October Exploration 18, 2007 Frank AGE OF EXPLORATION Triangular Trade o Manufactured goods--from Europe, to Africa, slaves go to new world Shift from Mediterranean to Atlantic Creation of the Global Economy EUROPEAN EXCEPTIONALISM (Racial Superiority)--Things that allow Europe to become the predominant power! Maritime Technology Protestant Ethic o Hard work and frugality New mentality that fosters capitalism o Max Weber--Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism o Special States and Institutions o Scientific Revolution Copernicus--Heliocentric Universe Galileo Brahe Kepler o Industrial Revolution Late 18th century, beginning of 19th century Frank--says European Exceptionalisim is what is in most textbooks--he doesn't agree--overemphasized the west's role in this SINGLE WORLD SYSTEM--happened before joining of hemispheres--between 1500-1800--Europe wasn't economic center Europe o Joining of the Hemispheres--doesn't equate to leading of economy---china is center Up until 1800--china is center--everybody knew it. o Silver from Latin America (Import and Re-Export)--only thing China wanted China exported porcelain and silk o Trade Imbalance
Europe importing more than exporting Silver was never less than 2/3 of exports AFRICA Intra-African Trade o Common currency o Cowry shells Trade on East African coast to India and China WEST ASIA AND INDIA Muslim States o Ottoman--Turkey o Moguls--India o "Gun Powder Empires" Loses economic viability of these empires...focus on creation of political empires---rival Europe in volume of trade. Focus is Eurocentric. Over focus on political and not enough on economy Overland Trade (i.e. Silk Road) Balance of trade surplus with Europe SE ASIA Indian Ocean and China Sea No European Monopoly Overland Trade Sophisticated Banking and Financial Institutions JAPAN "Seclusion" from West Only o Commodore Perry--19th century Close themselves from Europe except for Dutch because of trying to convert to Christianity o Meiji Restoration Conscious effort by Japan to industrialize Copying from the Extensive west trade with SE Asia and China o Not that secluded, just secluded from the West o Eurocentric to exclude Japan Population and Urbanization greater than in Europe CHINA Export silk and Porcelain (for silver)
Ming Reversal of naval expansion (15th century) Qing limit maritime trade (17th) SE Maritime Trade never stopped o Illegal o Expressed as tribute 66% of Population And 80% GNP Global economic center INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Europe gradually becomes center Technology a function of world development o Focus on British role--world wide phenomena o Europe borrowed from India and everyone stealing from everyoneo Its always a world thing Craft based Europe as Peripheral o Low population/land=high wages o Emphasis on Labor Saving Devices Eric Williams---Capitalism and Slavery China as Center o High pop/land=low wages o Emphasis on use of labor o No rational incentive for mechanical devices October 23, 2007 Mies Against exploitation o Western women used as sex objects for upper class men o All kinds of exploitation--not just men over women, but colonizer over colony, black over white.etc. Middle ages o Crusades/Petty Trade Men left and women got into petty trade...accumulated wealth during this time o Prostitution It wasn't even looked down upon St Mary Magdalene was saint of this Witch Hunts
o 14th and 15th century o Dark ages o Business, not religion Capital for church and state Professionaliziation of law Women had accumulated money, so people took all their money when accused of being a witch. Parallels o Scientific Method Francis Bacon Torture of Nature Parallel of torturing nature for science and women because of witches Guinea Pigs Used for scientific revolution o Civilizing Mission Savages/Ladies Savages--African and Asia (colonies) Ladies-European not in public anymore, placed in home and in private Public/Private Housewifization o Nuclear Family Bourgeoisie Colony Market Women's work a natural resource Proletarian Support' Man is the king of the castle Marx Franc and Mies--not Afro centric...useful in global context