 00
X
X
X X
X
X X X
X X X
X
X
X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
X
X X X X
* Key to Abbreviations
A = Article
B = Book
IP = Institutional publication
**dev.= developing nations
Baseline 2000 Background Report. Second Iteration. 26 August 2002.
F-1 Page 7 of 7
TROPICAL CM X X X X X X
UNEP MED.
CM MANUAL
SORENSEN
EU DEMOs.
NORDWIJK
NOS NOAA
MED. PAP
GESAMP
WIOMSA
OECD
CLARK
EUCC
IUCN
IADB
FAO
GEF
IOC
BASELINE 2000 BACKGROUND REPORT
THE STATUS OF INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT AS AN INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE
SECOND ITERATION 26 AUGUST 2002
BROWN AREA INDICATES THE EXTREME LANDWARD BOUNDARIES OF THE WORLDS COASTAL ZONE