are What the 4 concepts of health people have? Explain - Clinical: have or don't have signs or symptoms = if healthy or not - Role Performance: ability to perform ADLS and IADLS - Adaptability: Able to adapt with their illness - Eudemonistic What is a HRA? What does it do? - Health Risk Appraisal: Does not tell you what you will die from or when but it tells you what your risks are What is Epidemiology? - The study of disease and distribution, disability and death across a group. Health Illness Continuum includes: - 1 degree: no risks or little due to age, family, lifestyle - 2 degree: screening is involved; o Clinically sings must be diagnose by a healthcare provider High blood pressure Cholesterol o Symptoms can be told by patient Shortness of breath - 3 degree: actual event or death o Heart attack Primary Level of Prevention - Health promotion and disease: Preventing the population from getting it Secondary Level of Prevention - Screening and treating as soon as possible - Avoid/delay disease Tertiary Level of Prevention - Will live like this but can learn to adapt through rehab etc. Public Health Nurses do what? Look at statistics over a group of people like the prevalence of high blood pressure in African Americans then try to treat/teach health promotion based on evidence to treat (what 3 things do they do?) - Assess - Policy development - Assurance Community Health Nurses do what? - Look at specific individuals with high blood pressure and try to treat them
What are the 5 Transtheoretical Models of Behavior Change? Explain each... - Precontemplation: Not thinking about doing anything to change - Contemplation: See need for change but not making any change: pros/cons - Preparation: Small attempts at changing, plans soon to do so but not fully buying into idea: contracting - Action: See action taken - Maintenance: 6 or more months What is universality? - Showing that you understand the situation at hand with client and that you relate What is Sympathy? - Feeling sorry for client; looking down on client What is Empathy? - Putting yourself in their shoes and understanding where they come from Barriers to Nurse Client Relationship? - stereotyping - invading personal space - anxiety - personal importance of nurse Transference: - When the patient has thoughts or feelings on us or treatment based on previous experience Countertransference: - When we as the nurse have thoughts or feeling on the client based on previous experience What don't you want to do during Therapeutic Communication? - Give advice - Ask yes/no questions - Blame - Ask why questions - False re-assurance - Rationalizing why you did something wrong What are some ways to enhance self motivating statements? - open ended questions - affirmation - reflecting - summarizing
What are the 4 types of reflection? - Repeating - Rephrasing - Paraphrasing - Reflection What are some causes of conflict? - role conflict - communication - goal conflict - personality conflict - values/beliefs What is the best way to resolve conflict? - Collaboration What are the styles of communication? - assertive - aggressive - passive What are the benefits of health promotion? - quality control - cost control What are the three learning domains? - Cognitive - Affective - Psychomotor Describe the Cognitive domain...what types of things can be done if the patient learns like this?: - using knowledge, comprehension, and critical thinking skills - lecture, Q&A's, individual studying Describe the Affective domain...what types of things can be done if the patient learns like this? - values, beliefs, and feelings - role playing and discussion Describe the psychomotor domain...what types of things can be done if the patient learns like this? - demonstrating, playing What are the parts to the nursing process? - Assessment
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Diagnosis Planning Intervention Evaluation
What is stress? - feelings one has due to stressors in their life What is a stressor? Examples? - things that cause stress - money, family Systems theory? - If stress is applied to a system, the system will re-evaluate itself and reduce the stress Different responses to stress? (3) - fight or flight - Resistance - Exhaustion What are the two main stress generators? - Head: preconceive how things are going to be, have expectations - Hand: too involved, perfectionist What is a crisis? - Something that threaten a persons or their ability to cope 3 types of crisis are? - Situational - Maturational - Social Just world theory? - The world is just to those who deserve it Action Outcome contingency? - everyone controls their outcome What are the balancing factors of a crisis? (3) - Perception of event - Coping ability - Social support What is the current life expectancy? - 76.9
What are the four sub groups for old age? Give ages - Young old- 65-74 Middle - old- 75-84 - Old-Old- 85-99 - Elite- 100+ What are the 6 things it is important to do when giving an elder assessment? - Coordinate - Anticipate - Manipulate - Demonstrate - Validate - Repeat What is SCALES used for? - To see if an elder has malnutrtion What does SCALES stand for? - Sadness/depression - Cholesterol - Albumin - Loss or gain of weight - Eating problems - Shopping/ food preparation What is SPICES used for? - Shows some common types of injuries elders have What does SPICES stand for? - Sleep disoreders - Jfks - Incontinence - Confusion - Evidence of falls - Skin breakdown What is Eriksons level of development for Infants? - Trust vs. mistrust What is Piaget's level of development for Infants? - sensorimotor Type of play of infant? - solitary
When can you start to discipline an infant? - 6-18 months old When is a pacifier needed? - 1-3 months How do you determine how many teeth an infant should have? - age in months minus 6 What do you feed a child for the first year of life? - breast milk When should you start adding iron fortified cereal? - 4-6 months When do vegetables get added? - 7 months When do fruits get added? - 8 months When can a child have meet and eggs? - 9-10 months What type of the egg can they have? - yolks When can the infant follow to the midline? - 1 month When does an infant have a social smile? - 6-8 weeks When does an infant begin to see color? - 2 months When can an infant track past the midline? - 3 months When is binocularity established? - 4 months When can a baby lift it's head and chest? - 4 months
When does a baby start to crawl? Is it forward or backward? - 4 months (backward) When can an infant intentionally roll over? - 5 months How does it roll first? - abdomen to back When is depth perception est.? - 6 months When can a baby be propped and sit? - 6 months When does a baby respond to its name? - 7 months When can it use its arms to support itself sitting? - 7 months When is permanent eye color established? - 8 months When is pincer grasp starting? - 8 months When is crawling and creeping? - 9-11 months When is object permanence est? - 10 months When can a baby feed itself with a spoon? - 10 months When does cruising happen? - 11 months Walking? - 12 months What is the second leading cause of death for 15-24 year olds? - homicide
What is the time period for young adults? - 18-35 Criteria for adulthood include? - economic independence, want and ability to have a spouse and children, independent decision making When is physical growth complete? - 20 yrs/old What is the leading cause of death for young adults? - suicide Nursing interventions for those who are contemplating suicide include looking for? - depression - slowed gait - slumped shoulders - droopy face - self neglect Piaget's theory for young adults is? - Formal concrete thinking When does recall performance peak? Start to diminish? - 20.. 30 What is Erikson's Theory for young adults? - Intimacy vs. isolation and loneliness What is Kohlbergs developmental theory? Describe... - postconventional thinking: knows there is a difference between rules and themselves as well as the expectations of others What is the leading cause of death for Middle aged adults? Heart disease Lung cancer Crebrovascular accident Breast cancer Colorectal cancer
What are the health promotion ideas for middle? - acceptance of age - inc. physical activity - reduce weight - reduce/stop cigarette and alcohol consumption - preventive health screening
What is the time period of middle age? - 35-65 Prebyopia is? - farsightedness Presbycuspus is? - loss of hearing What are the views of menopause? - biomedical - psychological - sociocultural - feminist What is Erikson's theory for middle adults? - generativity vs. stagnation What is Havinghurst developmental tasks for middle aged people? - there are specific events that adults should be doing to have achieved a successful life What is Levinson's Theory for middle? - Men and women go through a time in their lives where they evaluate their lives thus far and determine if their goals are going to be met. Then they alter their lives to be who they want to be. Happens to women between 35-50 and to men at about 40 What are males prone to? - ulcers, hernias, emphysema, and injuries What are females prone to? - arthritis, colitis, and gall bladder disease What are the goals of weight management? - calorie reduction - increase physical activity - normalize weight - risk for disease decreased What did the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging determine? - Normal aging did not have large effects on health but that chronic disease usually had large effects
What is Erikson's Developmental Theory for Older adults? - ego integrity vs.despair What are the three themes of well being? - activity - affirmation - synthesis