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Course: CHEM 161, Fall 2008School: Bridgewater College
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161 Stoichiometry CHEM Worksheet Group Names ____________________________________ Your Name _____________________ Vinyl chloride (C2H3Cl), one of the top 20 industrial chemicals, is primarily used to make the polymer PVC (polyvinyl chloride). This versatile polymer is used to make piping, siding, gutters, floor tile, clothing, and toys. The overall unbalanced reaction for the production of vinyl chloride is...
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Stoichiometry CHEM Worksheet
Group Names ____________________________________
Your Name _____________________
Vinyl chloride (C2H3Cl), one of the top 20 industrial chemicals, is primarily used to make the polymer PVC (polyvinyl chloride). This versatile polymer is used to make piping, siding, gutters, floor tile, clothing, and toys. The overall unbalanced reaction for the production of vinyl chloride is ____ C2H4 + ____ HCl + ____ O2 ____ C2H3Cl + ____ H2O Assuming you start this reaction with 20.0 kg C2H4 , 60.0 kg HCl, and 20.0 kg O2 , answer the following questions: (show your work credit) for 1. which reactant is the limiting reactant? ______C2H4_______________ 2. how many kg of vinyl chloride can be product assuming a 100% efficient reaction? _____44.6 kg_______ 3. if the % yield were 84.7%, how many kg of vinyl chloride are produced? _____37.7 kg_______ 4. if the cost for C2H4 is $20/kg, $10/kg for HCl, and $50/kg for O2 , how muc...
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Bridgewater College - CHEM - 161
CHEM 161Balance the following reactions:Balancing Reactions Worksheet1.Na2SO3 +H3PO4H2SO3 +Na3PO46.CO2 +H2O5.Al +HClAlCl3 +C6H12O6 +4.Na2CO3 +HCl3.C4H10 +O22.C3H8 +O2H2O +CO2H2O +CO2
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 161
CHEM 161Limiting Reactants1. Write and balance the reaction for the combustion of hexane (C6H14)2. Given that you start with 1.00 kg of C6H14 and 2.00 kg of O2, determine which one is the limiting reagent3. How many kg of CO2 are produced? (a
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 161
CHEM 1611. Simple: F2Drawing Lewis Structures2. Multiple bonds: N23. Central atoms: CF44. Resonance: O3CHEM 161 - F2003 Dr. OverwayPage 1 of 2 Lewis Structures.docGeneral Chemistry I www.bridgewater.edu/~koverwayCHEM 1615. Ions and
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 161
CHEM 161Group 1: NH4CNLewis Structure - PracticeGroup 2: CO3-2Group 3: PO4-3Group 4: SO2CHEM 161 - F2004 Dr. OverwayPage 1 of 2 Lewis Structures Practice.docGeneral Chemistry I www.bridgewater.edu/~koverwayCHEM 161Group 5: SO3Lewi
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 161
CHEM 161VSEPR WorksheetDraw Lewis structures for the following molecules, assign them to an orbital and molecular shape, predict bond angles, and predict molecular polarity. 1. I3 5. TeF5-2.CF46.SeO23.XeCl47.SeO34.NO2-CHEM 1
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 161
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 161
CHEM 161Permanent and Temporary Dipole MomentsFor the following molecules, draw the Lewis structure, draw in the dipole arrows, and indicate whether each has a permanent or temporary dipole moment. CO the dipole moment is (circle one): permanent
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Errors in Analysis EVERY measurement has errors every measurement has random errors some have systematic errors Accuracy the measure of how close a measurement is to the true value Precision the measure of how close replicate measurements are
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Safety Seminar make sure you take the Safety Seminar quiz! Today MCK 100 at 1, 2, or 3pm. 20 minutes The safety seminars will be held on Feb 4 (afternoon) and Feb 5 (evening)When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numb
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Sampling Axiom the final results of an analysis will never be any more reliable than the reliability of the sampling stepSampling sampling is the most important step in any analysis poor sampling leads to contamination unrepresentative samples
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Error Sig Figs sig figs are meant to communicate uncertainty in a number a buret reading of 20.14 mL certain of the 20.1 mL uncertain of the 0.04 mLRandom Errors could be positive or negative effects the precision of the measurement since ra
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Early (Stable) Earth atmosphere reducing atmosphere (no oxygen) mostly N2 , CO , CO2 what H2 did not react was lost to space no ozone in stratosphere to stop UV radiation hydrosphere probably acidic because of high carbonic acid from CO2 HCl
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
The Terrestrial Environment top 4 elements in the crust: O, Si, Al, Fe soil contain inorganic and organic components organic: plant debris, microorganism biomass inorganic: weathered rocks physical weathering chemical weathering freeze/thaw, f
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
97 % in the ocean (3.0 - 4.0 % salinity) 3 % in surface/ground water (0.5 % salinity)Distribution of WaterAquatic Layers epilimnion near O2 saturation high biological activity most stable forms are highly oxidized (CO2 , NO3- , SO42-, etc.
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Errors in Analysis EVERY measurement has errors every measurement has random errors some have systematic errors it is impossible to eliminate all sources of error it is important to be able to express the magnitude of the error (and minimize it
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
Outline Welcome Back! Announcements pick up syllabus1/30/2009Today TdCAPA login (for lab homework) CAPA checks for sig figs and units! CAPA gives a tolerance of 2% ( g (usually) y) all assignments are completed online (nothing to turn in)
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
bring in coal, geodeMetallic Bonds Band theory is an extension of molecular orbital theory that describes bonding in solids. Bands of orbitals that are filled or partially filled by valence electrons are called valence bands; higher ones are call
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
Spontaneous Processes In thermodynamics, a spontaneous process is one that proceeds in a given direction without outside intervention. A nonspontaneous process only occurs for as long as energy is continually added to the system. examplesrusting
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
Thermodynamics vs. Kineticsthermodynamics show that the reaction wants to proceed Kinetics describes how fast a reaction occurs and whyReaction Rates and Mechanisms : The Central Focus of Chemical Kineticsit is all about timeFig. 16.1 from Silb
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
Equilibrium Up to this point, we have only been considering the following: N2O4(g) 2 NO2(g) occurs. Does 2 NO2(g) N2O4(g) occur too? Dont reactions only go one way? NO2 demoEquilibrium Equilibrium is a natural destination balls roll down hill
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
Acid/Base Reactions some covalent compounds have weakly bound H atoms and can lose them to water (acids) some compounds produce OH- in water solutions when they dissolve (bases) acid/base reaction are very important to biochemistry and environment
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
Outline: Announcements4/22/2005DefinitionsA chemical reaction in which there is an electron transfer is a redox rxn. redox: reduction: gain of electrons oxidation: loss of electrons Reduction and oxidation always occur together. If an electron
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Soils 1. most clays are made from these types of minerals. silicates or aliminosilicates 2. this soil buffering mechanism operates near pH = 6. cation exchange 3. this soil buffering mechanism operates near pH = 4. aliminum exchange 4. this soil buff
Bridgewater College - PHYS - 222
Name: PHYS 221 General Physics I First Exam Spring 2007 Note: Show your work. Correct answers by themselves are not sufficient. Also, watch the significant digits in each problem. 1. A sample of an ideal gas at a pressure of 2.00 X 105 Pa expands iso
Bridgewater College - PHYS - 222
Name: PHYS 221 General Physics I Second Exam Spring 2007 Note: Show your work. Correct answers by themselves are not sufficient. Also, watch the significant digits in each problem. 1. The speed of the protons in the solar wind at the Earths orbit ave
Bridgewater College - PHYS - 222
Name: PHYS 222 General Physics II Third Exam Spring 2007 Note: Show your work. Correct answers by themselves are not sufficient. Also, watch the significant digits in each problem. 1. Find the direction of the current in the resistor in the diagram (
Bridgewater College - PHYS - 222
Name: PHYS 221 General Physics I Final Exam Spring 2007 Note: Show your work. Correct answers by themselves are not sufficient. Also, watch the significant digits in each problem. 1. A sample of an ideal gas at a pressure of 3.00 X 105 Pa expands iso
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
CHEM 162Calorimetry Worksheet1. A hot, 80.0-g iron spoon (T=95.0 C) is placed in a coffee cup containing 100.0 g of water at 20 C. After the spoon and the water reach thermal equilibrium, what is the temperature of the water? Use the following in
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
CHEM 1621. NH4+ (aq) + NO2- (aq) N2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)Initial RatesRate =Initial [NH4+] (M) 0.0500 0.100 0.200 Initial [NO2-] (M) 0.0050 0.010 0.010 Inital Rate (M s-1) 6.7510-8 2.7010-7 5.4010-7Rate Law:Exp. # 1 2 32.Rate Law:NO2 (g) + C
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
CHEM 162Integrated Rate Law Equations1. Sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) in the gas phase decomposes to sulfur dioxide and chlorine gas. The following kinetics data were obtained by heating a container containing about 5 atm of the gas to 600 K. Time (
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
CHEM 162MechanismsNO2 (g) + CO (g) NO (g) + CO2 (g)Propose two mechanisms for the following reaction:Mechanism 1:Rate Law:CHEM 162 - S2004 Dr. OverwayRate =Page 1 of 3 mechanisms.doc General Chemistry II www.bridgewater.edu/~koverwayC
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
CHEM 162Equilibrium ExpressionsYou will need to memorize the general forms of each of the following equilibrium expressions. The specific examples that are given do not need to be memorized. 1. Solubility product General form: Specific example: M
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
CHEM 162Acid/Base Calculations1. What is the pH of the solution when 150 mL of 0.20 M HNO3 is mixed with 300 mL of 0.10 M NH3? The Kb of NH3 is 1.810-52. If 1.00 mol of propanoic acid (Ka=1.310-5 ) and 0.40 mol of NaOH are dissolved in enough w
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
CHEM 162Acid/Base Titration Calculations1. Calculate the pH at the following points during the titration of 50.0 mL of 0.1000 M HCl with 0.2000 M NaOH. volume of titrant added (mL) 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 24.50 24.90 24.99 25.00 2
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
CHEM 162Solubility Equilibrium Calcs1. What are the equilibrium concentrations of Ba2+ and SO42- after 24.56 g of BaSO4 (pKsp = 9.96) are added to 200.0 mL of pure water? (answer = 1.0510-5 M)2. What mass of BaSO4 dissolves? (answer = 4.8810-4
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 162
CHEM 162Balancing Redox Reactions(Acidic conditions)Balance the following redox reactions: 1. MnO4- + Br- Mn2+ + Br22.MnO4-+SO32- MnO42- + SO42-(Basic conditions)CHEM 162 - S2005 Dr. OverwayPage 1 of 2 BalancingRedoxRxns.docGener
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Ice age deuterium T Depth (Years Before Present) loss (K) 0 0 -438 0 1 17 -438 0 2 35 -438 0 3 53 -438 0 4 72 -438 0 5 91 -438 0 6 110 -438 0 7 129 -438 0 8 149 -442.9 -0.81 9 170 -437.9 0.02 10 190 -435.8 0.36 11 211 -443.7 -0.95 12 234 -449.1 -1.84
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Ice age Dust Conc (Years Before Present) (ppm) 4509 0.03 4552 0.02 4690 0.02 5259 0.03 5674 0.03 6486 0.01 6874 0.02 6924 0.02 7267 0.04 7697 0.02 7745 0.07 8091 0.04 9107 0.04 9298 0.05 10265 0.02 10515 0.03 10861 0.03 11053 0.05 11749 0.05 11973 0.
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 320
Ice age deuterium T Depth (Years Before Present) loss (K) 0 0 -438 0 1 17 -438 0 2 35 -438 0 3 53 -438 0 4 72 -438 0 5 91 -438 0 6 110 -438 0 7 129 -438 0 8 149 -442.9 -0.81 9 170 -437.9 0.02 10 190 -435.8 0.36 11 211 -443.7 -0.95 12 234 -449.1 -1.84
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
Name:1. Format the following numbers according to the instruction at the top of each column number number scientific notationscientific notation 2 decimal places 3 decimal places 2 decimal places 3 decimal places -0.3 0.29 -1.45 0.88 -1.28 1.79 -0.
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 125
Chemistry 125 Welcome! First day instructions: Pick up a syllabus Pick up a lab schedule Pick up a homework set Pick up CAPA instruction1/26/2007Its not Magic - Its Chemistry purchase your lab manual and safety glasses ASAPWhy Chemistry
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 125
Atomic Components Atomic number: # of protons Mass number: # protons + # neutrons Isotopes: Same atomic # + different mass # Atomic weight: the weighted avg of all isotopes Ion: a charged atom (or molecule) (# protons # electrons) Nuclear Symb
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 125
Sildenafil (Sildenafil citrate, Viagra)Nucleic AcidsChemical Bonding covalent bonds : electrons are shared between atoms ionic bonds : electrons are transferred between atoms polar bonds : electrons are unequally shared these are extremes of a
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 125
oxides of nitrogenMolecular Variety Nomenclature Rules for Ionic Compounds:cation first, then anion simple anions get ide suffix the formula of polyatomic ion written as unit polyatomic ions are in parentheses if >1 in number dont add di-,
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 125
Kidney StonesSolubilityEbbing 7th ed pg. 769Factors Affecting Dissolution temperature for solids, as temp , solubility (in general) for gases, as temp , solubility (in general) solvent and solute must be similar (polar vs. nonpolar) lik
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 125
Acid/Base Reactions some covalent compounds have weakly bound H atoms and can lose them to water (acids) some compounds produce OH- in water solutions when they dissolve (bases) acid/base reaction are very important to biochemistry and environmen
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
Chemistry 445When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
Numerical Uncertainty everyone come up front and read the buret enter your volume in the spreadsheet p on the computerErrors in Analysis EVERY measurement has errors every measurement has random errors some have systematic errors i is imposs
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
Electronics most instruments work on either analog or digital signals we will discuss circuit basics parallel and series circuits voltage dividers filters high-pass, low-pass, band-pass filtersElectronic Components Resistors: resists the flo
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
Optical InstrumentationOptical Instrumentationa typical absorption spectrophotometer source: produces the light wavelength selector: separates the light sample container (sometimes there are two) detector: tranduces light into electrons sign
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
Atomic Absorption/Emission in order for these instruments to work, the sample must be atomized in order to get atomic absorptionAtomic Line Widths both absorption and emission lines are very narrow (a good thing) because there is little interact
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
Errors in Absorption Spectroscopy placement error small changes in the angle of the cuvette produce changes in reflection, pathlength, and P0 these lead to concentration uncertaintiesErrors in Absorption Spectroscopy low absorbance at low A,
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
Absorbance vs. Luminescence Some molecules absorb light Some of the absorbing molecules luminesce Most organic molecules absorb UV-vis Most organic compounds do not luminesce only fused-ring aromatic systems have appreciable fluorescenceOptica
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
CHEM 445Statistics and Sig Figs Key6.57 9.50 8.93 8.24 8.87 7.45 7.08 6.23 8.66 9.26 6.80 7.72Problem 1: Simple Statistics Given the following replicate measurements: 10.23 7.59 7.46 7.41 7.44 8.19 7.27 9.34 7.28 8.20 7.90 8.25 5.88 8.67 7.16 7.
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
CHEM 445FT Filter Quiz/WorksheetAnswer the following questions based on the FTFIlter.xls spreadsheet, located on the Worksheet page of our course home page. Do not work with others on this assignment since it is a quiz. Questions for the Environ
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
0 50 90 <= Noise Freq. #1 (Hz) Signal freq. (Hz) 150 <= Noise Freq. #2 (Hz) trunc. start (Hz) 1 <= Noise Amplitude trunc. stop (Hz) SNR before 2.0 SNR after400 min. = 1 500 max = 500 2.0Pure, Noisy, and Filtered Signals12 11 10 9FT Analys150
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 125
CHEM 125Identifying Compounds WorksheetDetermine whether each compound is an ionic or covalent compound, then name it. Compound Ionic or Covalent Name 1 NO2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NaCl MgCl2 PCl3 SF6 CO2 CaBr2 CS2 FeCl310 LiBr 11 NaF 12 Na2CO3 13 NO3
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 125
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
Dr. OverwayCHEM 445 Instrumental AnalysisEXAM ISeptember 21, 2003Instructions: Do not open this test booklet until you are instructed to do so. Show your work in order to receive partial credit. Keep track of units and use the correct signif
Bridgewater College - CHEM - 445
Dr. OverwayCHEM 445 Instrumental AnalysisPractice EXAM II (100 pts)Instructions: Do not open this test booklet until you are instructed to do so. Show your work in order to receive partial credit. Keep track of units and use the correct signif