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30, July 2007 Lecture: Chapter 27: containment at home and the Cold War What was the cold war? The cold war was the period of conflict between the US and the USSR and their respective Allies from 1946 (the end of WW2) to 1991 (when soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachov dissolved the Soviet Union's power over Eastern Europe) How did it evolve? There are several theories to the origins of the Cold War Traditional theory--the cold war was started by the Soviets and their zeal for territorial and ideological expansion. Under this theory the US needed to take effective measures against these advancements. (it's all the Soviets fault) Revisionists' theory--The soviets' determination to secure their borders was a logical response to invasions of their territory during both world wars. Under this theory, the US should have tried to re-assure the soviets by seeking accommodation instead of pursuing policies that intensified Soviet fears. (our fault b/c we were pushing the Soviets) Others' theory--Deep-seated interests made postwar tensions between the two superpowers inevitable What issues contributed to the US policy of containment and the cold war? Atomic bomb was a key issue- we had it, the USSR didn't Postdam Conference--July 1945 Baruch Plan--1946 US post-war loan policies--Sept. 1945 US suspended "lend-lease" to assistance Soviets US began making reconstruction loans to Eastern European nations Seen as acts of hostility, Soviets tighten their grip US saw Soviet actions as proof of Communist expansion Truman's policy of National Security--1947 Communist insurgents are overtaking Greece Truman begins the "domino effect" theory Truman doctrine--we must contain Communism Truman Doctrine stated that the US interests were now worldwide and the fate of the free people everywhere hung in the balance. Unless the US aided countries who were resisting subversion by armed minorities, totalitarian communism would spread around the world and threaten the security of US. Truman Doctrine of Containment changed US foreign policy. US implementation of Containment: Executive Order 9835--background checks for federal government employees National Security Act, 1947 War department re-named department of defense National Security Council established 1949 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) established in 1949 Marshall Plan (1946-1951)--most successful Attempts to stabilize Germany's economy led to Berlin blockade and airlift, 1948-49 Consequential events that evolved from the conflicts between the US and USSR will include: Korean war Anti-communist activities in US--- McCarthyism Vietnam War Cuban missile crisis

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