7e Biology, (Campbell)
Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
1) The sporophytes of mosses depend on the gametophytes for water and nutrition. In seed plants, the reverse is true. From which seed plant sporophyte structure(s) do the immature (unfertilized) gametophytes directly gain water and nutrition? A) sporophylls B) embryos C) sporangia D) sporopollenin E) ovary 2) Which of the following is not true concerning the sporophyte or gametophyte generations of flowering plants? A) The flower is composed of gametophyte tissue only. B) The sporophyte generation is dominant. C) The sporophyte generation is what we see when looking at a large plant. D) The gametophyte generation is not photosynthetic. E) The gametophyte generation consists of relatively few cells within the flower. 3) Which of the following is an ongoing trend in the evolution of land plants? A) decrease in the size of the leaf B) reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle C) elimination of sperm cells or sperm nuclei D) increasing reliance on water to bring sperm and egg together E) replacement of roots by rhizoids 4) Seeds commonly provide for each of the following except A) a choice of germination location. B) dispersal. C) dormancy. D) a nutrient supply for the embryo. E) desiccation resistance. 5) Which of the following most closely represents the male gametophyte of seed-bearing plants? A) ovule B) microspore mother cell C) pollen grain D) embryo sac E) fertilized egg 6) Which of these is most important in making the typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions than the typical spore? A) a different type of sporopollenin B) an internal reservoir of liquid water C) integument(s) D) ability to be dispersed E) waxy cuticle 7) Gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant ferns because they A) are woody. B) have macrophylls. C) have pollen.
D) have sporophylls. E) have spores. 8) The main way that pine trees disperse their offspring is by using A) fruits that are eaten by animals. B) spores. C) squirrels to bury cones. D) windblown seeds. E) flagellated sperm swimming through water. 9) Which of the following statements does not describe a portion of the pine life cycle? A) Female gametophytes use meiosis to produce eggs. B) Seeds are produced in ovulate (ovule-bearing) cones. C) Meiosis occurs in sporangia. D) Pollen grains contain male gametophytes. E) A pollen tube enters an ovule through a micropyle in the single integument. 10) Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, what is the correct sequence in which the following should appear during development, assuming that fertilization occurs? 1. sporophyte embryo 2. female gametophyte 3. egg cell 4. megaspore A) 4, 3, 2, 1 B) 4, 2, 3, 1 C) 4, 1, 2, 3 D) 1, 4, 3, 2 E) 1, 4, 2, 3 11) Before pollination occurs, what does an individual flower potentially have that an individual pine cone does not have? A) sporophylls B) both male and female gametophytes C) sporangia D) structures for dispersing seed or pollen grains E) spore mother cells 12) Which trait(s) is (are) shared by modern gymnosperms and angiosperms? 1. pollen transported by wind 2. tracheids 3. microscopic gametophytes 4. sterile sporophylls, modified to attract pollinators 5. endosperm A) 1 B) 1 and 3 C) 1, 2, and 3 D) 1, 3, and 5 E) 2, 4, and 5 13) Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms? A) male strobilus B) carpel C) ovule D) ovary E) anthers
14) What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, and pine cone scales? A) They are female reproductive parts. B) None are capable of photosynthesis. C) They are modified leaves. D) They are found on flowers. E) They are found on angiosperms. 15) Reptilian embryos are protected from desiccation by a leathery shell. Similarly, sporophytes of both gymnosperms and angiosperms protect embryos within ________, and they also protect male gametophytes against desiccation using ________. A) ovules; waxy cuticle B) ovaries; filaments C) fruits; stamens D) pollen grains; waxy cuticle E) integuments; sporopollenin 16) All of the following are characteristic of angiosperms except A) coevolution with animal pollinators. B) double fertilization. internal C) free-living gametophytes. D) styles and stigmas. E) fruit. 17) Which of the following statements is not true of monocots? A) They have flower parts in fours or fives or multiples of four or five. B) The veins of their leaves are parallel to each other. C) They, along with the eudicots and basal angiosperms, are currently placed in the phylum Anthophyta. D) They possess a single cotyledon. E) All of the statements are true. 18) Carpels and stamens are A) sporophyte plants in their own right. B) gametophyte plants in their own right. C) gametes. D) spores. E) modified sporophylls. 19) How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms? A) by nourishing the plants that make them B) by facilitating dispersal of seeds C) by attracting insects to the pollen inside D) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat E) by producing triploid cells via double fertilization 20) In flowering plants, meiosis occurs specifically in the A) spore mother cells. B) gametophytes. C) endosperm. D) gametes. E) embryos.
21) Double fertilization means that angiosperms A) are the only plants that can produce dizygotic twins. B) have embryos that are triploid. C) have two sperm nuclei, both of which unite with nuclei of the female gametophyte. D) have two sperm nuclei, which simultaneously fertilize the single egg. E) produce twice as many embryos per fertilization event as do gymnosperms. 22) Hypothetically, one of the major benefits of double fertilization in angiosperms is to A) decrease the potential for mutation by insulating the embryo with other cells. B) increase the number of fertilization events and offspring produced. C) promote diversity in flower shape and color. D) coordinate developmental timing between the embryo and its food stores. E) emphasize embryonic survival by increasing embryo size. 23) Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed? A) ovule B) ovary C) fruit D) style E) stamen 24) Which of the following flower parts develops into a fruit? A) stigma B) style C) ovule D) ovary E) receptacle 25) All of the following are found in angiosperms except A) tracheids. B) triploid endosperm tissues. C) fruits. D) flagellated sperm. E) carpels. 26) Which feature of honeybees probably arose under the mutual evolutionary influence of flowering plants that are not wind pollinated? A) possessing three pairs of legs B) possessing a metabolism whose rate is influenced by environmental temperature C) possessing an exoskeleton made of chitin D) possessing an abdomen that is densely covered with short bristles E) possessing an ovipositor modified as a non-reusable stinger 27) What is the greatest threat to plant diversity? A) insects B) grazing and browsing by animals C) pathogenic fungi D) competition with other plants E) human population growth 28) Which of the following is not a valid argument for preserving tropical forests? A) People in the tropics do not need to increase agricultural output. B) Many organisms are becoming extinct. C) Plants that are possible sources of medicines are being lost. D) Plants that could be developed into new crops are being lost.
E) Clearing land for agriculture results in soil destruction. 29) In pine trees, pollen grains get to the ovule via the A) micropyle. B) eggs. C) megaspore. D) pollen cone. E) integument. 30) In pine trees, microsporangia form ________ microspores by ________. A) triploid; fertilization B) diploid; mitosis C) diploid; meiosis D) haploid; mitosis E) haploid; meiosis 31) In flowering plants the integuments of the ovule develop into a(n) A) endosperm. B) cotyledon. C) fruit. D) sporophyte. E) seed coat. 32) A stamen consists of a(n) A) anther and filament. B) stigma and style. C) stigma and anther. D) stigma and filament. E) ovary and sepal. 33) A fruit is most commonly A) a mature ovary. B) a thickened style. C) an enlarged ovule. D) a modified root. E) a mature female gametophyte. 34) Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants? A) alternation of generations B) ovules C) integuments D) pollen E) dependent gametophytes