38-1 38. ?
1. 1) : ? 2) : ? 3) : ?
2. 1) - ( ) 2) - ( )
38-2
1. . 2. .
. (W. Bertozzi, 1964) (1964 CERN) 0.99975c
o
+
38-3,4 ,
1. (event) 1) : () () 2) : , , 2. , . , . 3. : v : ()
{
R - R': B - B':
.
.
.
.
38-5
. v , . ?
1) : 2) :
t 0 = t =
2D c 2L c
L=
(
1 v t 2
)
2
+D
2
=
v2 2 + D2 2 L c
t =
3) :
t 0 v2 1c2
(proper time) t 0 .
.
t = t 0 ( t 0 )
1 , 2 1- v c,
1) : (muon) : 2.2 s 0.9994c : 63.5 s
t =
t 0 1 - 2
= 28.872.200s = 63.5s
2) (J. Hafele & R. Keating, 1977) 4 4 2
38-6
1) : () L 0 ( ) 2) L 0 t = L0 v L 0 = vt
3) , ( ). ,
4) t L = vt 0 = v = L0 ( )
38-7
S
S S' S' v = ( v, 0, 0)
: t' = t = 0 S S'
t' = t x' = x - vt y' = y z' = z
t' = t -
(
vx c2
)
x' = ( x - vt) y' = y z' = z
v
( c
<< 1 )
38-8
:
t' = t 1.
(
v 2 x , c
)
x' = ( x - vt)
S : ( x 0 ) ( t = 0 ) S' t' = -
2.
vx c2
( )
S : ( x = 0 ) , t () S' t' = t
-38a: (38 ) 3.
S : x S' : x'
( t' = 0) .
t' = 0
t =
v x c2
x' = ( x - vt) = x = x
(
v2 v2 x = 1 - 2 x c2 c
)
(
)
38-9
t' = t -
(
v 2 x c
)
( x - vt) v t - 2 x c u-v 2 1 - uv/c
x' = ( x - vt) x : u t S u' S' : x' t' =
(
)
=
.
38-10
f = f0 1- 1+ f0 1 - +
(
12 2
)
( S v P D ) f = f 0 1 - 2 f0 1 -
(
12 2
)
. v S P D .
-38a: : (space ship) . 0.95c 10 . . , . . . , . .