SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

Mixed doublesRoberto Suro American Demographics; Nov 1999; 21, 11; ABI/INFORM Global pg. 56Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. F

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

Double lives on the down lowBenoit Denizet-Lewis New York Times Magazine; Aug 3, 2003; National Newspapers (27) pg. 28Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.Reproduced with permissio

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

May 16, 1999: New York TimesAt Ivy Club, A Trip Back to ElitismBy MONIQUE P. YAZIGISHOULD the members of the Ivy Club ever face the withering scrutiny of a Fifth Avenue co-op board or a Fairfield County country club, they will be well prepared. T

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

Volume 53, Number 15 October 5, 2006Islam in EuropeBy Timothy Garton AshMurder in Amsterdam: The Death of Theo Van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance by Ian BurumaPenguin, 278 pp., $24.95The Caged Virgin: An Emancipation Proclamation for Women

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

The New York Times: May 19, 2005 Up From the Holler: Living in Two Worlds, At Home in Neither By TAMAR LEWIN Della Mae Justice stands before the jury in the Pike County Courthouse, arguing that her client's land in Greasy Creek Hollow was illegally g

SUNY Farmingdale - SOC - 135

Delaware - CHEM - 331

Nick Suraci Professor Kramer Section 20L Experiment 30 | Titration of Acids and Bases Purpose: o Examine concentrations-volume relationships o Prepare and standardize a standard base solution o Use the standard base to determine the concentration of

Delaware - SOCI - 301

Feb 15, 2008 Chapter 1 Science, society, and criminological research Process of doing research; conducting research Talk about why we do social science research? o Better understand experiences of others o Try to help live in a diverse society o Lear

Delaware - SOCI - 301

Feb 18, 2008 Avoids errors in reasoning through use of good research methods I o Reduce likelihood of overgeneralization, when we conclude that what we have observed to be true for some cases is true for all cases o Ex. Study a wide range of school

Delaware - SOCI - 301

Feb 20, 2008 The process of doing social science research o Writing research questions o Questions about some aspect of society that you seek to answer by collection and analysis of data Many possible sources Theory Prior research Researchers obs

Delaware - SOCI - 301

Feb 25, 2008 Hypothesis o To use deductive reasoning, first state a hypothesis that is derived from propositions presented in a theory o A statement about what you expect your data to show, based on the theory you are testing o We use variable to tes

Delaware - SOCI - 301

Feb 27, 2008 Qualitative research Three major designs o Participant observation Develop sustained relationship with people while they go about their normal activities o Intensive interviewing Open-ended, relativity unstructured questions Intervie

Delaware - SOCI - 301

Feb 29, 2008 Basic steps in field research o Entering the field o Developing and Maintaining relationships o Sampling people and events o Collecting data Entering the field o Read about the setting o Think about how to dress, how to conduct yoursel

Delaware - SOCI - 301

March 3, 2008 Qualitative compared to quantitative data analysis Qualitative Quantitative Focus on meanings Focus on quantifying social phenomena Collection of many data on a few cases Collection of few data on many cases Study in-depth and in detai

Delaware - SOCI - 301

March 5, 2008 Conceptualization and measurement Concepts o Concept a mental image that summarizes a set of similar observations, feelings, or ides o Conceptualization the process of specifying what we mean by a term; defining it This is not split

Delaware - SOCI - 301

March 7, 2008 From Operationalization to Levels of Measurement This is important when we start doing statistics! Four levels of measurement o Nominal: no mathematical interpretation or order (e.g. gender, religion, race/ethnicity) o Ordinal : a mat

Delaware - SOCI - 301

March 12, 2008 Sampling, causation and study design Population and sample o Population the entire set of elements (individuals or other entities) o Sample a subset of elements form the population Sampling overview o Two general types of sampling

Delaware - SOCI - 301

March 14, 2008 Random sampling error o Sampling error or bias: the difference between the sample value and the true population value: Random: due solely to chance Systematics o Statisticians estimate the probability that a sampling result is repre

Delaware - SOCI - 301

March 17, 2008 Research design and Causality o Experiments True(classical) the gold standard for testing causal hypothesis Quasi-experiments o Non-experimental designs Cross-sectional Longitudinal True (classical) experiments o Random assignme

Delaware - SOCI - 301

March 19, 2008 Survey Research What is survey research? o Subjects fill out surveys o Advantages: Collect data from many people Collect data from many social settings, on different topics Most popular form of social research o Versatility Can en

Delaware - SOCI - 301

March 21, 2008 Understanding Data Distributions First things first o When you are ready to conduct a statistical analysis the first thing you should do is carefully examine your data o This should occur before any statistical analyses o Data examina

Delaware - SOCI - 301

March 24, 2008 Central Tendency and Dispersion Summary measures o In addition to graphs and tables, we need summary statistics o Central tendency tells us the most typical or common score: Mean, median, mode o Dispersion tells us about differences

Delaware - SOCI - 301

March 26, 2008 Dispersion: variance o A more exact statistic would tell us something about each case, not just the difference between 2 cases o We could ass up the distance between each point and the mean, but that would be zero: sigma(x sub I x (w

Delaware - SOCI - 301

April 7, 2008 Probability and distributions Probability o The likelihood of something happening; the number of times an event can occur divided by the times is does o The likelihood something will occur o Probability = 13/52 = .25 <- the probability

Delaware - SOCI - 301

April 9, 2008 Probability distributions Standard scores o Tell us how far from the mean, in standard deviations, each case is o Negatives are below the mean o Postitives are above the mean If Z=0, the score equals the mean If Z=1, the score equals

Delaware - SOCI - 301

April 11, 2008 Introduction to inferential statistics April 11-16 o I. Alpha: the critical region of a probability distribution o II. Confidence intervals o III. The t-distribution o IV. Testing a hypothesis about a single population mean I. Alpha:

Delaware - SOCI - 301

April 14, 2008 Cont. from April 11 Intro to Inferential statistics: April 11-16 The t-distribution o The Z distribution used above assumes a large sample (N>100) o If the sample is smaller, we will have a larger standard error and less precision in

Delaware - SOCI - 301

April 16, 2008 Introduction to inferential statistics IV. Testing about a population mean o We can test whether our sample mean is significantly different than a known population mean o Examples: Are college graduates salaries different than the ov

Delaware - SOCI - 301

April 18, 2008 IV. Steps for significance test o Write H0 and H1 o Select an alpha level, and find z critical or t critical o Calculate t or z; compare to the critical value of z or t o Decide to reject the null hypothesis or not, and interpret Sign

Delaware - SOCI - 301

April 21, 2008 Significance testing for two population means (independent sample means) Example 1 = male 2 = female table E3 -> t critical = +/- 2.000 t obtained (calc) = ( 1 - 2 )/ ( (s12 / n1 -1) + (s22 / n2 -1) 1= 5.7 arrests s12 = 2.5 variance n

Delaware - SOCI - 301

April 25, 2008 Testing Hypothesis with multiple group means (ANOVA) Why analysis of variance (ANOVA)? o To compare means across more than 2 groups We have a continuous (interval or ratio level) dependent variable, and more than 2 groups Exactly li

Delaware - SOCI - 301

May 2, 2008 Testing Hypothesis with categorical Data CHI-Square Categorical data o Our data are in categories: either nominal or ordinal, e.g.: Race and educational level Gender and approval of a political candidate o We cant compute means and com

Delaware - SOCI - 301

May 5, 2008 Performing Chi-square tests o If the observed and expected tables are similar, Chi-square will be small; if they are very different, Chi-square will be large o If 2 calculated > 2 critical, reject H0 Example White African American Suspe

Delaware - SOCI - 301

May 7, 2008 Bivariate correlation and regression Introduction o We have two variables that are continuous: interval or ration level o One is an independent variable (X); one is a dependent variable (Y) Scatter plot 1: positive correlation / positiv

Delaware - SOCI - 301

May 9, 2008 Bivariate correlation and regression Correlation o A measure of the strength of the relationship between X and Y o It varies from -1 (a perfect negative relationship) to 1 (a perfect positive relationship) o It tells us how closely to ou

Delaware - SOCI - 301

May 12, 2008 Regression and Correlation Adding an error term o Our prediction helps, but is far from perfect there is always error involved o A different version of the same equation is: y=a+bx+e o This acknowledges the error involved Comparing b

Delaware - SOCI - 301

May 14, 2008 Multiple regression Review: Causation o Three general conditions Empirical association Time order Non-spuriousness o The third, non-spuriousness, is important This is why we statistically control for that third factor Controlling f

Delaware - SOCI - 301

May 16, 2008 Multiple Regression Controlling for a third variable o We compare only similar groups o We remove the influence of a second independent variable o We can control for several variables at the same time Multiple regression equation o The

Delaware - CRJU - 203

Feb 13, 2008 Department of corrections should be called Department of Criminal Punishment

Delaware - CRJU - 203

Feb 15, 2008 It is often said prisons are criminogenic meaning they create more criminal tendencies rather than rehabilitate. Prison sometimes turns nonviolent/non-felonious criminals into violent/felonious ones 5 big questions: o Why do we punish?

Delaware - CRJU - 203

Feb 18, 2008 Even though Phillys Quakers, created a prison reform society in 1780s, created idea that we should move away from old ways of reforming criminals thus born penitentiaries. First penn. was walnut street jail in Philly, philosophy to refo

Delaware - CRJU - 203

Feb 20, 2008 3 key enlightenment era figures who affected Quakers and penitentiary movement in US o John Howard o New ideas of prisons o Englishman greatest prison reformer o Concerned with terrible conditions and non-reform in prisons o Visited all

Delaware - CRJU - 203

Feb 22, 2008 o o o o Father fights for south Shot down by evil sergeant Son vows revenge Mother laments her son, locked up in notorious Point Lookout Prison in Marylando PA - total silence + isolation o If prisoner violates rule; prisoner get bread

Delaware - CRJU - 203

Feb 25, 2008 o The reformatory Elmira reformatory o The Big House western -> Hassine chp 25 o Southern slave plantation farms -> Angola, LA; o Parchman Farm, Mississippi fits into this category in 1974 Supreme court said it violated the 8th amen

Delaware - CRJU - 203

Feb 27, 2008 Stateville Pimpin aint dead A classic Big House Main reason big house began to lose steam the era of many big houses is over ending mid 1960s advent of professional correctional management; wardens should be people with college degre

Delaware - CRJU - 203

Feb 29, 2008 Corporal punishment o Punishment (defined) general sense; the deliberate infliction of suffering; key word is deliberate or intentional o Often suffer tremendously at the hands of those who try to do good for us o Talking about punishme

Delaware - CRJU - 203

March 3, 2008 A prisoner gets taste of Black Betty at Parchman Farm Cool hand Luke captain says he treats them the way he does for their own good, a guise o Well intentioned people do the most damage to liberty Punishments imposed in American Coloni

Delaware - CRJU - 203

March 5, 2008 Corporal punishment lawsuits o Talley v. Stephens (Federal District Court in Ark 1965) o Federal judge, caught in the middle, refused to order end to the use of the strap in Arkansas prisons, instead he ruled it should be administered a

Delaware - CRJU - 203

March 7, 2008 Jim White, handcuffed to a fence in Mississippi Hope v. Pelzer (2002) o In 68 8th circuit in jackson v. bishop, the use of the strap violates 8th amendment; other courts followed suit; Mississippi dept of corrections abolished use of bl

Delaware - CRJU - 203

March 10, 2008 Exam on Friday March 21st For next time read: chp 7 Haas One self report study said 91% of men said they did something for which they could have been in prison US supreme court made it 100% that corporal punishment is forbidden in all

Delaware - CRJU - 203

March 12, 2008 Hassine buys argument 100% that staff doesnt want to heal race relations because that would make it harder for them to control prison Use of force (by staff against inmates) Inevitable o Whitley v. Albers (1986) o Not just ordinary day

Delaware - CRJU - 203

March 14, 2008 Last two assignments: Hassine Chp 17; Hass chp 17, 29 Stuff assigned for classes past maybe on exam: o Hassine -1, 7, 13, 17, 24, 25, 26 o Haas 3, 4, 5, p25-33, 7, 29, 12 big house/state raised convict, p 282-284, chp17 World of ins

Delaware - CRJU - 203

March 17, 2008 Many minor offenders had been mentally ill people in the middle ages. Continues today with homeless, some veterans. After the test reading: for next Monday Chapter 2 &3 Hassine; look for inmates dilemma Farmer v. Brennan o The only tim

Delaware - CRJU - 203

March 19, 2008 Farmer v. Brennan (1994) o (plaintiff) D. Farmer v. Brennan o First time Supreme Court tried to define deliberate indifference o D Farmer is a transsexual who before prison had gone half-way through the process Transsexuals in grave d