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reARCHpart-3

Course: REARCH 3, Fall 2008
School: Minnesota
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The Re-Arch: Initiative for Renewable Energy in Architecture Best Practices in Daylighting & Passive Systems for Smaller Commercial Buildings Project Team: University of Minnesota College of Design (CDes) Midwest Renewable Energy Society (MRES) Center for Sustainable Building Research (CSBR) Midwest Renewable Energy Association (MREA) American Institute of Architects Minnesota (AIA MN) Green Institute Thomas Brown, Architect, LEED-AP Part 3 Daylighting Fundamentals Studies Strategies Funded in part by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) Daylighting as a Passive System Basic Concepts Best Practices Daylighting Resources Books Websites Daylighting Calculations Guidelines Rules of Thumb Web-based Tools Window Parameters Skylight Parameters Daylighting Studies Source: Arch-Record-Grand-Central-Station-1.jpg Daylighting Studies Investment Seattle City Light Sustainability Studies - Bottom Line 2 percent of the 30-year costs of a building are in its initial construction 6 percent is expended on operations and maintenance 92 percent is spent on the people who work there. Source: www.ci.seattle.wa.us/light/conserve/sustainability Daylighting Studies Work environment Environmental Building News - Productivity A typical company annually spends: about $2 per square foot for energy in an office building about $20 per square foot for rent about $200 per square foot on labor Thus, a one-percentage-point improvement in worker productivity could save as much money annually as the companys entire energy budget Source: Environmental Building News 9-99 www.buildinggreen.com Daylighting Studies Education Environmental Building News - Schools Heschong-Mahone Study Students in classrooms with the most daylight had a 20% to 26% faster learning rate than students in classrooms with only artificial light. Students in classrooms with the largest window area learned 15% to 23% faster than students in classrooms with the smallest window area. Students in classrooms with central skylights that diffused the incoming light had 19% to 20% faster learning rates than students in rooms with no skylights Students in classrooms with non-diffusing skylights (where glare from direct sunlight may have been a problem) had a 21% lower improvement in reading than students in rooms with no skylights. Classrooms with operable windows were associated with 7% to 8% greater improvement in test scores than students in classrooms with fixed windows. Source: Environmental Building News 9-99 www.buildinggreen.com Daylighting Studies Education NREL - Productivity in the Office & Schools Four Oaks Elementary School, CA Daylit school First year test scores increased to 9%above the county average. Between 1988 and 1992, Four Oaks had a 15% increase in test scores. 3% higher than the countys 12% average (Heschong-Mahone) Source: www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/30769.pdf Daylighting Studies Education Seattle City Light Sustainability Studies - Learning Seattle Public School District, Seattle, Washington Students in classrooms with largest window area or the most daylight tested 9% to 15% higher than those with the least window area or daylighting Students in skylit classrooms tested 6% to 7% higher Poudre School District, Fort Collins, Colorado 7% improvement in test scores in classrooms with the most daylighting 14% to 18% improvement for students in classrooms with the largest window areas 3% effect for classrooms with roof top monitors for math scores but with no significant effect on reading scores Study by Heschong Mahone Group, Daylighting In Schools 1999 Source: www.ci.seattle.wa.us/light/conserve/sustainability Daylighting Studies Education Solatube - Education/Student Performance Roy Lee Walker Elementary School, McKinney, Texas Extensive use of daylighting in every classroom $40,000 to $50,000 per year savings in energy costs (National Renewable Energy Laboratory Report, Daylighting in Schools: Improving Student Performance and Health at a Price Schools Can Afford, 2000) (School Planning & Management, March 2001) Pittsburgh-area elementary school After skylights were installed, attendance records rose from the state average of 93.5% to 95% (Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, February 15, 2000) Source: www.solatube.com/com_daylightingfacts.php Daylighting Studies Work environment Johnson Controls Personal Environments Study - Executive Summary A direct correlation exists between environmental comfort and employee productivity in open office environments. At minimum, 1% of the salaries in an average 500,000-square-foot office building amounts to more than $975,000. A 2.8% productivity gain is absolutely possible when employees are given control over their environments. That same 3% productivity gain would translate into $2,925,000 per year of productivity improvements in the average 500,000square-foot office Source: www.johnsoncontrols.com/cg/PersEnv/pe_whitepaper.htm Daylighting Studies Work environment NREL - Productivity in the Office & Schools West Bend Mutual Insurance, WI Personal control over their workstation (temperature, task lighting) 16% increase in claims processing productivity (Romm and Browning 1994). 2.8% increase in productivity over the old building (Lovins 1995). 2.8% gain in productivity is worth approximately $364,000, with its annual salary base of $13 million (Romm and Browning 1994). Source: www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/30769.pdf Daylighting Studies Work environment Seattle City Light Sustainability Studies Comfort VeriFone, Costa Mesa, CA Natural daylight and small task lights absenteeism dropped 40% due to improved comfort productivity increased 5%, reducing payback time to under one year -- a 100% ROI 50% energy savings GREENING THE BUILDING AND THE BOTTOM LINE: Increasing Productivity Through Energy-Efficient Design By: Joseph J. Romm and William D. Browning 1994 Source: www.ci.seattle.wa.us/light/conserve/sustainability Daylighting Studies Work environment NREL - Productivity in the Office & Schools VeriFone, Costa Mesa, CA Daylit Worldwide Distribution Center Productivity increased by more than 5% (Pape1998) Total product output increased 25%28% (Pape1998) reduction in absenteeism of 6.8 hours per person per year (Sundaram and Croxton 1998) Source: www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/30769.pdf Daylighting Studies Work environment Seattle City Light Sustainability Studies Comfort Miller SQA Building, Holland, MI Passively heated and cooled -- state-of-the-art ventilation worker effectiveness rose from 98.54% to 99.53% work quality rose from 98.97% to 99.23 annual energy savings in excess of $35,000 the natural gas costs decreased by 7% water and sewer costs down 65% electrical costs down by 18% GREENING THE BUILDING AND THE BOTTOM LINE: Increasing Productivity Through Energy-Efficient Design By: Joseph J. Romm and William D. Browning 1994 Source: www.ci.seattle.wa.us/light/conserve/sustainability Daylighting Studies Seattle City Light Sustainability Studies Productivity Work Lockheed Martin Building 157, Sunnyvale, California Raised Floor High window walls Sloped ceilings bring daylight deeply into the space Central atrium Light shelves on the south side Fluorescent fixtures dimmed with photocells Absenteeism declined 15% Productivity rose 15% 75% decrease in lighting bills annual savings $500,000 Source: www.ci.seattle.wa.us/light/conserve/sustainability Daylighting Studies Work environment Heshong-Mahone - Studies summary Windows and Offices: A Study of Office Worker Performance and the Indoor Environment (CEC PIER 2003) When they had the best possible view versus those with no view, Workers were found to: process calls 6% to 12% faster. perform 10% to 25% better on tests of mental function. Source: Heschong-Mahone -www.h-m-g.com Daylighting Studies Retail Seattle City Light Sustainability Studies - Retail Sales Wal-Mart Eco-Mart, Lawrence, KA Store opened in 1993 Glazed entry arch for daylighting Efficient lighting system and a light monitor Skylights in one half the building rather than spreading them out Sales pressure (sales per square foot) was significantly higher for daylit half of the store Sales were higher than the same departments in other stores J. J. Romm, Cool Companies -- How the Best Businesses Boost Profits and Productivity by Cutting Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 1999, Island Press, Washington, D.C. & Covelo, CA Source: www.ci.seattle.wa.us/light/conserve/sustainability Daylighting Studies Retail Solatube - Retail Sales A 1995 Wall Street Journal article reported Wal-Marts experience with daylighting its store in Lawrence, Kan. Sales were significantly higher in the side of the store that utilized skylights than the same products displayed at other Wal-Mart stores. To test the correlation, products were swapped from the artificially lit to the daylit sections and those located under the skylights again had significantly higher sales while those shifted to the artificial lights returned to their national sales average. (Portland Business Journal, July 19, 1999) Source: www.solatube.com/com_daylightingfacts.php Daylighting Studies Retail Seattle City Light Sustainability Studies - Retail Sales Wal-Mart, City of Industry, CA Half the energy of a typical new California store lighting Advanced with dimming controls Efficient and down-sized HVAC system 180 skylights taking up about 5% of roof's 120,000 s.f. surface Energy savings are $75,000 to $80,000 per year 3 year payback GREENING THE BUILDING AND THE BOTTOM LINE: Increasing Productivity Through Energy-Efficient Design By: Joseph J. Romm and William D. Browning Source: www.ci.seattle.wa.us/light/conserve/sustainability Daylighting Studies Retail Environmental Building News - Retail Sales Heschong-Mahone Study Skylighting was found to have the largest impact, boosting the sales index by an average of 40% (range of 31% to 49%). if a non-daylit store had average sales of $2 per square foot, sales would be expected to increase to between $2.61 and $2.98 per square foot if skylights were added. Source: Environmental Building News 9-99 www.buildinggreen.com Daylighting Studies Retail Heshong-Mahone - Studies summary Daylight and Retail Sales (CEC PIER 2003) Average effect of daylighting on sales for all daylit stores in this chain was variously calculated from 0% to 6% Estimated average whole building energy savings for the daylit stores at $0.24/sf for the current design, with a potential for up to $0.66/sf with a state-of-the art design Profit from increased sales associated with daylight is worth at least 19 times more than the energy savings Source: Heschong-Mahone -www.h-m-g.com Daylighting Studies Retail Seattle City Light Sustainability Studies - Bottom Line Retail Sales California study of 108 "big box" stores two thirds had skylighting, one third did not. Skylighting boosted sales by 40 percent. Source: www.ci.seattle.wa.us/light/conserve/sustainability Daylighting Fundamentals Daylighting Fundamentals Source: BD+C-12-7-06-daylight-nature-1.jpg Daylighting Fundamentals Weidt Group - Iowa DNR Sustainable Design Initiative What is Daylight ? Skylight Light reflected by atmosphere (clear blue sky) or diffused through clouds (overcast sky) Reflected Light Sunlight or skylight reflected from ground, trees, buildings, etc. Sunlight Direct suns rays Too strong to be used directly; must be reflected or diffused Daylight Source We try to harvest light from the sky NOT the sun Source: www.iowadnr.com/energy/sustainable/files/model.pdf Daylighting Fundamentals daylighting.org Source: _ECW-Daylighting-Collaborative-website.jpg Daylighting Fundamentals Source: ECW-nyserda-PPT-25.jpg Daylighting Fundamentals Source: ECW-nyserda-PPT-26.jpg Daylighting Fundamentals Source: ECW-nyserda-PPT-36.jpg Daylighting Resources Source: Daylighting Resources Source: ECW-Cool-Daylighting-Workbook-1-cover.jpg Daylighting Web Resources energydesignresources.com Source: _EDR-website-daylighting.jpg Daylighting Web Resources energydesignresources.com Source: EDR-Energy-Design-Resources-website.jpg Daylighting Web Resources wbdg.org Source: WDDG-Whole-Building-Design-Guide-website.jpg Daylighting Web Resources thedaylightsite.com Source: Daylight-Site-Velux-website.jpg Daylighting Web Resources eere.energy.gov Source: DOE-EERE-website.jpg Daylighting Resources Source: LOF-Daylight-cover-front.jpg Daylighting Resources Source: LOF-Daylight-p-15a.jpg Daylighting Web Resources advancedbuildings.org Source: Advanced-Buildings-Canada-website-1.jpg Daylighting Web Resources windows.lbl.gov Source: _LBL-Windows-Daylighting-website-1.jpg Daylighting Web Resources windows.lbl.gov Source: _LBL-software-website.jpg Daylighting Web Resources gaia.lbl.gov Source: _LBL-IEA-Daylight-Buildings-website.jpg Daylighting Resources Source: Daylighting-Design-Analysis-Robbins-cover-1.jpg Daylighting Strategies Source: Daylighting Strategies Weidt Group - Iowa DNR Sustainable Design Initiative Elements of Integrated Daylighting Daylight Source Building Massing Building Orientation Window size & location Sun shading Glass types Space programming Interior surfaces Lighting design & control Source: www.iowadnr.com/energy/sustainable/files/model.pdf Daylighting Examples Sidelighting Windows Source: Columbus-IN-St-Bartholemew-Church-1.JPG Daylighting Examples Sidelighting Baffled Windows Source: Columbus-IN-St-Peters-Lutheran-Church-1.JPG Daylighting Examples Sidelighting Prismatic Transom Glazing Source: Lincoln-NE-retail-transom-glass-1.JPG Daylighting Strategies Sidelighting Slopelighting Toplighting Source: Solar-Architecture-Direct-Gain-Johnson-daylighting-1a.jpg Daylighting Best Practices Source: ED+C-7-00-Lightforms-Daylight-Diagram-1a.jpg Daylighting Best Practices Source: Canada-Daylighting-Guide-building-form-1.jpg Daylighting Best Practices Source: LBL-Daylighting-Guide-planning-text-1.jpg Daylighting Best Practices Source: LBL-Daylighting-Guide-planning-text-2.jpg Daylighting Best Practices Source: LBL-Daylighting-Guide-planning-text-3.jpg Daylighting Best Practices Source: LBL-Daylighting-Guide-checklist-text-4.jpg Daylighting Best Practices Source: LBL-Daylighting-Guide-planning-integration-1.jpg Daylighting Best Practices Source: LBL-Daylighting-Guide-planning-integration-2.jpg Daylighting Best Practices Source: LBL-Daylighting-Guide-planning-integration-3.jpg Daylighting Strategies Process Orientation Source: Window-System-High-Performance-Bldgs-Carmody-Selkowitz-Design-Process-1a.jpg Daylighting Strategies Process Control Source: Window-System-High-Performance-Bldgs-Carmody-Selkowitz-Design-Process-1b.jpg Daylighting ...

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Re-Arch: The Initiative for Renewable Energy in ArchitectureBest Practices in Daylighting & Passive Systems for Smaller Commercial BuildingsProject Team:University of Minnesota College of Design (CDes) Midwest Renewable Energy Society (MRES) Cent

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AIA - In The Mix Solar Domestic Hot Bob Ramlow Midwest Renewable Energy Association Cofounder, BOD member, Workshop instructor Wisconsin Focus on Energy Solar Thermal Technical Lead Artha Sustainable Living Center artha@wi-net.comSolar Water H

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internet2.edu www.internet2.edu abilene.internet2.edu apps.internet2.edu arena.internet2.edu arts.internet2.edu cbm.internet2edu commons.internet2.edu corporate.internet2.edu detective.internet2.edu docs.internet2.edu dsi.internet2.edu dv.internet2.e

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#!/usr/bin/perl # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # arc_extractor.pl This script indexes ARC files and can optionally extract individual files them. The index is created as a tab-delimited text file. NOTE: This script will NOT decompress ARC file

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Minnesota - WIKI - 2

#!/usr/bin/perl # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # arc_optimizer.pl This script optimizes ARC files by eliminating unchanged content from multiple crawls of the same URI. The weeded results are stored as ARCO files (ARC-Optimized) which

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#!/usr/bin/perl # # # # # # # # # # # # # arco_sql.pl This script takes the index files generated by arco_indexer.pl and creates sql command files so that you can easily insert them into a MySQL database. You will have to modify this script if your t

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Adaptive Filtering with AveragingG. YinyAdaptive ltering algorithms are considered in this work. The main e ort is devoted to improve the performance of such algorithms. Two classes of algorithms are given. The rst one uses averaging in the appr

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Large deviations for quadratic functionals of Gaussian processesWlodzimierz Bryc Department of Mathematics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH 45 221 bryc@uc.edu Amir Demboy Department of Mathematics and Department of Statistics Stanford Univers

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3D Anisotropic Grid Generation with Intersection-Based Geometry InterfaceIlja Schmelzer IAAS, Mohrenstr. 39 D-10117 Berlin November 29, 1993In this paper we present a new interface for geometry description. This interface is based on four intersec

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THE BLOW-UP PROBLEM FOR EXPONENTIAL NONLINEARITIESSATYANAD KICHENASSAMYSchool of Mathematics University of Minnesota 127 Vincent Hall 206 Church Street S. E. Minneapolis, MN 55455-0487exists a blow-up surface, near which the solution has logarit

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1339.ps

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A DIFFERENTIAL RICCATI EQUATION FOR THE ACTIVE CONTROL OF A PROBLEM IN STRUCTURAL ACOUSTICSGEORGE AVALOS INSTITUTE FOR MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455{0436. IRENA LASIECKA DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MATHEM

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ELLs with Disabilities Report 12ELL Parent Perceptions on Instructional Strategies for their Children with DisabilitiesNATIONAL CENTER ON E D U C AT I O N A L OUTCOMES In collaboration with:Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) National

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ELLs with Disabilities Report 10Beyond Subgroup Reporting: English Language Learners with Disabilities in 2002-2003 Online State Assessment ReportsNATIONAL CENTER ON E D U C AT I O N A L OUTCOMES In collaboration with:Council of Chief State Scho

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Minnesota - CEHD - 9

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