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2003 Agre Pictures

Course: BIOLOGY 020.111, Spring 2009
School: Johns Hopkins
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Nobel Foundation Nobel Media Nobel Museum <a href="/keyword/nobel-peace/" >nobel peace</a> Center Nobel Web SEARCH CONTACT US Peter Agre The <a href="/keyword/nobel-prize/" >nobel prize</a> in Chemistry 2003 Photo Gallery Peter Agre receiving his <a href="/keyword/nobel-prize/" >nobel prize</a> from His Majesty King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden at the Stockholm Concert Hall, 10 December 2003. Copyright Nobel Web AB 2003 Photo: Hans Mehlin Peter Agre (left) and Roderick MacKinnon at the <a href="/keyword/nobel-prize/" >nobel prize</a> Award Ceremony at the Stockholm Concert Hall, 10 December 2003. Copyright Nobel Web AB 2003 Photo: Hans Mehlin Peter Agre delivering his Nobel Lecture at the Aula Magna, Stockholm University, 8 December 2003. Copyright Nobel Web AB 2003 Photo: Hans Mehlin Peter Agre delivering his Nobel Lecture at the Aula Magna, Stockholm University, 8 December 2003. Copyright Nobel Web AB 2003 Photo: Hans Mehlin Peter Agre being interviewed in Stockholm, 9 December 2003. Copyright Nobel Web AB 2003 Photo: Hans Mehlin Peter Agre and Roderick MacKinnon being interviewed by science writer Joanna Rose, 9 December 2003. Copyright Nobel Web AB 2003 Photo: Hans Mehlin

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1962 Crick, Watson, Wilkins The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962

Johns Hopkins - BIOLOGY - 020.111

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"Francis Harry Compton CrickJames Dewey WatsonMaurice Hu

alkanes

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

alkene stab

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Alkene Stability More highly substituted alkene isomers are more stable: hyperconjugation: Trans isomers are more stable than cis isomers because of steric interactions We can see this by heats of formation, combustion, or hydrogenationFig. 5.3

aromaticity

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Aromaticity and Aromatic CompoundsBenzeneor Dewar's Prisnane fulnane BenzeneAromatic Compounds (from coal and petroleum)Nomenclature (common names)Clues to benzenes differencesThe molecular orbitalsHckels Rule: odd number of electron p

Boat and fused rings

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Boats, bicycles, fused rings, and spiranesFig. 3.141Fig. 3.15Fig. 3.182Lowest Energy Conformation of long-chain hydrocarbonsPage 127 Eqn. 13Page 127 Eqn. 2Page 128 Eqn. 14

Chemistry of Benzene

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

The Chemistry of Aromatic MoleculesElectrophilic Aromatic Substitution1Substitution vs. AdditionSome of the reactions:2Activating/Deactivating (o,p vs m directing3Experimental resultsElectrostatic Maps:4Why are activating groups

Cycloalkanes

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Fig. 3.13Alkanes-continuedAxial and Equatorial positionsPage 121 Eqn. 1Page 122 Eqn. 11Page 122 Eqn. 2Page 123 Eqn. 1Page 123 Eqn. 2Measuring StrainHeats of formation Heats of combustion2Heats of CombustionHeats of formation

Eliminations and Summary_1perpg

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

EliminationsBimolecular: E2What is going on? The nucleophile, now behaving as a base, seeks out a proton on the adjacent carbon (thats to you). The preferred conformation is anti-periplanar because that has a smooth transition to the aligned p-o

Ethane_cycloalkanes

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Ethane, propane, butane and cycloalkanesBond Rotation in Ethane (note Newman projections)Torsional strain Torsional strain: electron clouds avoid each other (or in a recent paper, there is stabilizing interaction between, you guessed it, a CH bo

stereochemistry

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

What happens when you have 4 different substituents around sp3 carbon?StereochemistryNon-superimposable mirror images:1All it takes isWhat is happening? plane of symmetry or if you like, a mirror plane2How do we tell the mirror images a

Substitution-part1

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Substitution and Elimination ReactionsAll of the possibilitiesThe Kinetics of the Bimolecular Substitution Reaction (SN2):That transition stateIf nucleophile and leaving group are not the same:What is the HOMO/LUMO Interaction?Inversion o

substitution-cont

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Substitution continued.What about the other substitution reaction?Why the observed rates? (consideration of the substrate)Formation of the carbocation is rate-limiting More highly substituted carbocations are more stable Why? Induction:Hyper

overview of reaction mechanisms

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Thermodynamics vs. KineticsOverview of Organic Reaction MechanismsThermodynamicsWhat are those bond dissociation energies?1What can we say about the reaction mechanism in terms of the thermodynamics and kinetics?2Reactive Carbon Interme

practice synthetic problems

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Some Practice Synthesis Problems All of these require more than one step:OH OH BrCl CN Cl BrOHONO2CH2CH3 BrO2N CH3NO2SO3HEtOH OH OH OHCO2HCl

practice_synthesis_ans

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Some Practice Synthesis Problems All of these require more than one step:NBS/hvOSO4 pyridineNaHSO4OH OH BrNBS/hvCH3CH2ONa EtOH Cl Cl 2 Cl BrNBS/hvHBrNaCNCNCl O AlCl3 H2/Pd/C NBS hv LiAlH3 Br AlBr3 Br AlBr3 NBS hv Br2 EtONa EtOH

Radical halogenation

Johns Hopkins - CHEMISTRY - 030.205

Alkyl Free Radicals They are 7-electron neutral reactive intermediates. Alkyl free radicals are thought to be mostly planar although there is some disagreement about this. The more highly substituted the more stable the radical (3>2 >1 >methyl).

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