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6 Chapter The School Health Program: A Component of Community Health Introduction x The school health program is an important component of community health because every citizen must pass through this institution. Health Challenges of Youth The health challenges facing youth today are vastly different from those of past decades. Advances in medications and vaccines have largely addressed the ravages once wrought by infectious diseases. Today, the health of young people, and the adults they will become, is critically linked to the health related behaviors they choose to adopt. CDC, 1996 Health Challenges of Youth In the 1990s, . . . by age 15, about a quarter of all young adolescents are engaged in behaviors that are harmful or dangerous to themselves & others. Of 28 million adolescents between the ages of 10 & 18, approximately 7 million are at serious risk of being harmed by health & even life threatening activities. Only half of the adolescents in this age group, or about 14 million, appear to be growing up basically healthy. Even these young people are not immune to risk, since most of them at the very least lack adequate decision making skills. Fateful Choices, 1990 Why School Health? Our Nation s Schools A Unique Opportunity Every school day, 50+ million young people attend over 100,000 schools staffed by over 5 million employees across our nation (1/5 of USA pop). Given the size and accessibility of this population, our schools could make an enormous, positive impact on the health of the nation. CDC, 1996 Ripple Effect of Behavioral Choices x SELF q q Immediate Short Term Health Future Long Term Health Spouse or partner Children Grandchildren Environmental Policies Volunteer work Elections and laws x FAMILY q q q x COMMUNITY q q q Definition x Coordinated School Health Program q An organized set of policies, procedures, and activities designed to protect, promote, and improve the health and well being of students and staff, thus improving the student s ability to learn. Components q q q q q q q q school health education health services school environment Counseling and psychological and social services Health promotion Physical education School nutrition Family and community Coordinated School Health Program Health Education Parent/ Community Involvement Physical Education Health Services Health Promotion for Staff Healthy School Environment Nutrition Services Counseling, Psychological, and Social Services Comprehensive School Health Components x School health services comprise health appraisals, emergency services, prevention & control of communicable diseases, provision for handicapped students, health advising & remediation of detected health problems. x Healthful school environment provides for a safe & health learning environment (includes both physical & social) x Health Education includes all health education in the schools School Health Team Students Teachers Medical personnel Social workers Counseling Parents Administrators Maintenance workers Food service workers Personnel Administrator or School Health Coodinator s role Organize & supervise all aspects of school health program, Organize & supervise those on the school health team, Insure that the school district has an appropriate health record keeping system Coordinate the activities of the program with those in the community, Insure that written school health policies are in place & understood, Serve as a consultant to professional and nonteaching personnel on health activities Schaller, 1981 School Health Team School nurse Primary Leadership (Lacking in many school districts) maintain review and birth records dispense medications train others conduct health follow ups help develop school health policies identify students with medical problems identify community health resources School Health Team Teacher s role instruction services school living coordination Why School Health? Clearly, no knowledge is more crucial than knowledge about health. Without it, no other life goal can be successfully achieved. Therefore, we recommend that all students study health, learning about the human body, how it changes over the life cycle, what nourishes it and diminishes it, and how a healthy body contributes to emotional well being. Ernest L. Boyer, 1983 Need for School Health x Health of children and their learning are reciprocally related. q Unhealthy child has a difficult time learning q unhealthy child can be disruptive to others q school programs included in Health People 2010 q not a panacea Link Between Health and Learning Health < > Learning SBP (1966) >Increase in test scores Decrease in tardiness and absenteeism rates Cardiovascular health< Education about diet and exercise Foundations of SH Programs x Administrative Support q Leadership q Resource Allocation Qualified and Motivated Team x Written School Health Policies x School Health Services x Basic Health q Health Screening q Detect problems and refer x Expanded Health q Care for medically underserved q Increased health promotion x Comprehensive Health q School based Clinic Healthful School Environment x Safe and wholesome q Physical environment Physical Plant and Grounds x Behaviors x q Social/Emotional x Respectful, civil, cooperative, and courteous School Health Education/ Instruction a planned, sequential, pre kindergarten to grade 12 curriculum based on students needs & societal issues, to motivate health maintenance & promote wellness & not merely to prevent disease, to develop decision making making skills & individual responsibility for one s health, to develop and demonstrate health related knowledge, attitudes, & practices, to integrate of physical, mental, emotional, & social dimensions, National Professional School Health Organizations, 1984 Education through athletics Health fair Education with screenings Education with fire & tornado drills Health instruction HEALTH EDUCATION Education with food service Education with courses other than health Relationship of school health instruction & health education School Health Instruction Content Community health Consumer health Environmental health Family life Mental & emotional health Injury prevention & safety Nutrition Personal health Prevention & control of disease Substance use & abuse Joint Committee on School Health Education, 1990 Instructional Approaches Direct - health is taught as a separate discipline health is taught as part of other disciplines, i.e., science, home economics or physical education health is the vehicle through which other disciplines are taught Correlated - Integrated - Science Home Economics Math HEALTH Physical Education Music Art Language Arts Social Studies Integrated Instructional Approach Concerns & Issues x Comprehensive school health programs q research shows programs work however they are not in place in all schools although the need is strong based on differing values & religious teachings & over the proper implementing of the curriculum offer comprehensive health services, have met with resistance in certain communities risk factors need to be identified x Controversy q x School based clinics/School linked clinics q x Violence in Schools q Chapter 6 The School Health Program: A Component of Community Health Introduction x The school health program is an important component of community health because every citizen must pass through this institution.

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