07 Fall OT Exam 1 Review Terms & Names: 1. Aaron- Moses' brother, speaker for Moses when he went to the pharaoh 2. Abraham- tied by 2 journey and promise a. Son of Terah of Ur and Chaldeans 3. Adam & Eve- God's creation of humans 4. Ancestral History- given between books as a bridge 5. Apodictic- of a proposition; necessarily true or logically certain 6. Ark of the Covenant- a sacred container, wherein rested the stone tablets containing the Ten Commandments as well as other sacred Israelite objects. 7. Arrangement of the OT/Hebrew Bible- 1. law (torah), Prophets(Nevium), Writings (kethuvim) OLD TESTAMENT- Law/ Pentatuch, History, Wisdom Literature and Poetry, Prophets 8. Bible- collection of books, codes origination of sound observations; old testament and new testament; witness- only 1 covenant judge, it can't change 9. Bethel- House of God, 10. Canaan- land 11. Canon - another word for scripture. The Canon consists of the 39 books of the Old Testament and the 27 books of the New. The Canon is closed which means there is no more revelation to become Scripture. 12. Caleb- the son of Jephunneh is an important figure in the Hebrew Bible, noted for his faith in God when the Hebrew nation refuses to enter the "promised land" of Canaan with Joshua 13. Casuistic- of or relating to the use of ethical principles to resolve moral problems 14. Circumcision - The token of the Abrahamic covenant during O.T. dispensations. Those who received it thenceforth enjoyed the privileges and undertook the responsibilities 1 of the covenant. It symbolized some aspects of separation or dedication to God, 2 to whom Israel belonged; from the world, the uncircumcised with whom Israel might not mix;3 from sin 15. Covenant: a) Noah,- god asks Noah to build ARK I. First thing noah does is build halter II. God will never destroy humans again b/c evil is from youth Destruction has not solved the problem Covenant w/ all creation to not destroy again with water III. Murder- ultimate form of corruption IV. Redemption- other option to take out corruption, other than destruction b) AbrahamI. many offspring- PROBLEM- SARAH IS BARREN II. nation with land (place/promise land) III. Presence that protects IV. Blessing to all families of the world (purpose) c) Mosaic (Sinai)- the Ten Commandments give to Moses on Mt Sinai also called the Sinai covenant 16. Day of Atonement- considered to be a time for fasting, on which no food or drink are be consumed. a. Laws of clean and unclean b. Everything that made you unclean c. b/c of stuck down of Aaron's sons d. 3 animal sacrifices I. Ram II. 2 goats e. Purification of Israel 17. Dead Sea Scrolls- A collection of more than 800 manuscripts written on parchment, papyrus, and copper over 2,000 years ago. The Dead Sea Scrolls were found in 1947 in
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what is now Israel. The Scrolls contain many different kinds of texts, including the oldest known portions of the Old Testament of the Bible. th nd Deuteronomy- 5 book of the old testament, contains Moses' 2 statement of law Documentary Hypothesis where the Torah came from; J,E,D,P sources Eden - a beautiful garden where Adam and Eve were placed at the Creation; when they disobeyed and ate the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil they were driven from their paradise (the fall of man) Egypt Elohim- Plural for Creator God. Esau- brother of Jacob, then gave up his birthright for stew; then tried to kill Jacob Exodus- the second book of the Old Testament: tells of the departure of the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt led by Moses; God gave them the Ten Commandments and the rest of Mosaic law on Mount Sinai during the Exodus Genesis- SEE NOTES a. first book of the Pentateuch b. Narrative in 2 parts I. Chapters 1-11 pre-history Israel's primeval traditions, beginning of life; corruption II. Chapters 12-50 ancestral history Patriarchal history: Beginning of Israel (see notes) **genealogies are literary devices- bridges one piece of information to another Golden Calf - an idol made by Aaron for the Israelites to worship; destroyed by Moses; it is now used to refer to anything worshipped undeservedly Hagar- The Egyptian handmaiden of Sarai (Sarah), who bore Abraham a son, Ishmael Hebrew- wandering people, nomadic, outsiders, derogatory Hyksos- Ruling dynasty of Egypt between the 13th and 18th dynasties Isaac- Abraham's son have Jason and Esau Israel (Israelite)- Jason, son, changed his name to Israel Ishmael- Ishmael, son of Abraham, is mentioned in both the Torah and the Qur'an, and is, in traditional Jewish and Islamic belief, the ancestor of the Arabs. In Islam, he is considered one of the prophets. Christians, through the Old Testament, generally recognize Ishmael as the son of Abraham. Jabbok River- The Biblical Jacob crossed the Jabbok on his way back to Israel, after leaving Harran. Jacob- son of Isaac; brother of Esau; father of the twelve patriarchs of Israel; Jacob wrestled with God and forced God to bless him, so God gave Jacob the new name of Israel Jethro/Reuel- He is called a priest of Midian, and he becomes father-in-law to Moses Jew- people belonging to Judaism, Judaism- defining elements a. monotheism while everyone else is polytheistic b. sacred text c. emergence of Christianity- Christianity acquired monotheism from Jews I. roots of Christianity comes out of jews Joseph- first son of Rachel- SEE NOTES Joshua - a book in the Old Testament describing how Joshua led the Israelites into Canaan (the Promised Land) after the death of Moses Jubilee- 50th year a. economic reforms- everyone who lost land got it back b. how much land is worth is based upon how many years until jubilee c. stewardship- god owns the land Laban- father of Jacob's 2 wives, Rachel and Leah Law- teaching/instruction; a. 2 major threads
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I. 63. Teaching instruction from Israel perspectives; the nature of god II. Relationship with god- how to interact with god Leah- first wife of Jacob; has 10 sons Legal Literature- canon rd Leviticus- 3 book of the OT; Lot- Abraham's nephew; accompanied Abraham until Isaac was born Manna- name of the food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus. Manna ceased to appear when the Israelites first harvested their crops in their new homeland. Midian- son of Abraham and his concubine Keturah Moriah- mountain where Abraham brings Isaac to be sacrificed but Isaac is not harmed Moses- Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai Narrative History Nephilim- are a people created by the cross-breeding of the "sons of God" and the "daughters of men". (See Genesis 6:1.) The word nephilim is loosely translated as giants or titans in some Bibles, and is left untranslated in others Noah- the Hebrew patriarch who saved himself and his family and the animals by building an ark in which they survived 40 days and 40 nights of rain; the story of Noah and the flood is told in the Book of Genesis Numbers- the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt Old Testament- the same as the Hebrew bible but different parts Palestine- Romans' term for Canaan Passover - Annual feast commemorating the deliverance of the firstborn in Egypt when the angel of death took all those who did not have blood on the doorpost. Patriarchs- known as the Avot in Hebrew, are Abraham, his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob Peniel- face of God, a place not far from Succoth, on the east of theJordan and north of the river Jabbok. It is also called"Peniel" meaning "I have seen a divine being face to face, yet my life is preserved." Here Jacob wrestled (Gen. 32:24-32) "with a man" ("theangel", Hos. 12:4. Jacob says of him, "I have seen God face to face") "till the break of day." Pentateuch- first 5 books a. Narrative historyI. Human life II. Sinfulness III. God's redemptive activity IV. Israel b. Legal/ structural I. Statutes governing community II. Directives guiding worship Pharaoh- encountered with Moses Potiphar- An officer of Pharaoh, captain of the guard that purchased Joseph as a slave Prehistory (Primeval)- place with water and darkness Rachel- the second wife of Jacob and mother of Joseph and Benjamin Rebekah- In the Bible the wife of Isaac, mother of Esau and Jacob. When Rebecca was about to become a mother, she felt that the children were struggling within her, so she inquired of the Lord as to the meaning of this, and received the answer: "Two nations are in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels; and the one people shall be stronger than the other people; and the elder shall serve the younger" (Genesis 25:23). Sabbath year- It is a year during which farm-land in the Land of Israel has to remain uncultivated (known in Hebrew as shemitat karka'ot) and (b) It is a year at the end of which debts owed to individuals are "forgiven"
I. OCCURS EVERY 7 YEARS 66. Sarah- Abraham's wife, mother of 67. Serpent- trickster; saying god is keeping something from god 68. Shema- Shema Yisrael (or Sh'ma Yisroel or just Shma) (Hebrew: ; "Hear, [O] Israel") are the first two words of a section of the Torah (Hebrew Bible) that is used as a centerpiece of all morning and evening Jewish prayer services and closely echoes the monotheistic message of Judaism. It is considered the most important prayer in Judaism. 69. Shiphrah & Puah- two midwives that helped 70. Septuagint- Greek translation of the old testament (most influential version) ALSO KNOWN AS LXX 71. Mount Sinai- Mountain where God met Moses to establish his covenant with the Israelites. Here God gave the Ten Commandments and the instructions for the building of the tabernacle. Many scholars believe Sinai refers to Jebel Musa, a peak in the Sinai Peninsula, the area between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. This peak is 7,500 feet high. Others put Mount Sinai further north; still others in Arabia. 72. Tabernacle- house of god, made of cloth(a tent) a. portable 73. TaNak- stands for Torah, N'vi-im, and K'tuvim 74. Ten Commandments (Decalogue)- list of religious and moral imperatives which, according to Biblical tradition, were written by God and given to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of two stone tablets 75. Tribe of Amalek- fought the Israelites when they were just leaving Egypt and they were hopeless 76. Toledot- the descendants of, the generations of" 77. Torah- the first book in the Hebrew bible, contains law, becomes the immovable foundation of Israel's faith 78. Translation- ?--> Hebrew Bible Dead Sea Scrolls ?--> New Testament -350 CE No Autographs WHY?- Corruption and Destruction 79. Testament- meaning covenant 80. Trees in Eden- tree of life and tree of knowledge of good and evil 81. Tree of Life- is a tree whose fruit gives everlasting life, i.e. immortality. After eating of the Tree of Knowledge of good and evil, the story goes, Adam and Eve are exiled from the Garden of Eden. Fearing Adam and Eve will also eat of the tree of life and become immortal, God sets angels to guard the entrance to the Garden. 82. Unleavened Bread- is the "official" food of Passover. When the Jews were leaving Egypt, there was no time for the bread to rise, and the resulting food was matzoh. For Passover, the ingredients for matzoh are flour and water. 83. Yahweh- Yahweh is the Hebrew God worshiped exclusively when the Hebrews became monotheists, c. 1000 BCE. This is the God in the Old Testament. The Hebrews believe that if they place their trust in Yehweh, then they will be provided for. definition: Chapter 4.