140, Biology Spring 2008 Exam 2 (62 questions)
KEY
Record your answers on the scantron form provided (use a #2 pencil) 1. It is advantageous for cells to be small because: *A. a small cell size prevents a cell from weighing too much. *B. a small cell size occupies less space in nature where space is limited. C. a small cell has a small volume relative to surface area, thereby increasing efficient transport. *D. a small cell has a small surface area relative to volume, thereby facilitating ion balance. *E. a small cell is better able to conserve energy than a larger cell. 2. Use the figure below to answer the following question.
Which of the following statements about the cells in the accompanying figure is true? *A. *B. *C. *D. E. 2. Figure B cell has a greater surface area than the combined surface area of Figure A cells. Figure B cell has a much greater volume than the combined volume of Figure A cells. Figure B cell has a smaller volume than the combined volume of Figure A cells. Figure B cell has a greater surface area to volume ratio than any Figure A cells. Figure B cell has a smaller surface area to volume ratio than any Figure A cells.
Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than either the human eye or any light microscope because: *A. of their higher magnification. *B. the lenses used are of much higher quality. C. of the very short (nanometer) wavelengths of electrons. *D. the images are viewed on screens, rather than directly using an eyepiece or ocular lens. *E. all of the above. 3. Cell fractionation is used to isolate organelles. The main instrument used in cell fractionation is: *A. the electron microscope. B. the light microscope. C. a centrifuge. D. a water bath. E. none of the above. 4. Prokaryotes are: A. single celled organisms with no organelles. B. single celled organisms with membraneous organelles and no nuclear membrane. C. single celled organisms with no membraneous organelles and no nuclear membrane D. single celled organisms that are obligate parasites. E. single celled organisms that no longer exist. 1
5. Which of the following is (are) found in prokaryotic cells? A. Mitochondria B. Chloroplasts C. Nuclear membrane D. Ribosomes E. Endoplasmic reticulum 6. You would not expect to find RNA in which of the following structures? A. Nucleus B. Mitochondrion C. Vacuole D. Ribosome E. Prokaryotic cell
7. Which is TRUE about the Archaea: A. they are more closely related to the Bacteria but live in extreme environments B. they lack a nuclear membrane around their DNA C. they possess membraneous organelles D. they are single celled fossils E. they are eukaryotes. 8. Nuclear pores are "gates" that control what goes in and out of the: A. Nucleus B. Cell wall C. Golgi apparatus D. Mitochondrion.
E. Chloroplast.
9. The roles of biological membranes in eukaryotic cells include which of the functions listed below? A. Separating a cell from its environment B. Selecting what goes into and out of the cell C. Maintaining a constant internal environment D. Communicating with adjacent cells E. All of the above 10. Which of the following structures would not be found in cells of a plant's roots? *A. mitochondria B. chloroplasts C. Golgi apparatus * D. nucleus E. All of the above would be found in cells of a plant's root. 11. Which of the following structures or activities is NOT directly part of the endomembrane system? *A. Budding B. Lysosomes C. Ribosomes D. Peroxisomes E. Golgi appararus 12. The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the A. Nucleus. B. Golgi apparatus. C. Nucleolus. D. Plasma membrane. E. Mitochondria. 13. Lysosomes are the "digestive centers" of the cell: A. True B. False 14. DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex known as: *A. Nucleoli. B. Nucleus. C. Genes. D. Chromatin. 15. Proteins made on ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum may be further modified within the: *A. plasma membrane. B. nucleus. C. mitochondria. D. Golgi complex. E. cytoskeleton 2
16, 17, 18. Use the figure below to answer the following questions .
16. Assign the correct labels to letters A, B and C (respectively) A. Mitochondria, cytoskeleton, nuclear membrane B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus C. Cytoskeleton, Nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus D. Cytoskeleton, Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus 17. Assign the correct label to letters D and E (respectively) A. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus C. Cytoskeleton, Nuclear envelope D. Mitochondria, Rough endoplasmic reticulum 18. The cell shown is most likely A. Animal cell B. Plant cell
C. Prokaryotic cell
D. Bacterial cell
19. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum: A. is absent in most plant cells. B. synthesizes proteins. C. provides structural support. D. synthesizes lipids. E. is required for ribosome synthesis. 20. The cytoskeleton is a dynamic internal framework made of: A. microtubules, microelements, fibers B. intermediate tubules, microfilaments, fibers. C. microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments D. microtubules, microfilaments, endomembrane system. E. nuclear pores, chromatin 21. Motor proteins are associated with microtubules. A. True B. False 3
22. Which of the following pairs is CORRECTLY matched? *A. chloroplast -- storage of enzymes *B. lysosome -- powerhouse of the cell C. nucleolus -- site of ribosomal subunit synthesis *D. plastids -- structural support of the cell *E. Golgi apparatus -- production of energy 23. Which of the following pairs is CORRECTLY matched? A. Microtubules-keratins B. Microfilaments - tubulin dimers C. Intermediate filaments -actin and myosin D. Microfilaments actin 24. The centrioles are related to which other cellular structures: A. Microtubules B. Microfilaments C. Intermediate filaments
D. Golgi apparatus
25. All of the following functions are performed by plant vacuoles EXCEPT: *A. maintaining hydrostatic (turgor) pressure. *B. waste storage and recycling. *C. storage of proteins. *D. breakdown of unneeded cellular materials. E. storage of nucleic acids. 26, 27, 28. Use the figure below to answer the corresponding questions.
26. The organelle featured in the accompanying figure: *A. is present in a few prokaryotes. B. is the major site of protein synthesis in the cell. *C. plays a vital role in packaging materials to be secreted. D. plays a central role in energy metabolism. *E. is located in the nucleus. 27. The structures indicated by the arrows in the associated figure are: *A. Thylakoid lamellae. B. Grana. C. Cristae. D. Matrix. E. Plastids. 28. The main process that occurs at the site of the structures marked by arrows in the figure is: *A. protein synthesis. *B. photosynthesis. C. conversion of food molecules to ATP (ATP synthesis) *D. processing and packaging of proteins. *E. transcription.
4
29. A cellular structure found in a plant but not an animal cell is the: A. Chloroplast. B. Ribosome. C.Golgi apparatus. D. Microtubule. E. Microfilament. 30. Which of the following is NOT an extracellular structure of a cell *A. Peptidoglycan B. Extracellular matrix C. Cristae. D. wall Cell 31. Ribosomes are the structures in which A. chemical energy is stored by making ATP. B. cell division is controlled. C. genetic information is used to make proteins. D. sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy. E. new organelles are made. 32. Which of the following statements about bacteria is FALSE? *A. A small percentage of bacteria are pathogenic. *B. Some bacteria can photosynthesize. *C. Bacteria are important decomposers. D. Bacteria are not cellular and are sometimes not classified as life forms. *E. Bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and then nitrates that can be used by plants. 33. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the portion of the ER that A. lacks ribosomes. B. is older and was once the smooth ER. C. has ribosomes attached to it. D. is connected to the Golgi apparatus. E. is the site of steroid synthesis. 34. Proteins from the Golgi are transported to the correct location by means of A. signals found on the packaged proteins. B. the direction in which all vesicles travel within the cell. C. the control provided by the nucleus. D. cilia E. microtubules. 35. Which of the following is TRUE of lysosomes? A. They are the sites where autophagy occurs. B. They provide turgor in plant cells. C. They may contain anthocyanins that aid in pollination. D. They are found only in plants. E. They give their colors to flowers. 36. Lysosomes are found only in A. Plant cells B. Bacterial cells
E. Collagen fibers
C. Nuclei
D. Animal cells
E. None of the above
37. The glyoxysome is an organelle likely abundant in young plants A. True B. False 5
38. Starch molecules are stored inside A. chromoplasts. B. granularplasts. C. chloroplasts. D. potatoplasts. E. leucoplasts. 39. Which of the following structures is (are) responsible for the movement of organelles within a cell? A. Golgi apparatus B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Mitochondrion D. Microfilaments E. Intermediate filaments 40. Which of the following is INCORRECT A. The stroma contains ribosomes and DNA B. Phagosomes fuse to primary lysosomes C. Chloroplasts and Chromoplasts are plastids D. Lysosomes originate from the rough endoplasmic reticulum 41. The extracellular matrix of animal cells A. is composed of cellulose. B. contains plasmodesmata. C. limits the cell volume by remaining rigid. D. helps orient cell movements during embryonic development. E. acts as a barrier to disease-causing fungi. 421. The Archaea are more closely related to which other domain? A. Bacteria. B. Bacteria and Eukarya C. Eukarya D. Prokaryotes. E. None of the above 43. The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is: A. binary fission. B. transformation. C. transduction. D. conjugation. E. mitosis.
44. Which of the following statements about Archaea is false? A. They include some species that live in environments with extreme salinity and low oxygen. B. They have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. C. They possess RNA and DNA. D. They include some species that are obligate anaerobes, which produce most of the methane released in the atmosphere. E. They include some species that love heat and acid and may die of "cold" at 55C (131F). 45. The Gram method is useful for differentiating bacteria that A. have two plasma membranes. B. have cell walls with cellulose. C. have cell walls with at least some glycogen. D. have cell walls with different thickness of the peptidoglycan layer . E. have chloroplasts. 46. Prokaryotic flagella A. are structurally related to those of eukaryotes. B. are similar to cilia. C. are structurally unrelated to those of eukaryotes. D. None of the above 6
47. Synthesis of peptidoglycan-containing cell walls can be inhibited by A. Archaea. B. antibiotics. C. Bacteria. D. wishful thinking. E. Gram stains. 48. Which statement is INCORRECT? A. Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes B. Bacteria and Archaea are viruses C. Bacteria and Archaea are usually unicellular organisms D. There are no human pathogen among the Archaea. E. Some prokaryotes live in association with certain eukaryotes 49. Which of the following is a broad nutritional category of bacteria that is recognized by biologists? A. Physioautotrophs B. Heteroautotrophs C. Chemolithotrophs D. Both A and B E. Both A and C 50. Which of the following characteristics or components is (are) distinctive to Archaea? A. Branched, long-chain hydrocarbons in the membranes B. A lack of peptidoglycan C. Lipids with glycerol-ether linkages D. All of the above. E. None of the above 51. A soil sample contains large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria. These bacteria are referred to as A. bacilli. B. cocci. C. spiral. D. helici. 52. The typical size of a bacterium is about A. 1 m B. 1 mm C. 1 m D. 1 nm 53. Which statement is INCORRECT A. Lipid monolayers are found in some Archaea B. Bacteria and Eukarya have similar lipids in their membrane C. Some Archaea live near pH 0 D. Bacterial photosynthesis always produces oxygen as a byproduct E. Bacteria may respire without oxygen as long as another electron acceptor is available 54. The dense films laid down by many prokaryotes are called A. endotoxins B. denitrifiers C. biofilms D. pathogens E. postulate 55. Quorum sensing refers to A. A mode of bacterial motility B. The organization of the cytoskeleton close to the membrane C. The ability of plant cells to monitor the size of the neighboring cells by sensing a chemical signal D. The ability of bacterial cells to monitor their numbers by sensing a chemical signal E. The ability of bacteria to survive low oxygen 56. Bacteria may be motile by using Pili A. True B. False
7
57. The plasma membrane of some bacteria may fold into the cytoplasm and form an internal membrane system such as in certain A. heat-loving Archaea when temperature drops B. motile bacteria when the flagella rotate C. photosynthetic bacteria to increase the surface of photosynthetic membranes D. such internal membrane systems do not exist in bacteria 58. A bacterium that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen is called a(n) A. obligate aerobe B. facultative aerobe C. obligate anaerobe D. facultative anaerobe 59. Which means of locomotion is not used by prokaryotes? A. Gliding B. Flagella C. Corkscrew-like motion D. Beating cilia
E. Gas vacuoles
60. Bacteria are known for the many roles they play in biological communities. Which of the following roles is the rarest for this group of organisms? A. Pathogen B. Digestive aid C. Nitrogen and sulfur processor in soils D. Decomposer E. Industry and agricultural use 61. In general, taken as a group, Prokaryotes use more diverse metabolic mechanisms compared to eukaryotes A. True B. False 62. Which of the following is not one of Koch's postulates? A. The microorganism is always found in the diseased individual. B. The microorganism taken from the diseased host can be grown in pure culture. C. A sample of the pure culture of the microorganism produces the disease when injected into an uninfected host. D. A host infected by injection from the cultured microorganism yields a new culture of the microorganism identical to the original culture. E. The microorganism can be transmitted by insect vectors.
8