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Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. ViaLecture 2Fall 2008Behavioral Ecology: Learning and Communication What is Behavioral Ecology? how do organisms use behavior to modify their environment?how does behavior influence interactions among organisms? Causes of Behavio
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaBehavioral Ecology: Communication and Migration Visual Communication Active - movement Passive - color or structure only Some displays are both active and passive Passive visual communication coloration warning, eyespots struct
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. ViaLevels in EcologyOutline #4Population GrowthFall 2008Individual organismsPhysiological ecologyPopulations of interacting individuals Population ecology Communities of interacting species- Community ecologySystems of commu
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaWorld Population Growth Density-dependent growth (continued)Outline 5Fall 2008, p.1N follows a sigmoid shape- asymptote at N = K N = rmax (K-N) *NKN =ractual *Nif (b-d) depends on density, then births and deaths sho
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaOutline 6Species interactionsFall, 2008 p. 1Observation: We are not (usually) overrun with any given species, even though all species have the potential for exponential growthFundamental issue What can regulate populat
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI106 Dr. Sara ViaOutline 8Parasite Ecology and EvolutionFall 2008 p.1What is parasitism? Like other forms of consumption, parasitism is a +/- interaction Parasite benefits at hosts expense Unlike predation, parasite doesnt kill host Parasit
Maryland - BSCI - 106
Community Ecology and Succession What is a community?An association of interacting populationsGroup of species found in a particular area or habitatCommunities described in two ways1) Species Richness How many species are in the community?Wh
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaFrom Communities to EcosystemsFall 2008 p.1 Ecosystems: formed by linking multiple communities and their physical environment Ecosystem properties control energy flow and cycling of nutrients and water Cant be understood
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaHuman Impacts on EcosystemsWeve discussed how humans alter nutrient cycles * N cycle: synthetic fertilizer, NO and NO2 from combustion of fuel * P cycle: fertilizer and detergents * C cycle: CO2 from combustion acid rain: com
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaOutline 19Genes in PopulationsFall, 2008 p. 1Individuals vs. Populations Individuals have maximum of two alleles Allelic probabilities in gametes are _Population contains alleles of all the individuals Populatio
Maryland - BSCI - 106
y Status Score Completed 7 out of 10 pointsTime Elapsed 0 hours, 14 minutes, and 35 seconds out of 0 hours and 15 minutes allowed. Instructions You have 15 minutes to complete the quiz. The timer begins when you open the quiz.NOTE: If you log out
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaOutline 9Fall 2008 p. 1Species interactions IV - Mutualism Both participating species benefit (+/+) 1. Nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium (bacteria)Bacteria take N2 from air which plants can use Interaction is very species-s
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaOutline 20What causes evolution?Fall 2008p. 1Violation of Hardy_weinberg without evolution Non-random mating a. assortative mating - genotypes mate preferentially with particular genotypes effects depend on particular
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaThe origin of speciesFall 2008 p. 1130 years after the Origin of Species was published, we are still learning the details of how speciation occurs!Huge progress on understanding ecological and genetic mechanisms in last
Maryland - BSCI - 106
Announcements Phylogeny: Reconstructing the history of life on EarthDarwin - if all organisms have a common ancestor, evolution will look like a tree Branch points are speciation Branches hold groups of closely related organisms Living specie
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaOUTLINE 16Genetics IFall 2008Darwin knew that evolution requires Variation in phenotype Differential survival or fecundity of phenotypes Inheritance of successful phenotypes Darwin DID NOT know how the inheritance of pheno
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaOutline 18-Meiosis, Mitosis and Mendel #2 Test CrossFall 2008 p. 1Is an individual with the dominant phenotype a homozygote or a heterozygote?To find out, cross _ x _ Phenotypes of progeny clearly reveal the genotype of
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI106 Dr. ViaOutline 18Sources of genetic variationFall, 2008The phenotype is more than the genotype Most characters influenced by several loci Multiple environmental effects Food, Water, Temperature, etc.Phenotypic variation = gen
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaEvolution in Medicine -Disease occurs in populations, which evolve! - Body is a population of cells - Sick individuals harbor populations of bacteria, viruses, etc - Populations of disease organisms can live outside the body - B
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaEvolution can be rapid! Rapid evolution in the wild: 1. Metal tolerance in plantsFall 2008 p. 1Metal tolerance has repeatedly evolved in plants on metal mines Europe and US Heavy metals are very toxic - Copper, Zinc, Ca
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara ViaOutline 13Discovering the Law of Natural SelectionFall 2008, p. 1From about 400 BC - 1800, the Earth was viewed as static and unchanging. Aristotle - Ladder of Life Progression of fixed forms, with humans as the final prod
Maryland - BSCI - 106
QUIZ 2, 2008 1. Your brother is still in high school, and he gets home from school at 2PM. You go home for a visit and arrive on Friday afternoon at 5, on a day that your mom has made a batch of your favorite cookies. However, by the time you get the
Maryland - BSCI - 106
Problem1MultipleChoiceWhichofthefollowingconsumeotherlivingorganisms? ANSWER: primaryproducers herbivores carnivores decomposers bothherbivoresandcarnivoresProblem2MultipleChoiceWhichhabitattypeinthefigurecoversthelargestareaonEarth? ANSWER: w
Maryland - BSCI - 106
Quiz 4 1. Whyaresometraitsconsideredvestigial? A. Theyimprovethefitnessofanindividualwhobearsthem,comparedwiththe fitnessofindividualswithoutthosetraits. B. Theychangeinresponsetoenvironmentalinfluences. C. Theyexistedalongtimeinthepast. xD.Theyarere
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Quiz 5 - 2008Fall 20081. A given gene has 2 alleles: B (brown hair) is dominant to b (purple hair). If a heterozygous brown haired male mates with a female with purple hair, what is the expected frequency of progeny with purple hair? A.
Maryland - BSCI - 106
Quiz 6 2008. You may use a calculator if you think it will help. 1. Often a test cross is performed to determine whether an individual with the dominant phenotype for a given gene is a homozygote (AA) or heterozygote (Aa). However, you could reasonab
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara Via Quiz 8 1. All of the following can cause evolution except one. Which one? a. migration and gene flow *b. recombination c. genetic drift d. differential survival of genotypes e. mutation 2. All of these statements about genetic d
Maryland - BSCI - 106
Quiz 8 1. All life is classified into 3 a. Phyla b. Orders xc. Domains d. Kingdoms 2. Which of the following statements about shared ancestral traits is FALSE? xa. They provide useful information for distinguishing monophyletic groups. b. They are tr
Maryland - BSCI - 106
Quiz 9 1. Prokaryotes are a a. polyphyletic group xb. paraphyletic group c. monophyletic group 2. You would assign prokaryotes to a poly/para/mono-phyletic group because a. it contains the common ancestor and all of its descendents. xb. it contains t
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara Via Quiz 10- 2008Fall, 20081. All but one of the following statements about Protostomes are correct. Which one is wrong? a. Protostomes have a ventral nerve cord. b. There are two branches of the Protostomes, and Annelids and Mo
Maryland - BSCI - 106
BSCI 106 Dr. Sara Via Quiz 11- 2008 1. A clam is in Phylum a. Porifera b. Cnidaria c. Platyhelminthes d. Nematoda e. Arthropoda xf. Mollusca g. Chlamydia 2. A cockroach is in Phylum a. Porifera b. Cnidaria c. Deuterostoma d. Nematoda xe. Arthropoda f
Maryland - BSCI - 106
Quiz 12 1. North America used to have wooly mammoths, mastodons and saber-tooth cats. What happened to them? a. They went extinct when a meteorite struck 65 million years ago. b. They were overhunted about 12000 years ago by the first human colonists
Maryland - BSCI - 106
Quiz 13 1. T/F If the permafrost melts, enough carbon will be released into the atmosphere to approximately double current atmospheric CO2 concentrations. T 2. T/F As the Arctic ice cap melts, many countries are lining up to claim rights to the exten
Maryland - BMGT - 220
Quiz Question 1: The Maximum Experience Company acquired a building for $500,000. Maximum Experience had an appraisal done, and found that the building was worth $575,000. The seller had paid $300,000 for the building 6 years ago. Which accounting pr
Maryland - BMGT - 220
Quiz Question 1: A debit is used to record:1. 2. 2 3.4.A decrease in an expense account. An increase in a revenue account account. An increase in the balance of common stock. stock A decrease in the balance of retained earnings. earningsQuiz Q
Michigan State University - MATH - 132
SUNY Buffalo - MGA - 311
Customer Name Aaron Fitz Electrical Adam Park Resort Advanced Paper Co. Advanced Tech Satellite System American Electrical Contractor American Science Museum Associated Insurance Company Astor Suites Atmore Retirement Center Baker's Emporium Inc. Ber
SUNY Buffalo - MGA - 311
Customer Name MARLIN SHILEY ADALINE MUMME ALABAMA GIFT NOVELTY CO ALABAMA HANDIWORK ALABAMA HEIRLOOMS ALBA SCHWALM ALPHONSE WIMBERLEY ALYCE YEATER ANASTASIA VASHON ANDRES LAURO ANGEL ARTS ARIZONA GIFT STUDIO ARKANSAS HOARD ARMANDINA BOROS BABY GIFT H
SUNY Buffalo - MGA - 311
Customer Name MISSOURI JEWELRY N' MORE SANDY VORE ELITE GIFT GALLERY BETTINA FLEMISTER UNICORN .COM JOELLE CIENFUEGOS SILVER GIFT HOUSE CHERRY GIFT STUDIO HAWAII JEWELRY NOVELTIES PLUM GIFT HOUSE WYOMING JEWELRY STUDIOS OREGON GIFTS INTL PENNSYLVANIA