Course Hero

Register now to access 7 million high quality study materials (What's Course Hero?) Course Hero is the premier provider of high quality online educational resources. With millions of study documents, online tutors, digital flashcards and free courseware, Course Hero is helping students learn more efficiently and effectively. Whether you're interested in exploring new subjects or mastering key topics for your next exam, Course Hero has the tools you need to achieve your goals.

12 Pages

Memory

Course: PSY 2301, Spring 2008
School: UT Dallas
Rating:
 
 
 
 
 

Word Count: 1060

Document Preview

use The of past experience & learning in the present. How long can it be? Memory for high-school classmates and college classes How good and bad can it be? Memory for 2000 pictures versus the U.S. penny Memory The dual-store model (p. 236) Using phono logical rehearsal Which is the actual U. S. penny? Acquisition of new memories A low-capacity short-term (working) memory holding 7+2 chunks A...

Register Now
Search

Unformatted Document Excerpt

Coursehero >> Texas >> UT Dallas >> PSY 2301

Course Hero has millions of student submitted documents similar to the one
below including study guides, practice problems, reference materials, practice exams, textbook help and tutor support.

Course Hero has millions of student submitted documents similar to the one below including study guides, practice problems, reference materials, practice exams, textbook help and tutor support.
use The of past experience & learning in the present. How long can it be? Memory for high-school classmates and college classes How good and bad can it be? Memory for 2000 pictures versus the U.S. penny Memory The dual-store model (p. 236) Using phono logical rehearsal Which is the actual U. S. penny? Acquisition of new memories A low-capacity short-term (working) memory holding 7+2 chunks A high-capacity long-term memory But limited short-term/lo ng-term "transfer" The Atkinson & Shiffrin model Evidence for the dual-store view The Brown/Peterson task: Will you forget three letters in 20 seconds? Effects of chunking Evidence for phonological coding The recency effect in recall tests (p. 255) PCM TVI BMU SA PC MTV IBM USA Phonological Encoding in Working Memory Phonological errors Phonological similarity effects HQBFMZJPRF BZTCGPDVZP The recency effect (pp. 236-7) And double dissociations Effects of post-list distraction and presentation rate The relation of rehearsal to recall (Rundus) Limitations of the dual-store model Effects of short-term memory deficits Craik & Watkins: Maintenance rehearsal produces very low memory Craik & Lockhart: Attention to meaning produces very high memory Is this word in capital letters? ant Does this word rhyme with dough? SNOW Is this word in capital letters? WAGON Is this word a vehicle? PLIERS Is this word a mammal? hamster Is this word in little letters? balloon Does this word rhyme with furl? SQUIRREL Is this word in little letters? bathroom Is this word a tool? Rake Does this word rhyme with french? WRENCH Is this word in capital letters? RASBERRY Is this word a part of a house? hall Does this word rhyme with crash? mouse Is this word a weather phenomenon? dew Is this word in capital letters? OKRA Is this word a profession? WRITER Does this word rhyme with snail? HAIL Does this word rhyme with snear? deer Is this word in little letters? mango Does this word rhyme with worse? nurse Is this word a tree? lemon Is this word in little letters? stool Is this word a vegetable? SQUASH Does this word rhyme with flock? BLOCK Count backward by 3's from 294 Now, recall as many words as you can! Semantic Words Rake Pliers Squash hall dew writer hamster lemon Rhyme Words snow hail deer wrench nurse squirrel mouse block Case words ant wagon okra stool balloon mango bathroom rasberry The Depth of Processing Effect Semantic > Rhyme > Case Comprehension effects (the Bransford and Johnson experiment, p. 241) Why does deep processing work? It is not just that meaning is better retained Exceptions to depth of processing effects Connectedness (elaboration), p. 242 Distinctiveness The case of imagery The method of loci Relational encoding (p. 244) Another development: Baddeley's Working Memory Model Are there extended processes of encoding? The consolidation hypothesis Can consolidation take years? Retrograde amnesia Retrieval of memories Tulving's encoding specificity principle: How information is best retrieved . . . . Depends on how it was originally encoded . . . . and vice versa Context-dependent memory (p. 247) The lifted/tuned piano experiment (p. 247) Recognition failure of recallable words: Study these pairs for paired-associates recall head-light stomach-ache face-cream crash-test train-black hang-nail nylon-hose electric-chair music-note paperback celebrity-ball trumpet-mute grass-blade cross-hair chairman-board shot-needle road-fork traffic-jam microphone-bug drag-net shoe-horn side-burn fire-sack congress-house Look at the right-hand member of each pair: Which ones do you recognize? fish-net ice-cream pop-test basket-ball white-black hammer-nail doll-house easy-chair foot-note deaf-mute knife-blade blonde-hair wood-board sewing-needle beerlight pain-back rasberry-jam insect-bug garden-hose French-horn heart-ache fire-burn grocery-sack spoon-fork Now recall the right-hand member of each original study pair . . . head______ stomach_______ face_____ crash_____ train______ hang_____ nylon_____ electric______ music_____ paper_____ celebrity_____ trumpet____ grass_____ cross_____ chairman_____ shot_______ road_____ traffic_____ microphone_____ drag_____ shoe_____ side_____ fire_____ congress______ Why does memory fail? Inadequate encoding Neuroimaging evidence (p. 240) Forgetting The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve (p. 249) Retroactive and proactive interference Inadequate retrieval cues Blocking: The tip-of-the-tongue state Schacter's seven sins of memory Transience: The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve and reconstruction: Bartlett's "War of the Ghosts" Absent-mindedness: Attention and automaticity Blocking: It's on the tip of my tongue . . . Misattribution: Repeating jokes & "transference" Suggestibility: Effects of leading questions. Bias: What were your high school grades? Persistence: That tune in my head; and PTSD False memory The misinformation effect (p. 252) Overwriting or source confusion? Familiarity without recollection (p. 255) False positive ids in the lineup task Knowledge-based confusions Gerald Martin strove to undermine the existing government to satisfy his political ambitions. Many of the people of his country supported his efforts. Current political problems made it relatively easy for Martin to take over. Certain groups remained to the old government and caused Martin trouble. He confronted these groups directly and so silenced them. He became a ruthless, uncontrollable dictator. The ultimate effect of his rule was the downfall of his country. Sulin & Dooling (1974) The Deese/Roediger/McDermott effect Read these words: candy, sour, sugar, bitter, good, taste, tooth, nice, honey, soda, Chocolate, heart, cake, eat, pie Did you see "taste?" Did you see "sweet?" Explaining the DRM effect Can memory be improved (after acquisition)? The problem of eyewitness testimony The cognitive interview Hypnosis (but watch out for false memory) Holistic processing in memory for faces Not all memory is conscious: Implicit Memory (p. 259) Recall or recognition of information without conscious awareness Some types of procedural (skill) memory: Knowing how (procedural memory) without Knowing that (declarative memory). Some forms of conditioning Priming: What words fit these fragments? _an_na . . . . . .aa_dv__k . . . . .m_n_e_ . . . Dissociations of Explicit from Implicit Memory Anterograde amnesia (p. 262) Aging Effects of elaborative rehearsal The lesson: Explicit memory and implicit memory reflect separate brain systems How many different types of explicit and implicit memory? Episodic vs semantic (generic) memory (p. 259) Examples of semantic memory tasks: vocabulary, "common" knowledge," things you should have learned in school had you been attending. Case KC: The man with no memory for his personal past Mental time travel Emotions and Memory Flashbulb memories A special kind of memory? Or just normal memory with a "boost" from the amygdala? Memory for traumatic events The question of recovery of previously lost memories Brain stuctures involved in the various types of Memory Memory is a property of distributed brain systems The hippocampus (& related structures): Explicit memory The amygdala: Emotional memory The cerebellum (& basal ganglia): Condit ioning and sensori-motor skill Frontal & parietal cortex: Working memory Temporal cortex and priming Study Strategies and mnemonics Manage your time Control your attention Understand: Monitor your comprehensio n Ask yourself quest ions Take good notes When you must memorize, use mnemo nics Distribute your study Remember organizat ion, imagery & distinctiveness
Find millions of documents on Course Hero - Study Guides, Lecture Notes, Reference Materials, Practice Exams and more. Course Hero has millions of course specific materials providing students with the best way to expand their education.

Below is a small sample set of documents:

UT Dallas - PSY - 2301
Perception: Historical approaches to perception: Classical, process-model, and neuroscience The classical approach: A concern with phenomena demonstrating the active nature of perception And the perception of distance and movementPerceptual Ph
UT Dallas - PSY - 2301
Sensation vs. Perception: Detecting vs. interpreting messages from receptors The empiricist view: Perception involves supplementing sensory input with associations The nativist view: Perception involves the mind organizing sensory input based on p
UT Dallas - PSY - 2301
What is it? (p. 523-524)Intelligence The abilit y to, reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend co mplex ideas, learn quickly and learn fro m experience But not merely "book learning" or "test-taking smarts" And it can vary ac
North Texas - ENGL - 1310
GreetingLine Dr. Kendra ENGL 1313 7 Dec. 2007Carmichael 1Review of DominoIf you are looking to see your everyday action packed blockbuster thriller, Domino is not for you. The Director of Domino, Tony Scott, took a different approach when it ca
North Texas - ENGL - 1310
Jeff Carmichael ENGL 1320.048 Wednesday, March 12, 2008Murder Due To GreedHamlet is tragic play written by William Shakespeare sometime between the 16 th and 17th century. Hamlet could be considered very perplexing due to the "Old English" that w
LA Tech - SOCI - 201
09656_07_ch7_p192_225.qxd11/17/062:30 PMPage 192CHAPTER 7Class and Stratification in the United StatesWhat Is Social Stratification? Systems of Stratification Slavery The Caste System The Class System Classical Perspectives on Social Class
South Carolina - ENGL - 102
Analysis of Dudley Randall's "The Ballad of Birmingham" Racial tension soared throughout the 1960's. White supremacist groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, prevailed. Racial discrimination was a common theme among society. Dudley Randall's, "The Ballad
South Carolina - ANTH - 212
Mullikin 1 ,Thanksgiving, After All, Is a Word of Action - W.J. Cameron As I sat around the table over Thanksgiving break, I was swept up in thought about what Thanksgiving really meant. Was it really about preparing an overabundance of caloric dishe
South Carolina - HIST - 101
While this topic is highly debatable and some intellectuals go as far to label the revolutions as complete failures, many socioeconomic groups did reap the benefits of the revolutions of 1848. Arguably, the group which benefited the most from the rev
South Carolina - ENGL - 101
Underage Drinking. Is It Really An Issue? There is a common theme among teenage attitudes across the globe. Mothers gripe about it. Fathers dread it. Teachers roll their eyes at it. Telling a teenager no is almost pressuring them to do so. You can se
South Carolina - GEOG - 330
Geography and Disasters of MadagascarIntroduction For many, Africa brings upon the sense of unknown. Other then the violence and AIDS media coverage associated with Africa, most Americans do not typically think or involve themselves with any countr
South Carolina - EURO - 300
Historical Ties of Anti-Semitism within Medieval Germanic Culture Anti-Semitism is far from a new concept; its presence has tarnished and shaped history, from the beginning of the Jewish faith, up until contemporary times. Germanic culture has parall
South Carolina - ENVR - 200
"Red Wolves" The complexity of the world's populations can never be truly understood and comprehended. The exceptional nature and detail of each organism in itself is beyond human grasp. However, a smart human being will continue to marvel at each di
South Carolina - EURO - 300
Darfur: Can We Rely On Europe? Genocide is a concept that has plagued Europe's history. With an undeniably loaded connotation, the term was originally coined by Raphael Lemkin, and was based primarily upon the atrocities of the Armenian genocide and
South Carolina - ENGL - 102
Condoleezza Rice successfully established herself as a significant political figure during George W. Bushs first term. Hilary Rodham Clinton drastically altered the stereotype of a pampered First Lady by becoming the Senator for, arguably, one of the
UNO - CIVE - 361
Signalized Intersection Capacity and Level of Service Analysis CIVE 361 Introduction to Transportation Engineering Due: April 25, 2008 James Osborn Lab #1011.0 2.0 3.0 4.0Table of Contents Executive Summary..3 Introduction..3 Methadology.3 Appe
Tennessee - IHRM - 472
International Human Resource ManagementMgmt 472Spring 2008 Dr. Dave Woehr Whatdo we mean by "human resource management"? What Whyis international HRM?do we need "IHRM" Howdoes IHRM differ from HRM?Human Resource Management Involv
Tennessee - IHRM - 472
EEO: The Legal and Regulatory EnvironmentDr. Dave Woehr Professor of Management University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleAgenda Employment Relationships Overview of Employment Law Key Employment-Related Legislation Overview of Judicial Scenarios Pert
Tennessee - IHRM - 472
Recruiting and selecting staff for international assignmentsThe Selection ProcessRecruitmentSelectionSocializationThe Role of Personnel Selection "Hiring good people is one of the most significant contributions a manager can make to an orga
CofC - MUSC - 131
Music Appreciation Chapters 15-1811/1/2006 7:19:00 PMChapter 15: Prelude Music after Beethoven: Romanticism Romanticism o Term adopted from literature o Rule of feeling, unconstrained by convention, religion, or social taboo.individual, as well a
CofC - MUSC - 131
Music Appreciation Chapters 11-1410/11/2006 8:31:00 PMChapter 11: Prelude Music and the Enlightenment Classical Style- location and composers o Italy and Germany, but mostly Vienna, capital of Austria o Franz Joseph Haydn- most recognized princip
CofC - MUSC - 131
Music Appreciation Chapters 5-109/28/2006 11:15:00 AMChapter 5: The Middle Ages 400-1400 Two central principles of later Western music originated around the middle ages: tune and polyphony The Christian Church determined music: composers in hol
CofC - ARCH - 105
9/11/2007 2:24:00 AM Introductory Terminology Vitruvius (firmitas, utilitas, venustas) Tension Compression Plan Elevation Section Faade Prehistoric Post and lintel- formed by vertical and horizontal members Mortise- socket holes carved on the undersi
CofC - THTR - 176
THTR176 Exam 12/24/2008 5:45:00 PMTheatrical Conventions- rules of conduct and understood communication codes that allow us to share a common theatre experience Being ushered to seats and handed a program, talk naturally, lights dim, people grow
CofC - POLS - 221
HealthcareThe debate over the notion to nationalize the healthcare system in the U.S has become one of the most divisive issues on the current political scene. The prevailing argument made by those who advocate this change compare our system to most
CofC - POLS - 221
Healthcare is a human right, not a luxury for only those who can afford it. America prides itself on the ideas of freedom, liberty, and equal rights even though unlike just about every other western nation, the U.S does not provide universal healthca
CofC - POLS - 201
Gun control is one of the most fundamentally divisive issues on today's political agenda. Citizens who are more liberal minded argue that gun control is essential because they believe that there is a correlation between the amount of gun violence and
CofC - POLS - 201
How can people truly be free if that very freedom itself is what allows their lives to be threatened? Ever since the inception of the constitution, American leaders have had to confront the question of whether they would violate the constitution if d
CofC - POLS - 201
Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act Analysis The Medicare Drug Prescription Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 stands as a landmark piece of legislation. When Medicare was added to the Social Security Act in 1965 as an
UNC - ENGL - 102
Meredith Fulton ENGL102 McMahand January 15, 2008A Baby like Me: The Ethics of IVF Genetic Defect Babies In a society where Darwin's idea of survival of the fittest is practiced in all aspects of life, in vitro fertilization (IFV) has made blaring
UNC - BIOL - 101L
Photosynthesis in Spinach Leaves Sec #: 414 TA: Eric Francisco Name: Meredith Fulton Date: January 25, 2008Pledge: This work is solely of my creation. No unauthorized assistance was received in its completion.Signature _Introduction In photosyn
UNC - BIOL - 101L
Meredith Fulton Section 414 March 18, 2008 Mollusc Evolution The chiton, belonging to the class polyplacophora and the squid, belonging to the class cephalopoda, have distinct visible and functional differences that have made them better suited for t
UNC - BIOL - 101L
Introduction Every time apples are cut into slices for picnic lunches, the apples are brownish colored by the time the meal arrives. This is due to the oxidation of catechol which turns into benzoquinone and water. Catecholase, which is naturally fou
UNC - BIOL - 101L
The Effectiveness of SoapMeredith Fulton January 29, 2008 BIOL 101L Section 414 I pledge that no unauthorized assistance has been given or received in the completion of this work. Experiments described were performed by me and/or my lab group and th
Clemson - ECE - 262
Laboratory VI: Measurements on Balanced 3 Phase Circuits (II) Name: LaRhonda Mabry Lab Partners: Cara Singletary Date: Feb. 27, 2008 Objective: The objective of this lab was to find the measurements of line and phase voltages and currents for balance
Clemson - ECE - 262
Laboratory X Bandpass and Bandreject filters Name: LaRhonda Mabry Lab Partners: Cara Singletary Date: April 8, 2008 Objective: To learn the similarities and the differences between inductors and capacitors connected in series and those connected in p
Clemson - ECE - 262
Laboratory XI: Low and High Pass Fiters Name: LaRhonda Mabry Lab Partners: Cara Singletary Date: April 1, 2008 Objective: The objective of this lab was to introduce the concept of filter design, to use filters as examples of the transfer function con
Calvin - IDIS - 110
Calvin - IDIS - 110
Calvin - IDIS - 110
Your Name HereCode DEP DEP 200 DEP 201 ATM 203 FEE DEP 204 DEP ATM 205 206 ATM 207 208 Date 3/30/08 8/21/07 8/22/07 8/23/07 8/25/07 8/26/07 8/27/07 8/27/07 8/30/07 9/1/07 9/4/07 9/5/07 9/5/07 9/6/07 9/8/07 9/8/07 9/9/07 Description Withdrawal Deposi
Calvin - IDIS - 110
101010101010Calvin Calvin Calvin10 1.2 8:00 8:15 8:30 8:45 9:0020 1.4 9:0030 1.6 10:0040 1.8 11:0050 2 12:009/11/2001 9/12/2001 9/18/2001 9/25/2001 10/2/2001 10/9/2001 10/16/20019/13/2001 9/14/2001 9/15/2001Monday January
Colorado - PHIL - 3480
Sub-Argument 1 - Inference indicator =Premise 1:Premise 2:Conclusion:Sub-Argument 2 - Inference indicator = Premise 1:Premise 2:Conclusion:Sub-Argument 3 - Inference indicator = Premise 1:Premise 2:Conclusion:Sub-Argument 4 - Infe
Colorado - PHIL - 3480
Weakness 1: Sub-Argument Number Is the reasoning fallacious? Yes NoOr is an independent premise implausible? If so, which one?Weakness 2: Sub-Argument Number Is the reasoning fallacious? Yes NoOr is an independent premise implausible? If so, wh
ASU - PGS - 101
Chapter 6: Memory Memory . is a system that allows for retention of information, skills, and capacities over time. Processes of memory include. o encoding, o storage, and o retrieval. Memorization example Memory Systems sensory o visual o auditory sh
ASU - PGS - 101
Intro & Chapter 1 What is psychology? Psychology is. - the scientific study of - human Behavior, and - mental processes Affect (feeling/emotion) Cognition (thought) ABC's of psych, Affect- Behavior- Cognition (Some) Approaches Introspection- what are
ASU - PGS - 101
Chapter 8 Human Development Issues in Human Development Nature Nurture Are we products of our Or are we products of genetic history and our environments and biology? experience? Are we born who we are? Or do we learn to be who we are?Give me a doze
ASU - PGS - 101
Chapter 5a: Learning Classical Conditioning Learning is. . a relatively permanent change. .in o behavior, o knowledge, o capability, or o attitude. . acquired through experience. , not attributable to o illness, o injury or o maturation The major lea
ASU - PGS - 101
Chapter 5b: Learning Operant Conditioning & Cognitive Learning What is operant conditioning? Simply put, operant conditioning is a form of learning through consequences. For example. o Does Johnny get dessert if he eats his veggies? o Does Susie lose
ASU - PGS - 101
Chapter 7: Intelligence Intelligence An individuals ability. o . to understand complex ideas, o . to adapt effectively to the environment, o . to learn from experience, o . to engage in various forms of reasoning, and o . to overcome mental obstacles
Metropolitan MO CC - CSIS - 110
Payment HistorySpencer SchroederName Jan John Doe 98.25 Jane Doe 105.23 Joe Doe 89 Judy Doe 58.98 Janice Doe 50.25 Jake Doe 52.86 Total for month54.57 4Feb 78.5 52.9 56.6 66.7 25.9 59 339Mar 45.85 88.56 85.41 88.32 21.58 99.58 429.3Qtr 1 $22
Metropolitan MO CC - CSIS - 110
Spencer SchroederDescriptionCheck #Date DuesIncome Social Donations Activities Misc. Social ActivitiesExpenses Charitable Contributions Office Supplies Misc.Balance BalanceBeginning Balance 1/1/08 Bob Jones dues Refreshments for Jan Mee
Metropolitan MO CC - ENGL - 267
Schroeder 1 Spencer Schroeder Zoe Albright English 267 21 Feb 2008 Diff'rent Strokes, for Diff'rent Folks Modern day America consists of different lifestyles and ways of mean. From medical doctors to accountants, though we live in the same type of so
Metropolitan MO CC - ENGL - 267
Schroeder 1 Spencer Schroeder Zoe Albright English 267 29 Jan 2008 Black Elk Speaks Chapters 1-10 Reading Log Getting started with this story, I was a bit uneasy on how to react. I didn't know much about Indian culture, or much of anything about Ind
Metropolitan MO CC - ENGL - 267
Schroeder 1 Spencer Schroeder Zoe Albright English 267 13 March 2008 The Other Half of Fleur There happens to always be the one person at school or in life who lives to be exactly like someone else. Its almost as if they wish to live life through tha
Rosemont - ENG - 420
Hapsburg demise in 1700 The treaty of Utrecht (1713) Hapsburgssignaled change of approach of the monarchy caused loss of influence and property for Spain. maintained a strong relationship between Church and Crown Continued policies of los reyes cat
Old Dominion - HIST - 104
History April 10, 17, 2008 U.S knows several powers including Japan will use military power (Manchuria) along with Germany (Hitler trying to regain power) and Italy (Mussolini) all fascists. All 3 have treaties with one another 1933 Hitler gains comp
Old Dominion - HIST - 104
History April 10, 17, 2008 U.S knows several powers including Japan will use military power (Manchuria) along with Germany (Hitler trying to regain power) and Italy (Mussolini) all fascists. All 3 have treaties with one another 1933 Hitler gains comp
Old Dominion - COMM - 101
Milhoan1C.J. Milhoan Comm. 101 Prof. Hanke April 20, 2008Power to the People Essay As I outlined in my thesis for my speech the goal of my speech was to inform the crowd about the short comings of the Electoral College and why the American people
Old Dominion - COMM - 101
C.J. Milhoan H.C._ Power to the PeopleSpecific Purpose: To persuade the audience of why the United States Electoral College is a useless process in today's politics. Introduction: Currently in politics regarding the presidential campaign there is a
Old Dominion - COMM - 101
Milhoan1 C.J. Milhoan Prof. Hanke Comm 101 April 10, 2008 Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (Didn't attend due to cash) Jefferson Smith is chosen by Hubert Hopper to replace a deceased senator. Hopper is influenced by his corrupt political boss Jim Taylor
UMass (Amherst) - SOCIOLOGY - 391
Christina Green Written Assignment #2 Substance Use/Abuse Soc.391W Intro to Social WorkAs a senior at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, I have observed alcohol and drug use among my peers and closest friends on a day to day basis for the