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5 Pages

Leek.R-ppt

Course: SWWRC 2005, Fall 2008
School: Washington State
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Word Count: 662

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Under Groundwater the Pacific Northwest November 2-3, 2005 Stevenson, Washington Stream Corridors Heterogeneous Characteristics of Water Movement Through Riverbed Sediments Touchet River, Southeastern WA R. Leek, J.Q. Wu, L. Wang, M.E. Barber, H. Qiu Washington State University T.P. Hanrahan Pacific Northwest National Laboratory The stream corridor as a three-dimensional habitat and dynamic interface between...

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Under Groundwater the Pacific Northwest November 2-3, 2005 Stevenson, Washington Stream Corridors Heterogeneous Characteristics of Water Movement Through Riverbed Sediments Touchet River, Southeastern WA R. Leek, J.Q. Wu, L. Wang, M.E. Barber, H. Qiu Washington State University T.P. Hanrahan Pacific Northwest National Laboratory The stream corridor as a three-dimensional habitat and dynamic interface between surface and ground water 1 2 Temporal and Spatial Perspectives Biological Processes Biogeochemical cycles, Life cycles, Migration patterns C. Dahm et al, 1998 Riparian and Hyporheic Zones 3 C. Dahm et al, 1998 4 Water Movement Through the Hyporheic Zone Headwater Intermediate Flood plain Coastal Flood Plain Interstitial Water Movement Catchment-scale Downwelling Interstitial flow Sediments below surface gravels are less known and typically represented as homogeneous Upwelling Reach-scale gradients Sediment-scale Deep aquifer exchange with interstitial flow 6 Boulton, et al, 1998 USGS Circ 1139 5 1 Groundwater Under the Pacific Northwest November 2-3, 2005 Stevenson, Washington Goal and Objectives Washington Touchet River Study Site Touchet River Study Site er Riv Touchet River Dayton Take a closer look at the water movement through the hyporheic zone to understand interstitial flow as it effects the salmon spawning habitat and egg survival rate, this characterization, we hope will be representative of similar stream and rivers in the Inland Northwest region. Oregon Columbia Ri ver ake Sn Walla Walla Wa lla Wa WA lla Riv er Oregon 7 8 Field Tests: Sample Grid 50 m x 9 m x 1.20 m depth (30, 60, 90, 120 cm) Upper Reach: Field Tests 55 horizontal coordinates per reach 4 depth increments 4 slug tests at each location Total 1,760 slug tests Lower Reach: 9 10 Field Tests: Piezometer Instrumentation Slug Test Procedures Data Logger Equilibrium Monitor Pressurize Installation of Transducer Probe Air Manifold and Exhaust Valve Recovery 11 12 2 Groundwater Under the Pacific Northwest November 2-3, 2005 Stevenson, Washington Field Tests: Monitoring Data Analysis Hydraulic Conductivity (K) (m/d) (Bouwer-Rice Eq.) Field Monitoring Allows: Establishment of equilibrium Storage and recovery of large amount field data Efficient management of data and experimental procedures K= r 2 ln(Re / R) 1 ho ln 2Le t ht Vertical Hydraulic Gradient (VHG) VHG = h L Specific Discharge (v) (m/d) v = K VHG S 167.0 = + 46.3 log (v ) 14 Egg Survival Rate (S) (%) 13 Hydraulic Conductivity K vs Depth of Streambed Results and Discussion 60 50 Hydraulic Conductivity: K (m/d) (Median, 25th, 75th, Min, Max) (525.8) (66.5) K (m/d) 40 30 20 10 0 30 cm 60 cm 90 cm 120 cm Depth (cm) 15 16 Hydraulic Conductivity K 30 cm Depth Vertical Hydraulic Gradient vs Depth of Streambed Vertical Hydraulic Gradient: VHG (Median, 25th, 75th, Min, Max) 0.4 60 cm Depth VHG (unitless m/m) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 (-0.49) (-0.32) 90 cm Depth 120 cm Depth -0.2 30 cm 60 cm Depth (cm) 90 cm 120 cm m/d 17 18 3 Groundwater Under the Pacific Northwest November 2-3, 2005 Stevenson, Washington Vertical Hydraulic Gradient 30 cm Depth Specific Discharge vs Depth of Streambed Specific Discharge (v) (m/d) (Median, 25th, 75th, Min, Max) Sp. Discharge: v (m/d) 60 cm Depth 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 (19.6) (9.5) 90 cm Depth (-93.2) 120 cm Depth (-2.9) (-5.5) 30 cm 60 cm 90 cm 120 cm 20 Depth (cm) m/m 19 Specific Discharge 30 cm depth Predicted Salmon Egg Survival Rate Survival S (%) Areas of high predicted egg survival rate 60 cm Depth Sp. Discharge (m/d) 90 cm Depth VHG 30 cm Depth 120 cm Depth K (m/d) m/d 21 22 Substantial Spatial Variability of Physical Properties in Streambeds Highly differentiated sediment structures and spatial heterogeneity Cause by fine silt, biologically clogged layers Summary and Conclusions Possibly the result of poorly stratified sediments, Shallow...

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