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Study Guide Final Exam
Course: OS 286, Fall 2008School: Clarkson
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Word Count: 381
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to Introduction Psychology Study Guide Final Exam (Cumulative Portion) Chapter 1: What is Psychology? Overview of schools of thought (Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Humanism) Define theory, hypothesis, and operational definition Research methods -- Observational -- Correlational (inc. understanding the correlation coefficient) -- Experimental (inc. IV/DV, control/exp group, random...
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to Introduction Psychology Study Guide Final Exam (Cumulative Portion)
Chapter 1: What is Psychology? Overview of schools of thought (Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Humanism) Define theory, hypothesis, and operational definition Research methods -- Observational -- Correlational (inc. understanding the correlation coefficient) -- Experimental (inc. IV/DV, control/exp group, random assignment) Ethical principles Chapter 2: Biological Influences Parts of the neuron (cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath) Overview of neural transmission and synaptic transmission (i.e., understand the difference) Major divisions of the nervous system (know the general function of each) Four lobes of the cerebral cortex & the corpus callosum (know location & general function of each) Chapter 3: Sensation & Perception Definition of sensation vs. perception Vision -- Basic structure & function (e.g., cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina) -- Understand function of rods & cones -- Trichromatic vs. Opponent Process Theories Hearing -- Basic structure & function (outer middle inner ear) Chemical Senses (Overview of taste & smell) Chapter 4: Consciousness Sleep -- Define circadian rhythm -- REM vs. non-REM sleep -- Dream theories (unconscious wishes, coping, mental housekeeping, activation-synthesis) -- Sleep disorders (esp. insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy) Chapter 5: Learning Classical Conditioning -- General principles (inc. stimulus generalization, extinction) -- Identify UCS, UCR, CS, CR -- taste How aversions are special Operant Conditioning -- Distinguish from Classical Conditioning
2 -- Identify reinforcement vs. punishment (positive & negative) -- General principles (inc. stimulus generalization, extinction) -- Partial reinforcement schedules (ratio & interval) -- Shaping (what is it & when is it used) Social Learning (Bandura's Bobo doll study) Chapter 6: Memory Stage model of memory (sensory memory, STM, LTM) Working memory view Types of LTM (procedural, semantic, episodic) Theories of forgetting (decay, interference, cue-dependent, repression) Chapter 7: Cognition Availability & representative heuristics Chapter 8: Motivation & Emotion Psychological Motives -- Approach vs. avoidance goals -- Performance vs. mastery goals -- Intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation Theories of Emotion (James-Lange, Two-Factor, Cognitive-Mediational) Chapter 9: Child Development Stages of Prenatal Development (germinal, embryonic, fetal) Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development (inc. definition of object permanence & conservation) Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Reasoning Importance of attachment Chapter 12: Social Psych Conformity -- Asch study -- Factors (anonymity, group size, unanimous) -- Normative vs. informational conformity Obedience (Milgram study & factors that affected "teacher's" obedience) Attribution theory (inc. FAE, self-serving bias) Central vs. peripheral route to persuasion Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Helping Behavior (inc. bystander effect, diffusion of responsibility)
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