Questions on Swing Music Know what Goodman did that began to break down national attitudes towards segregation He was the King of Swing, so popular that he could choose what places to play in and would refuse to play in the ones that did not accept mixed race bands. He hired separate train car for his band so they didn't have to deal with racism. Had access to places black musicians didn't Know who was the most important pianist of the Swing Era and why this was so. Count Bassie, revolutionary style and sound from Kansas city and outstanding rhythm section. Mary Lou Williams. When and why was KCMO an important center for the jazz community? When and why was KCMO an important center for the jazz community? It was an economic oasis, a mecca for migrants from the South and musicians in search of work in the late 20s and 1930s. musicians like lester young When and why was 52nd Street an important center for the jazz community? The abundance of clubs and nightlife there made it an important place for jazz musicians to showcase their talent. 1930-1950 development of bebop How did the 21st Amendment to the Constitution (1933) impact on the jazz community? Allowed for legal clubs and bars to be opened again after 18 th amendment of prohibition and provide more legitimate work for the jazz musicians instead of working in the speakeasies Who were the two protagonists who battled it out at the conclusion of the Jazz 34 video? Coleman Hawkins and Lester Young What were some of the unspoken rules of the jazz community for jam sessions in the 30's? One had to prove himself worthy to play with the band, like Lester Young did as he stood up in the audience and played. Also, the length of all solos was determined by the first solo. Which protagonist in Jazz 34 supposedly won the KCMO encounter? According to Rex Stewart, who won the NYC encounter? Lester Young won, Questions on Bebop Explain what made Bebop different from the older styles. Melodic ideas more disconnected and angular For listening not dancing Playing really unusual and unique was very important Harmonic language more complex Identify two of the early masters of Bebop for the following instruments: Trumpet Miles David Dizzy Gilespie Sax Charlie Parker Sonny Rollins Drums Kenny Clarke Stan Levey Piano Theolonious Monk Bud Powell Big band What was the name of the jazz nightclub that supposedly gave birth to modern jazz? Where was it located? Minton's Playhouse West 118th Street in NYC in 1938, after hours jam sessions took place here What were Contrafact tunes and why did Bop musicians create them? Writing a new composition based on the same chord changes of an existing song, used as a technique of soloing and became central to bebop style because original melodies of songs were generally too slow for Bebop What important Swing Era vocalist introduced Bop into her vocal style after working with Dizzy Gillespie? Sarah Vaughan Shulie a Bop Questions on Modern Jazz Big Bands Why can it be said that Bop big bands projected a different attitude than Swing Era bands? Bop bands played music that wasn't intended for dancing, musicians had more liberty to be free and creative with their music without having to worry about keeping a time suitable to dance to, their attitudes were thus more focused towards the music What second modern jazz style was the Dizzy Gillespie big band noted for besides Bebop? Afro Cuban music Manteca with Chano Pozo Which modern jazz big band directly preceded the Dizzy Gillespie Big Band? Woody Herman's Big Band: &quot;Herman's Herd&quot; What was the nickname for the bands lead by Woody Herman during and after WW II? Herman's Herd. Modern Jazz Pianists Who was Bud Powell and why was he important as a modern jazz pianist? Influential Pianist, forefront of development of Piano Bebop Who was Thelonious Monk and why was he important as a modern jazz pianist? He is known for his unique improvisational style and many contributions to the standard jazz repertoire. Jazz Pianist, important to bebop Why was Bill Evans considered one of the most important pianists to emerge during the 50s and 60s? He was the driving force behind the biggest shift in jazz paradigm since Art Tatum and Bud Powell. His use of impressionistic harmony, his inventive interpretation of traditional jazz repertoire and his syncopated and polyrhythmic melodic lines influenced a generation of pianists. Questions on Drugs What did A Summary of the History of Drug Laws reveal about the attitude of the federal government toward the use of non-prescription drugs? The penalties were getting ridiculous and there was no longer any logic behind the governments actions, purely based off emotion. Laws like the Daniels Act formed a committee to see if there is crime in America. Two groups of American citizens were most likely to be addicted morphine prior to 1900? Why was this so? soldiers because of &quot;soldier's disease&quot; and those who bought &quot;patent medicine&quot; over the counter drugs with morphine inside Which state opposed the use of marijuana for religious reasons? Utah Mormons Describes some of the ways marijuana was used as a legal defense for murder and robbery during the 30s and 40s. people claimed to be so high (under the influence) that they killed or robbed someone, not really possible Why were jazz musicians singled out by the Bureau of Narcotics for harassment during the 1940's? Harry Anslinger - head of FBN, singled out jazz musicians as marijuana users Miles Davis What &quot;trumpet players accessory item&quot; was favored by Miles Davis even on his earliest recording sessions? The mute. Know the name of Davis' first influential recording made in 1949 and why it was important. Birth of the Cool, this recording established the sound of a new kind of jazz ensemble - the nonet or &quot;little big band&quot; Know the name of the most popular Davis recording of all-time. Who played on this recording? &quot;So what&quot; on Kind of Blue, featuring John Coltrane, Bill Evans, and James Cobb. When was the &quot;first great quintet&quot; of Miles Davis formed? 1955 West Coast Jazz Know the names of several Cool or West Coast jazz groups popular in the late 40's and throughout the 50's. Stan Getz, Shorty Rogers, Gerry Mulligan, Chet Baker and <a href="/keyword/dave-brubeck/" >dave brubeck</a> with Paul Desmond. What were the names of some of the main jazz clubs in LA during this period? Haig, Club Alabam, Down Beat, Billy Berg's Swing Club Where were most of the major jazz clubs in Los Angeles located? Why? Central Avenue. Before the Fair Housing Act was passed in the 1950s, there were laws in California about where minorities could live or own property. What popular LA jazz group performed as an integrated piano-less unit during the early 50's? The Gerry Mulligan Quartet What Bay Area group was responsible for bringing a new way of counting music to jazz? What song is associated with this group The <a href="/keyword/dave-brubeck/" >dave brubeck</a> Quartet, the song was &quot;Take Five&quot; Hard Bop and Funky Jazz What is the importance of the group known as &quot;The Jazz Messengers?&quot; Art Blakey's brand of bluesy, funky hard bop was (and remains) profoundly influential on mainstream jazz. His band &quot;the jazz messengers&quot; has produced several generations of jazz musicians including Clifford brown and wynton Marsalis Who was Clifford Brown and why is he important as the soloist in the hard bop style? The greatest hard bop trumpeter, he was heavily admired as an excellent player who stayed out of the drug troubles that plagued many other musicians and played magnificent hard bop. Who was Jimmy Smith, what instrument did he play and what style did his music represent? &quot;The Incredible Jimmy Smith&quot; played the Hammond B-3 electric organ. Smith was influenced by both gospel and blues. he helped create the jazz style known as 'funk' or 'soul jazz'. What distinguishes Hard Bop from Funky Jazz? Women in Jazz Who were the most respected female jazz instrumentalists in jazz during the 20s, the 30s, the 40s and 50's? What were two of Mary Lou Williams most important contributions to jazz? What was the Sweethearts of Rhythm and how did the group get started? Free Jazz, Mingus and Coltrane What were two of the principal differences between &quot;Free Jazz&quot; and all the style's that had gone before it? Who was Ornette Coleman and why is he important to the development of free jazz? How does the video showing vocalist Abbey Lincoln place her in the avantgarde singer category? She incorporated screaming into her singing, showing that literally any sound could be included into Free Jazz if the feeling was right. Who was Charlie Mingus? What did he play? What was his jazz workshop? Mingus played the bass and was a brilliant composer of jazz pieces, mixing Free Jazz and Third Stream with a variety of other styles to defy classification. He is often considered the heir of Duke Ellington, due to his wide range of work, extremely high standards, and never-ending exploration of music. Who was John Coltrane? What did he play? Why was he important to the acceptance of Free Jazz? Other Info Blood Sweat and Tears first or most important jazz rock band, jazz musicians that wanted to make more money than being in a big band, tired of old life Fusion Virtually all instrumental music played by jazz musicians in a strait 8 th style, other than Latin American music, in which the soloing demonstrated a high level of technical virtuosity and or exploited the blues based elements of Funky jazz or demonstrated modal or free jazz influence Primary bands of era and were all alumni of Miles Davis Bitches Brew -Weather Report -Chick Corea (acoustic jazz), band &quot;return to forever&quot; (fusion) -Herbie Hancock, head hunters and the rocket band chameleon Al Jarreau - frist great jazz vocalist to establish himself as a Fusion artist record companies commercialized jazz fusion by end of 80s, many musicians returned to &quot;straight ahead jazz&quot; Essays Identify and discuss two sociopolitical and/or musical forces that shaped the development of jazz in New Orleans during the last decade of the 19 th and first two decades of the 20th Century. Include in your discussion at least two of the principal musicians that brought the New Orleans style to local and/or national attention. Segregation kept many black musicians from playing in integrated bands. Creoles were important cuz they could play in both black and white bands. Plessey Vs Ferguson affected this era a lot by making segregation legal ODJB recorded the first jazz recording ever livery stable blues which first made jazz music something that you didn't have to go see live Joe King Oliver pioneered the use of mutes, major influence to people like louis Armstrong, One of the greatest trumpet innovators. Shift away from Victorianism -Rise of industrialism -Influx of immigrants -Rural to city migration Feminism women can smoke, drink, dress and have sex before marriage Red Light Districts -Mass entertainment Vaudeville -Professional entertainment industry -First in St Louis -Made to keep women clean -Most famous was in New Orleans Storyville -Black and Tans -Midnight Rumble after hours show Important musicians -Louis Armstrong -Joe King Oliver Identify and discuss two social, political or musical forces that shaped the development of jazz in Chicago during the 1920's. Include in your discussion at least two of the principal male and/or female musicians that created jazz and blues music in Chicago, and what they did to bring jazz in Chicago to national attention. Chicago place to be in the 20s for jazz, thus many musicians from around the country were coming there South side of Chicago all the African American Musicians, Whites would come from north to learn new styles and listen to the blacks then head back north Louis Armstrong trumpeter and scat singer, from NO, but made big career in Chicago when he joined Joe King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band. Created Scat singing, popularized with Heebie Jeebies. Identify and discuss two social, economic or musical forces that shaped the development of Swing Jazz music during the 1930's through the end of WWII. Include in your discussion two of the principal musicians that were responsible for bringing Swing Music to national attention. Identify and discuss two ways jazz from the mid-40's to the end of the 50's demonstrated the shift away from jazz as commercial music towards jazz as fine art music. Include in your discussion two of the principal musicians that created the new Bop style and what they did to bring their efforts to national attention. Identify and discuss two ways jazz from the end of the 50s to the end of the 60s demonstrated involvement with the civil rights movement. Include in your discussion two of the principal musicians that were involved with the new Free Style and what they did to bring their efforts to national attention.