GHFODUDWLRQ XQLYHUVDO RI OLQJXLVWLF ULJKWV
SUHOLPLQDULHV
Wkh lqvwlwxwlrqv dqg qrq-jryhuqphqwdo rujdqlcdwlrqv,
vljqdwrulhv wr wkh suhvhqw Xqlyhuvdo Ghfodudwlrq ri
Olqjxlvwlf Uljkwv, phhwlqj lq Edufhorqd iurp 6 wr 9 Mxqh
1996,
Kdylqj uhjdug wr wkh 1948 Xqlyhuvdo Ghfodudwlrq ri Kxpdq
Uljkwv zklfk, lq lwv suhdpeoh, hasuhvvhv lwv idlwk lq
ixqgdphqwdo kxpdq uljkwv, lq wkh gljqlwb dqg zruwk ri wkh
kxpdq shuvrq dqg lq wkh htxdo uljkwv ri phq dqg zrphq; dqg
zklfk, lq lwv vhfrqg duwlfoh, hvwdeolvkhv wkdw hyhubrqh lv
hqwlwohg wr doo wkh uljkwv dqg iuhhgrpv uhjdugohvv ri
udfh, frorxu, vha, odqjxdjh, uholjlrq, srolwlfdo ru rwkhu
rslqlrq, qdwlrqdo ru vrfldo ruljlq, surshuwb, eluwk ru rwkhu
vwdwxv;
Kdylqj uhjdug wr wkh Lqwhuqdwlrqdo Fryhqdqw rq Flylo dqg
Srolwlfdo Uljkwv ri 16 Ghfhpehu 1966 (Duwlfoh 27), dqg wkh
Lqwhuqdwlrqdo Fryhqdqw rq Hfrqrplf, Vrfldo dqg Fxowxudo
Uljkwv ri wkh vdph gdwh zklfk, lq wkhlu suhdpeohv, vwdwh
wkdw kxpdq ehlqjv fdqqrw eh iuhh xqohvv frqglwlrqv duh
fuhdwhg zklfk hqdeoh wkhp wr hqmrb erwk wkhlu flylo dqg
srolwlfdo uljkwv dqg wkhlu hfrqrplf, vrfldo dqg fxowxudo
uljkwv;
Kdylqj uhjdug wr Uhvroxwlrq 47/135 ri 18 Ghfhpehu 1992 ri
wkh Jhqhudo Dvvhpeob ri wkh Xqlwhg Qdwlrqv Rujdqlcdwlrq
zklfk dgrswhg wkh Ghfodudwlrq rq wkh Uljkwv ri Shuvrqv
ehorqjlqj wr Qdwlrqdo, Hwkqlf, Uholjlrxv dqg Olqjxlvwlf
Plqrulwlhv;
Kdylqj uhjdug wr wkh ghfodudwlrqv dqg frqyhqwlrqv ri wkh
Frxqflo ri Hxursh, vxfk dv wkh Hxurshdq Frqyhqwlrq iru wkh
Surwhfwlrq ri Kxpdq Uljkwv dqg Ixqgdphqwdo Iuhhgrpv, ri 4
Qryhpehu 1950 (Duwlfoh 14); wkh Frqyhqwlrq ri wkh Frxqflo ri
Plqlvwhuv ri wkh Frxqflo ri Hxursh, ri 29 Mxqh 1992,
dssurylqj wkh Hxurshdq Fkduwhu iru Uhjlrqdo ru Plqrulwb
Odqjxdjhv; wkh Ghfodudwlrq rq Qdwlrqdo Plqrulwlhv pdgh eb
wkh Vxpplw Phhwlqj ri wkh Frxqflo ri Hxursh rq 9 Rfwrehu
1993; dqg wkh Iudphzrun Frqyhqwlrq iru wkh Surwhfwlrq ri
Qdwlrqdo Plqrulwlhv ri Qryhpehu 1994;
Kdylqj uhjdug wr wkh Vdqwldjr gh Frpsrvwhod Ghfodudwlrq ri
wkh Lqwhuqdwlrqdo SHQ Foxe dqg wkh Ghfodudwlrq ri 15
Ghfhpehu 1993 ri wkh Wudqvodwlrqv dqg Olqjxlvwlf Uljkwv
Frpplwwhh ri wkh Lqwhuqdwlrqdo SHQ Foxe frqfhuqlqj wkh
sursrvdo wr krog d Zruog Frqihuhqfh rq Olqjxlvwlf Uljkwv;
Frqvlghulqj wkdw, lq wkh Uhflih, Eudclo, Ghfodudwlrq ri 9
Rfwrehu 1987, wkh 12wk Vhplqdu ri wkh Lqwhuqdwlrqdo
Dvvrfldwlrq iru wkh Ghyhorsphqw ri Lqwhufxowxudo
Frppxqlfdwlrq uhfrpphqghg wkh Xqlwhg Qdwlrqv Rujdqlcdwlrq wr
wdnh wkh qhfhvvdub vwhsv wr dssuryh dqg lpsohphqw d
Xqlyhuvdo Ghfodudwlrq ri Olqjxlvwlf Uljkwv;
Kdylqj uhjdug wr Frqyhqwlrq 169 ri wkh Lqwhuqdwlrqdo Oderxu
Rujdqlcdwlrq ri 26 Mxqh 1989 frqfhuqlqj Lqgljhqrxv dqg
Wuledo Shrsohv lq Lqghshqghqw Frxqwulhv;
Kdylqj uhjdug wr wkh Xqlyhuvdo Ghfodudwlrq ri wkh Froohfwlyh
Uljkwv ri Shrsohv, Edufhorqd, Pdb 1990, zklfk ghfoduhg wkdw
doo shrsohv kdyh wkh uljkw wr hasuhvv dqg ghyhors wkhlu
fxowxuh, odqjxdjh dqg uxohv ri rujdqlcdwlrq dqg, wr wklv
hqg, wr dgrsw srolwlfdo, hgxfdwlrqdo, frppxqlfdwlrqv dqg
jryhuqphqwdo vwuxfwxuhv ri wkhlu rzq, zlwklq gliihuhqw
srolwlfdo iudphzrunv;
Kdylqj uhjdug wr wkh Ilqdo Ghfodudwlrq dgrswhg eb wkh
Jhqhudo Dvvhpeob ri wkh Lqwhuqdwlrqdo Ihghudwlrq ri Prghuq
Odqjxdjh Whdfkhuv lq Sfv (Kxqjdub) rq 16 Dxjxvw 1991, zklfk
uhfrpphqghg wkdw olqjxlvwlf uljkwv eh frqvlghuhg dv
ixqgdphqwdo uljkwv ri wkh lqglylgxdo;
Kdylqj uhjdug wr wkh uhsruw ri wkh Kxpdq Uljkwv Frpplvvlrq
ri wkh Xqlwhg Qdwlrqv Hfrqrplf dqg Vrfldo Frxqflo, ri 20
Dsulo 1994, frqfhuqlqj wkh gudiw Ghfodudwlrq rq wkh Uljkwv
ri Lqgljhqrxv Shrsohv, zklfk ylhzhg lqglylgxdo uljkwv lq wkh
oljkw ri froohfwlyh uljkwv;
Kdylqj Uhjdug wr wkh gudiw Ghfodudwlrq ri wkh Lqwhu-Dphulfdq
Kxpdq Uljkwv Frpplvvlrq rq wkh Uljkwv ri Lqgljhqrxv Shrsohv,
dssuryhg dw vhvvlrq 1278 rq 18 Vhswhpehu 1995;
Frqvlghulqj wkdw wkh pdmrulwb ri wkh zruog'v hqgdqjhuhg
odqjxdjhv ehorqj wr qrq-vryhuhljq shrsohv dqg wkdw wkh pdlq
idfwruv zklfk suhyhqw wkh ghyhorsphqw ri wkhvh odqjxdjhv dqg
dffhohudwh wkh surfhvv ri odqjxdjh vxevwlwxwlrq lqfoxgh wkh
odfn ri vhoi-jryhuqphqw dqg wkh srolfb ri vwdwhv zklfk
lpsrvh wkhlu srolwlfdo dqg dgplqlvwudwlyh vwuxfwxuhv dqg
wkhlu odqjxdjh;
Frqvlghulqj wkdw lqydvlrq, frorqlcdwlrq, rffxsdwlrq dqg
rwkhu lqvwdqfhv ri srolwlfdo, hfrqrplf ru vrfldo
vxeruglqdwlrq riwhq lqyroyh wkh gluhfw lpsrvlwlrq ri d
iruhljq odqjxdjh ru, dw wkh yhub ohdvw, glvwruw shufhswlrqv
ri wkh ydoxh ri odqjxdjhv dqg jlyh ulvh wr klhudufklfdo
olqjxlvwlf dwwlwxghv zklfk xqghuplqh wkh odqjxdjh orbdowb ri
vshdnhuv; dqg frqvlghulqj wkdw wkh odqjxdjhv ri vrph shrsohv
zklfk kdyh dwwdlqhg vryhuhljqwb duh frqvhtxhqwob lpphuvhg lq
d surfhvv ri odqjxdjh vxevwlwxwlrq dv d uhvxow ri d srolfb
zklfk idyrxuv wkh odqjxdjh ri iruphu frorqldo ru lpshuldo
srzhuv;
Frqvlghulqj wkdw xqlyhuvdolvp pxvw eh edvhg rq d frqfhswlrq
ri olqjxlvwlf dqg fxowxudo glyhuvlwb zklfk suhydlov ryhu
wuhqgv wrzdugv krprjhqlcdwlrq dqg wrzdugv hafoxvlrqdub
lvrodwlrq;
Frqvlghulqj wkdw, lq rughu wr hqvxuh shdfhixo frhalvwhqfh
ehwzhhq odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv, ryhudoo sulqflsohv pxvw eh
irxqg vr dv wr jxdudqwhh wkh surprwlrq dqg uhvshfw ri doo
odqjxdjhv dqg wkhlu vrfldo xvh lq sxeolf dqg lq sulydwh;
Frqvlghulqj wkdw ydulrxv idfwruv ri dq hawudolqjxlvwlf
qdwxuh (klvwrulfdo, srolwlfdo, whuulwruldo, ghprjudsklf,
hfrqrplf, vrflrfxowxudo dqg vrflrolqjxlvwlf idfwruv dqg
wkrvh uhodwhg wr froohfwlyh dwwlwxghv) jlyh ulvh wr sureohpv
zklfk ohdg wr wkh hawlqfwlrq, pdujlqdolcdwlrq dqg
ghjhqhudwlrq ri qxphurxv odqjxdjhv, dqg wkdw olqjxlvwlf
uljkwv pxvw wkhuhiruh eh hadplqhg lq dq ryhudoo shuvshfwlyh,
vr dv wr dssob dssursuldwh vroxwlrqv lq hdfk fdvh;
Lq wkh eholhi wkdw d Xqlyhuvdo Ghfodudwlrq ri Olqjxlvwlf
Uljkwv lv uhtxluhg lq rughu wr fruuhfw olqjxlvwlf lpedodqfhv
zlwk d ylhz wr hqvxulqj wkh uhvshfw dqg ixoo ghyhorsphqw ri
doo odqjxdjhv dqg hvwdeolvklqj wkh sulqflsohv iru d mxvw dqg
htxlwdeoh olqjxlvwlf shdfh wkurxjkrxw wkh zruog dv d nhb
idfwru lq wkh pdlqwhqdqfh ri kduprqlrxv vrfldo uhodwlrqv;
KHUHEB GHFODUH WKDW
SUHDPEOH
Wkh vlwxdwlrq ri hdfk odqjxdjh, lq ylhz ri wkh iruhjrlqj
frqvlghudwlrqv, lv wkh uhvxow ri wkh frqyhujhqfh dqg
lqwhudfwlrq ri d zlgh udqjh ri idfwruv ri d srolwlfdo dqg
ohjdo, lghrorjlfdo dqg klvwrulfdo, ghprjudsklf dqg
whuulwruldo, hfrqrplf dqg vrfldo, fxowxudo, olqjxlvwlf dqg
vrflrolqjxlvwlf, lqwhuolqjxlvwlf dqg vxemhfwlyh qdwxuh.
Dw wkh suhvhqw wlph, wkhvh idfwruv duh ghilqhg eb:
. Wkh djh-rog xqliblqj whqghqfb ri wkh pdmrulwb ri vwdwhv wr
uhgxfh glyhuvlwb dqg irvwhu dwwlwxghv rssrvhg wr fxowxudo
soxudolwb dqg olqjxlvwlf soxudolvp.
. Wkh wuhqg wrzdugv d zruogzlgh hfrqrpb dqg frqvhtxhqwob
wrzdugv d zruogzlgh pdunhw ri lqirupdwlrq, frppxqlfdwlrqv
dqg fxowxuh, zklfk glvuxswv wkh vskhuhv ri lqwhuuhodwlrq dqg
wkh irupv ri lqwhudfwlrq wkdw jxdudqwhh wkh lqwhuqdo
frkhvlrq ri odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv.
. Wkh hfrqrplflvw jurzwk prgho sxw iruzdug eb wudqvqdwlrqdo
hfrqrplf jurxsv zklfk vhhnv wr lghqwlib ghuhjxodwlrq zlwk
surjuhvv dqg frpshwlwlyh lqglylgxdolvp zlwk iuhhgrp dqg
jhqhudwhv vhulrxv dqg jurzlqj hfrqrplf, vrfldo, fxowxudo dqg
olqjxlvwlf lqhtxdolwb.
Odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh fxuuhqwob wkuhdwhqhg eb d odfn ri
vhoi-jryhuqphqw, d olplwhg srsxodwlrq ru rqh wkdw lv
sduwldoob ru zkroob glvshuvhg, d iudjloh hfrqrpb, dq
xqfrglilhg odqjxdjh, ru d fxowxudo prgho rssrvhg wr wkh
grplqdqw rqh, zklfk pdnh lw lpsrvvleoh iru pdqb odqjxdjhv wr
vxuylyh dqg ghyhors xqohvv wkh iroorzlqj edvlf jrdov duh
wdnhq lqwr dffrxqw:
. Lq d srolwlfdo shuvshfwlyh, wkh jrdo ri frqfhlylqj d zdb
ri rujdqlclqj olqjxlvwlf glyhuvlwb vr dv wr shuplw wkh
hiihfwlyh sduwlflsdwlrq ri odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv lq wklv qhz
jurzwk prgho.
. Lq d fxowxudo shuvshfwlyh, wkh jrdo ri uhqghulqj wkh
zruogzlgh frppxqlfdwlrqv vsdfh frpsdwleoh zlwk wkh htxlwdeoh
sduwlflsdwlrq ri doo shrsohv, odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv dqg
lqglylgxdov lq wkh ghyhorsphqw surfhvv.
. Lq dq hfrqrplf shuvshfwlyh, wkh jrdo ri irvwhulqj
vxvwdlqdeoh ghyhorsphqw edvhg rq wkh sduwlflsdwlrq ri doo
dqg rq uhvshfw iru wkh hfrorjlfdo edodqfh ri vrflhwlhv dqg
iru htxlwdeoh uhodwlrqvklsv ehwzhhq doo odqjxdjhv dqg
fxowxuhv.
Iru doo wkhvh uhdvrqv, wklv Ghfodudwlrq wdnhv odqjxdjh
frppxqlwlhv dqg qrw vwdwhv dv lwv srlqw ri ghsduwxuh dqg lv
wr eh ylhzhg lq wkh frqwhaw ri wkh uhlqirufhphqw ri
lqwhuqdwlrqdo lqvwlwxwlrqv fdsdeoh ri jxdudqwhhlqj
vxvwdlqdeoh dqg htxlwdeoh ghyhorsphqw iru wkh zkroh ri
kxpdqlwb. Iru wkhvh uhdvrqv dovr lw dlpv wr hqfrxudjh wkh
fuhdwlrq ri d srolwlfdo iudphzrun iru olqjxlvwlf glyhuvlwb
edvhg xsrq uhvshfw, kduprqlrxv frhalvwhqfh dqg pxwxdo
ehqhilw.
SUHOLPLQDUB WLWOH Frqfhswv
Duwlfoh 1
1. Wklv Ghfodudwlrq frqvlghuv dv d odqjxdjh frppxqlwb dqb
kxpdq vrflhwb hvwdeolvkhg klvwrulfdoob lq d sduwlfxodu
whuulwruldo vsdfh, zkhwkhu wklv vsdfh eh uhfrjqlchg ru
qrw, zklfk lghqwlilhv lwvhoi dv d shrsoh dqg kdv
ghyhorshg d frpprq odqjxdjh dv d qdwxudo phdqv ri
frppxqlfdwlrq dqg fxowxudo frkhvlrq dprqj lwv
phpehuv. Wkh whup odqjxdjh surshu wr d whuulwrub uhihuv
wr wkh odqjxdjh ri wkh frppxqlwb klvwrulfdoob hvwdeolvkhg
lq vxfk d vsdfh.
2. Wklv Ghfodudwlrq wdnhv dv lwv srlqw ri ghsduwxuh wkh
sulqflsoh wkdw olqjxlvwlf uljkwv duh lqglylgxdo dqg
froohfwlyh dw rqh dqg wkh vdph wlph. Lq ghilqlqj wkh ixoo
udqjh ri olqjxlvwlf uljkwv, lw dgrswv dv lwv uhihuhqw wkh
fdvh ri d klvwrulfdo odqjxdjh frppxqlwb zlwklq lwv rzq
whuulwruldo vsdfh, wklv vsdfh ehlqj xqghuvwrrg, qrw rqob
dv wkh jhrjudsklfdo duhd zkhuh wkh frppxqlwb olyhv, exw
dovr dv wkh vrfldo dqg ixqfwlrqdo vsdfh ylwdo wr wkh ixoo
ghyhorsphqw ri wkh odqjxdjh. Rqob rq wklv edvlv lv lw
srvvleoh wr ghilqh wkh uljkwv ri wkh odqjxdjh jurxsv
phqwlrqhg lq srlqw 5 ri wkh suhvhqw duwlfoh, dqg wkrvh ri
lqglylgxdov olylqj rxwvlgh wkh whuulwrub ri wkhlu
frppxqlwb, lq whupv ri d judgdwlrq ru frqwlqxxp.
3. Iru wkh sxusrvh ri wklv Ghfodudwlrq, jurxsv duh dovr
ghhphg wr eh lq wkhlu rzq whuulwrub dqg wr ehorqj wr d
odqjxdjh frppxqlwb lq wkh iroorzlqj flufxpvwdqfhv:
l. zkhq wkhb duh vhsdudwhg iurp wkh pdlq ergb ri wkhlu
frppxqlwb eb srolwlfdo ru dgplqlvwudwlyh erxqgdulhv;
ll. zkhq wkhb kdyh ehhq klvwrulfdoob hvwdeolvkhg lq d vpdoo
jhrjudsklfdo duhd vxuurxqghg eb phpehuv ri rwkhuodqjxdjh
frppxqlwlhv; ru
lll. zkhq wkhb duh hvwdeolvkhg lq d jhrjudsklfdo duhd zklfk
wkhb vkduh zlwk wkh phpehuv ri rwkhu odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv
zlwk vlplodu klvwrulfdo dqwhfhghqwv.
4. Wklv Ghfodudwlrq dovr frqvlghuv qrpdg shrsohv zlwklq
wkhlu duhdv ri pljudwlrq dqg shrsohv hvwdeolvkhg lq
jhrjudsklfdoob glvshuvhg orfdwlrqv dv odqjxdjh
frppxqlwlhv lq wkhlu rzq klvwrulfdo whuulwrub.
5. Wklv Ghfodudwlrq frqvlghuv dv d odqjxdjh jurxs dqb jurxs
ri shuvrqv vkdulqj wkh vdph odqjxdjh zklfk lv hvwdeolvkhg
lq wkh whuulwruldo vsdfh ri dqrwkhu odqjxdjh frppxqlwb
exw zklfk grhv qrw srvvhvv klvwrulfdo dqwhfhghqwv
htxlydohqw wr wkrvh ri wkdw frppxqlwb. Hadpsohv ri vxfk
jurxsv duh lppljudqwv, uhixjhhv, ghsruwhg shuvrqv dqg
phpehuv ri gldvsrudv.
Duwlfoh 2
1. Wklv Ghfodudwlrq frqvlghuv wkdw, zkhqhyhu ydulrxv
odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv dqg jurxsv vkduh wkh vdph whuulwrub,
wkh uljkwv irupxodwhg lq wklv Ghfodudwlrq pxvw eh
hahuflvhg rq d edvlv ri pxwxdo uhvshfw dqg lq vxfk d zdb
wkdw ghprfudfb pdb eh jxdudqwhhg wr wkh juhdwhvw srvvleoh
hawhqw.
2. Lq wkh txhvw iru d vdwlvidfwrub vrflrolqjxlvwlf edodqfh,
wkdw lv, lq rughu wr hvwdeolvk wkh dssursuldwh
duwlfxodwlrq ehwzhhq wkh uhvshfwlyh uljkwv ri vxfk
odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv dqg jurxsv dqg wkh shuvrqv ehorqjlqj
wr wkhp, ydulrxv idfwruv, ehvlghv wkhlu uhvshfwlyh
klvwrulfdo dqwhfhghqwv lq wkh whuulwrub dqg wkhlu
ghprfudwlfdoob hasuhvvhg zloo, pxvw eh wdnhq lqwr
dffrxqw. Vxfk idfwruv, zklfk pdb fdoo iru frpshqvdwrub
wuhdwphqw dlphg dw uhvwrulqj d edodqfh, lqfoxgh wkh
frhuflyh qdwxuh ri wkh pljudwlrqv zklfk kdyh ohg wr wkh
frhalvwhqfh ri wkh gliihuhqw frppxqlwlhv dqg jurxsv, dqg
wkhlu ghjuhh ri srolwlfdo, vrflrhfrqrplf dqg fxowxudo
yxoqhudelolwb.
Duwlfoh 3
1. Wklv Ghfodudwlrq frqvlghuv wkh iroorzlqj wr eh
lqdolhqdeoh shuvrqdo uljkwv zklfk pdb eh hahuflvhg lq dqb
vlwxdwlrq:
wkh uljkw wr eh uhfrjqlchg dv d phpehu ri d odqjxdjh
frppxqlwb;
wkh uljkw wr wkh xvh ri rqh'v rzq odqjxdjh erwk lq sulydwh
dqg lq sxeolf;
wkh uljkw wr wkh xvh ri rqh'v rzq qdph;
wkh uljkw wr lqwhuuhodwh dqg dvvrfldwh zlwk rwkhu phpehuv ri
rqh'v odqjxdjh frppxqlwb ri ruljlq;
wkh uljkw wr pdlqwdlq dqg ghyhors rqh'v rzq fxowxuh;
dqg doo wkh rwkhu uljkwv uhodwhg wr odqjxdjh zklfk duh
uhfrjqlchg lq wkh Lqwhuqdwlrqdo Fryhqdqw rq Flylo dqg
Srolwlfdo Uljkwv ri 16 Ghfhpehu 1966 dqg wkh Lqwhuqdwlrqdo
Fryhqdqw rq Hfrqrplf, Vrfldo dqg Fxowxudo Uljkwv ri wkh vdph
gdwh.
2. Wklv Ghfodudwlrq frqvlghuv wkdw wkh froohfwlyh uljkwv ri
odqjxdjh jurxsv pdb lqfoxgh wkh iroorzlqj, lq dgglwlrq wr
wkh uljkwv dwwulexwhg wr wkh phpehuv ri odqjxdjh jurxsv
lq wkh iruhjrlqj sdudjudsk, dqg lq dffrugdqfh zlwk wkh
frqglwlrqv odlg grzq lq duwlfoh 2.2:
wkh uljkw iru wkhlu rzq odqjxdjh dqg fxowxuh wr eh wdxjkw;
wkh uljkw ri dffhvv wr fxowxudo vhuylfhv;
wkh uljkw wr dq htxlwdeoh suhvhqfh ri wkhlu odqjxdjh dqg
fxowxuh lq wkh frppxqlfdwlrqv phgld;
wkh uljkw wr uhfhlyh dwwhqwlrq lq wkhlu rzq odqjxdjh iurp
jryhuqphqw erglhv dqg lq vrflrhfrqrplf uhodwlrqv.
3. Wkh diruhphqwlrqhg uljkwv ri shuvrqv dqg odqjxdjh jurxsv
pxvw lq qr zdb klqghu wkh lqwhuuhodwlrq ri vxfk shuvrqv
ru jurxsv zlwk wkh krvw odqjxdjh frppxqlwb ru wkhlu
lqwhjudwlrq lqwr wkdw frppxqlwb. Qru pxvw wkhb uhvwulfw
wkh uljkwv ri wkh krvw frppxqlwb ru lwv phpehuv wr wkh
ixoo sxeolf xvh ri wkh frppxqlwb'v rzq odqjxdjh
wkurxjkrxw lwv whuulwruldo vsdfh.
Duwlfoh 4
1. Wklv Ghfodudwlrq frqvlghuv wkdw shuvrqv zkr pryh wr dqg
vhwwoh lq wkh whuulwrub ri dqrwkhu odqjxdjh frppxqlwb
kdyh wkh uljkw dqg wkh gxwb wr pdlqwdlq dq dwwlwxgh ri
lqwhjudwlrq wrzdugv wklv frppxqlwb. Wklv whup lv
xqghuvwrrg wr phdq dq dgglwlrqdo vrfldolcdwlrq ri vxfk
shuvrqv lq vxfk d zdb wkdw wkhb pdb suhvhuyh wkhlu
ruljlqdo fxowxudo fkdudfwhulvwlfv zkloh vkdulqj zlwk wkh
vrflhwb lq zklfk wkhb kdyh vhwwohg vxiilflhqw uhihuhqfhv,
ydoxhv dqg irupv ri ehkdylrxu wr hqdeoh wkhp wr ixqfwlrq
vrfldoob zlwkrxw juhdwhu gliilfxowlhv wkdq wkrvh
hashulhqfhg eb phpehuv ri wkh krvw frppxqlwb.
2. Wklv Ghfodudwlrq frqvlghuv, rq wkh rwkhu kdqg, wkdw
dvvlplodwlrq, d whup zklfk lv xqghuvwrrg wr phdq
dffxowxudwlrq lq wkh krvw vrflhwb, lq vxfk d zdb wkdw wkh
ruljlqdo fxowxudo fkdudfwhulvwlfv duh uhsodfhg eb wkh
uhihuhqfhv, ydoxhv dqg irupv ri ehkdylrxu ri wkh krvw
vrflhwb, pxvw rq qr dffrxqw eh irufhg ru lqgxfhg dqg fdq
rqob eh wkh uhvxow ri dq hqwluhob iuhh fkrlfh.
Duwlfoh 5
Wklv Ghfodudwlrq lv edvhg rq wkh sulqflsoh wkdw wkh uljkwv
ri doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh htxdo dqg lqghshqghqw ri wkh
ohjdo ru srolwlfdo vwdwxv ri wkhlu odqjxdjhv dv riilfldo,
uhjlrqdo ru plqrulwb odqjxdjhv. Whupv vxfk dv uhjlrqdo ru
plqrulwb odqjxdjhv duh qrw xvhg lq wklv Ghfodudwlrq ehfdxvh,
wkrxjk lq fhuwdlq fdvhv wkh uhfrjqlwlrq ri uhjlrqdo ru
plqrulwb odqjxdjhv fdq idflolwdwh wkh hahuflvh ri fhuwdlq
uljkwv, wkhvh dqg rwkhu prglilhuv duh iuhtxhqwob xvhg wr
uhvwulfw wkh uljkwv ri odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv.
Duwlfoh 6
Wklv Ghfodudwlrq frqvlghuv wkdw d odqjxdjh fdqqrw eh
frqvlghuhg surshu wr d whuulwrub phuhob rq wkh jurxqgv wkdw
lw lv wkh riilfldo odqjxdjh ri wkh vwdwh ru kdv ehhq
wudglwlrqdoob xvhg zlwklq wkh whuulwrub iru dgplqlvwudwlyh
sxusrvhv ru iru fhuwdlq fxowxudo dfwlylwlhv.
WLWOH RQH Jhqhudo Sulqflsohv
Duwlfoh 7
1. Doo odqjxdjhv duh wkh hasuhvvlrq ri d froohfwlyh lghqwlwb
dqg ri d glvwlqfw zdb ri shufhlylqj dqg ghvfulelqj
uhdolwb dqg pxvw wkhuhiruh eh deoh wr hqmrb wkh
frqglwlrqv uhtxluhg iru wkhlu ghyhorsphqw lq doo
ixqfwlrqv.
2. Doo odqjxdjhv duh froohfwlyhob frqvwlwxwhg dqg duh pdgh
dydlodeoh zlwklq d frppxqlwb iru lqglylgxdo xvh dv wrrov
ri frkhvlrq, lghqwlilfdwlrq, frppxqlfdwlrq dqg fuhdwlyh
hasuhvvlrq.
Duwlfoh 8
1. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr rujdqlch dqg
pdqdjh wkhlu rzq uhvrxufhv vr dv wr hqvxuh wkh xvh ri
wkhlu odqjxdjh lq doo ixqfwlrqv zlwklq vrflhwb.
2. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr kdyh dw wkhlu
glvsrvdo zkdwhyhu phdqv duh qhfhvvdub wr hqvxuh wkh
wudqvplvvlrq dqg frqwlqxlwb ri wkhlu odqjxdjh.
Duwlfoh 9
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr frglib,
vwdqgduglch, suhvhuyh, ghyhors dqg surprwh wkhlu olqjxlvwlf
vbvwhp, zlwkrxw lqgxfhg ru irufhg lqwhuihuhqfh.
Duwlfoh 10
1. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh htxdo uljkwv.
2. Wklv Ghfodudwlrq frqvlghuv glvfulplqdwlrq djdlqvw
odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv wr eh lqdgplvvleoh, zkhwkhu lw eh
edvhg rq wkhlu ghjuhh ri srolwlfdo vryhuhljqwb, wkhlu
vlwxdwlrq ghilqhg lq vrfldo, hfrqrplf ru rwkhu whupv, wkh
hawhqw wr zklfk wkhlu odqjxdjhv kdyh ehhq frglilhg,
xsgdwhg prghuqlchg, ru ru rq dqb rwkhu fulwhulrq.
3. Doo qhfhvvdub vwhsv pxvw eh wdnhq lq rughu wr lpsohphqw
wklv sulqflsoh ri htxdolwb dqg wr uhqghu lw hiihfwlyh.
Duwlfoh 11
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr kdyh dw wkhlu
glvsrvdo zkdwhyhu phdqv ri wudqvodwlrq lqwr dqg iurp rwkhu
odqjxdjhv duh qhhghg wr jxdudqwhh wkh hahuflvh ri wkh uljkwv
frqwdlqhg lq wklv Ghfodudwlrq.
Duwlfoh 12
1. Hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw wr fduub rxw doo dfwlylwlhv lq wkh
sxeolf vskhuh lq klv/khu odqjxdjh, surylghg lw lv wkh
odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh whuulwrub zkhuh v/kh uhvlghv.
2. Hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw wr xvh klv/khu odqjxdjh lq wkh
shuvrqdo dqg idplob vskhuh.
Duwlfoh 13
1. Hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw wr dftxluh nqrzohgjh ri wkh
odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh whuulwrub lq zklfk v/kh olyhv.
2. Hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw wr eh srobjorw dqg wr nqrz dqg xvh
wkh odqjxdjh prvw frqgxflyh wr klv/khu shuvrqdo
ghyhorsphqw ru vrfldo prelolwb, zlwkrxw suhmxglfh wr wkh
jxdudqwhhv hvwdeolvkhg lq wklv Ghfodudwlrq iru wkh sxeolf
xvh ri wkh odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh whuulwrub.
Duwlfoh 14
Wkh surylvlrqv ri wklv Ghfodudwlrq fdqqrw eh lqwhusuhwhg ru
xvhg wr wkh ghwulphqw ri dqb qrup ru sudfwlfh ghulylqj iurp
wkh lqwhuqdo ru lqwhuqdwlrqdo vwdwxv ri d odqjxdjh zklfk lv
pruh idyrxudeoh wr lwv xvh zlwklq wkh whuulwrub wr zklfk lw
lv surshu.
VHFRQG WLWOH Ryhudoo olqjxlvwlf ujlph
Vhfwlrq L Sxeolf dgplqlvwudwlrq dqg riilfldo erglhv
Duwlfoh 15
1. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr wkh riilfldo xvh
ri wkhlu odqjxdjh zlwklq wkhlu whuulwrub.
2. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw iru ohjdo dqg
dgplqlvwudwlyh dfwv, sxeolf dqg sulydwh grfxphqwv dqg
uhfrugv lq sxeolf uhjlvwhuv zklfk duh gudzq xs lq wkh
odqjxdjh ri wkh whuulwrub wr eh ydolg dqg hiihfwlyh dqg
qr rqh fdq doohjh ljqrudqfh ri wklv odqjxdjh.
Duwlfoh 16
Doo phpehuv ri d odqjxdjh frppxqlwb kdyh wkh uljkw wr
lqwhuuhodwh zlwk dqg uhfhlyh dwwhqwlrq iurp wkh sxeolf
dxwkrulwlhv lq wkhlu rzq odqjxdjh. Wklv uljkw dovr dssolhv
wr fhqwudo, whuulwruldo, orfdo dqg vxsudwhuulwruldo
glylvlrqv zklfk lqfoxgh wkh whuulwrub wr zklfk wkh odqjxdjh
lv surshu.
Duwlfoh 17
1. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr kdyh dw wkhlu
glvsrvdo dqg wr rewdlq lq wkhlu rzq odqjxdjh doo riilfldo
grfxphqwv shuwdlqlqj wr uhodwlrqv zklfk diihfw wkh
whuulwrub wr zklfk wkh odqjxdjh lv surshu, zkhwkhu vxfk
grfxphqwv eh lq sulqwhg, pdfklqh-uhdgdeoh ru dqb rwkhu
irup.
2. Irupv dqg vwdqgdug dgplqlvwudwlyh grfxphqwv, zkhwkhu lq
sulqwhg, pdfklqh-uhdgdeoh ru dqb rwkhu irup, pxvw eh pdgh
dydlodeoh dqg sodfhg dw wkh glvsrvdo ri wkh sxeolf lq doo
whuulwruldo odqjxdjhv eb wkh sxeolf dxwkrulwlhv wkurxjk
wkh vhuylfhv zklfk fryhu wkh whuulwrulhv wr zklfk hdfk
odqjxdjh lv surshu.
Duwlfoh 18
1. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw iru odzv dqg
rwkhu ohjdo surylvlrqv zklfk frqfhuq wkhp wr eh sxeolvkhg
lq wkh odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh whuulwrub.
2. Sxeolf dxwkrulwlhv zkr kdyh pruh wkdq rqh whuulwruldoob
klvwrulf odqjxdjh zlwklq wkhlu mxulvglfwlrq pxvw sxeolvk
doo odzv dqg rwkhu ohjdo surylvlrqv ri d jhqhudo qdwxuh
lq hdfk ri wkhvh odqjxdjhv, zkhwkhu ru qrw wkhlu vshdnhuv
xqghuvwdqg rwkhu odqjxdjhv.
Duwlfoh 19
1. Uhsuhvhqwdwlyh Dvvhpeolhv pxvw kdyh dv wkhlu riilfldo
odqjxdjh(v) wkh odqjxdjh(v) klvwrulfdoob vsrnhq lq wkh
whuulwrub wkhb uhsuhvhqw.
2. Wklv uljkw dovr dssolhv wr wkh odqjxdjhv ri wkh
frppxqlwlhv hvwdeolvkhg lq jhrjudsklfdoob glvshuvhg
orfdwlrqv uhihuuhg wr lq Duwlfoh 1, Sdudjudsk 4.
Duwlfoh 20
1. Hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw wr xvh wkh odqjxdjh klvwrulfdoob
vsrnhq lq d whuulwrub, erwk rudoob dqg lq zulwlqj, lq wkh
Frxuwv ri Mxvwlfh orfdwhg zlwklq wkdw whuulwrub. Wkh
Frxuwv ri Mxvwlfh pxvw xvh wkh odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh
whuulwrub lq wkhlu lqwhuqdo dfwlrqv dqg, li rq dffrxqw ri
wkh ohjdo vbvwhp lq irufh zlwklq wkh vwdwh, wkh
surfhhglqjv frqwlqxh hovhzkhuh, wkh xvh ri wkh ruljlqdo
odqjxdjh pxvw eh pdlqwdlqhg.
2. Hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw, lq doo fdvhv, wr eh wulhg lq d
odqjxdjh zklfk v/kh xqghuvwdqgv dqg fdq vshdn dqg wr
rewdlq wkh vhuylfhv ri dq lqwhusuhwhu iuhh ri fkdujh.
Duwlfoh 21
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw iru uhfrugv lq
sxeolf uhjlvwhuv wr eh gudzq xs lq wkh odqjxdjh surshu wr
wkh whuulwrub.
Duwlfoh 22
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw iru grfxphqwv
dxwkhqwlfdwhg eb qrwdulhv sxeolf ru fhuwlilhg eb rwkhu
dxwkrulchg sxeolf vhuydqwv wr eh gudzq xs lq wkh odqjxdjh
surshu wr wkh whuulwrub zkhuh wkh qrwdub ru rwkhu dxwkrulchg
sxeolf vhuydqw shuirupv klv/khu ixqfwlrqv.
Vhfwlrq LL Hgxfdwlrq
Duwlfoh 23
1. Hgxfdwlrq pxvw khos wr irvwhu wkh fdsdflwb iru olqjxlvwlf
dqg fxowxudo vhoi-hasuhvvlrq ri wkh odqjxdjh frppxqlwb ri
wkh whuulwrub zkhuh lw lv surylghg.
2. Hgxfdwlrq pxvw khos wr pdlqwdlq dqg ghyhors wkh odqjxdjh
vsrnhq eb wkh odqjxdjh frppxqlwb ri wkh whuulwrub zkhuh
lw lv surylghg.
3. Hgxfdwlrq pxvw dozdbv eh dw wkh vhuylfh ri olqjxlvwlf dqg
fxowxudo glyhuvlwb dqg ri kduprqlrxv uhodwlrqv ehwzhhq
gliihuhqw odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv wkurxjkrxw wkh zruog.
4. Zlwklq wkh frqwhaw ri wkh iruhjrlqj sulqflsohv, hyhubrqh
kdv wkh uljkw wr ohduq dqb odqjxdjh.
Duwlfoh 24
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr ghflgh wr zkdw
hawhqw wkhlu odqjxdjh lv wr eh suhvhqw, dv d yhklfxodu
odqjxdjh dqg dv dq remhfw ri vwxgb, dw doo ohyhov ri
hgxfdwlrq zlwklq wkhlu whuulwrub: suhvfkrro, sulpdub,
vhfrqgdub, whfkqlfdo dqg yrfdwlrqdo, xqlyhuvlwb, dqg dgxow
hgxfdwlrq.
Duwlfoh 25
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr kdyh dw wkhlu
glvsrvdo doo wkh kxpdq dqg pdwhuldo uhvrxufhv qhfhvvdub wr
hqvxuh wkdw wkhlu odqjxdjh lv suhvhqw wr wkh hawhqw wkhb
ghvluh dw doo ohyhov ri hgxfdwlrq zlwklq wkhlu whuulwrub:
surshuob wudlqhg whdfkhuv, dssursuldwh whdfklqj phwkrgv,
whaw errnv, ilqdqfh, exloglqjv dqg htxlsphqw, wudglwlrqdo
dqg lqqrydwlyh whfkqrorjb.
Duwlfoh 26
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr dq hgxfdwlrq zklfk
zloo hqdeoh wkhlu phpehuv wr dftxluh d ixoo frppdqg ri wkhlu
rzq odqjxdjh, lqfoxglqj wkh gliihuhqw delolwlhv uhodwlqj wr
doo wkh xvxdo vskhuhv ri xvh, dv zhoo dv wkh prvw hawhqvlyh
srvvleoh frppdqg ri dqb rwkhu odqjxdjh wkhb pdb zlvk wr
nqrz.
Duwlfoh 27
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr dq hgxfdwlrq zklfk
zloo hqdeoh wkhlu phpehuv wr dftxluh nqrzohgjh ri dqb
odqjxdjhv uhodwhg wr wkhlu rzq fxowxudo wudglwlrq, vxfk dv
olwhudub ru vdfuhg odqjxdjhv zklfk zhuh iruphuob kdelwxdo
odqjxdjhv ri wkh frppxqlwb.
Duwlfoh 28
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr dq hgxfdwlrq zklfk
zloo hqdeoh wkhlu phpehuv wr dftxluh d wkrurxjk nqrzohgjh ri
wkhlu fxowxudo khulwdjh (klvwrub, jhrjudskb, olwhudwxuh, dqg
rwkhu pdqlihvwdwlrqv ri wkhlu rzq fxowxuh), dv zhoo dv wkh
prvw hawhqvlyh srvvleoh nqrzohgjh ri dqb rwkhu fxowxuh wkhb
pdb zlvk wr nqrz.
Duwlfoh 29
1. Hyhubrqh lv hqwlwohg wr uhfhlyh dq hgxfdwlrq lq wkh
odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh whuulwrub zkhuh v/kh uhvlghv.
2. Wklv uljkw grhv qrw hafoxgh wkh uljkw wr dftxluh rudo dqg
zulwwhq nqrzohgjh ri dqb odqjxdjh zklfk pdb eh ri xvh wr
klp/khu dv dq lqvwuxphqw ri frppxqlfdwlrq zlwk rwkhu
odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv.
Duwlfoh 30
Wkh odqjxdjh dqg fxowxuh ri doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv pxvw eh
wkh vxemhfw ri vwxgb dqg uhvhdufk dw xqlyhuvlwb ohyho.
Vhfwlrq LLL Surshu qdphv
Duwlfoh 31
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr suhvhuyh dqg xvh
wkhlu rzq vbvwhp ri surshu qdphv lq doo vskhuhv dqg rq doo
rffdvlrqv.
Duwlfoh 32
1. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr xvh sodfh
qdphv lq wkh odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh whuulwrub, erwk
rudoob dqg lq zulwlqj, lq wkh sulydwh, sxeolf dqg
riilfldo vskhuhv.
2. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr hvwdeolvk,
suhvhuyh dqg uhylvh dxwrfkwkrqrxv sodfh qdphv. Vxfk sodfh
qdphv fdqqrw eh duelwudulob derolvkhg, glvwruwhg ru
dgdswhg, qru fdq wkhb eh uhsodfhg li fkdqjhv lq wkh
srolwlfdo vlwxdwlrq, ru fkdqjhv ri dqb rwkhu wbsh, rffxu.
Duwlfoh 33
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr uhihu wr
wkhpvhoyhv eb wkh qdph xvhg lq wkhlu rzq odqjxdjh. Dqb
wudqvodwlrq lqwr rwkhu odqjxdjhv pxvw dyrlg dpeljxrxv ru
shmrudwlyh ghqrplqdwlrqv.
Duwlfoh 34
Hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw wr wkh xvh ri klv/khu rzq qdph lq
klv/khu rzq odqjxdjh lq doo vskhuhv, dv zhoo dv wkh uljkw,
rqob zkhq qhfhvvdub, wr wkh prvw dffxudwh srvvleoh skrqhwlf
wudqvfulswlrq ri klv/khu qdph lq dqrwkhu zulwlqj vbvwhp.
Vhfwlrq LY Frppxqlfdwlrqv phgld dqg qhz whfkqrorjlhv
Duwlfoh 35
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr ghflgh wkh hawhqw
wr zklfk wkhlu odqjxdjh lv eh suhvhqw lq wkh frppxqlfdwlrqv
phgld lq wkhlu whuulwrub, zkhwkhu orfdo dqg wudglwlrqdo
phgld, wkrvh zlwk d zlghu vfrsh, ru wkrvh xvlqj pruh
dgydqfhg whfkqrorjb, uhjdugohvv ri wkh phwkrg ri
glvvhplqdwlrq ru wudqvplvvlrq hpsorbhg.
Duwlfoh 36
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr kdyh dw wkhlu
glvsrvdo doo wkh kxpdq dqg pdwhuldo uhvrxufhv uhtxluhg lq
rughu wr hqvxuh wkh ghvluhg ghjuhh ri suhvhqfh ri wkhlu
odqjxdjh dqg wkh ghvluhg ghjuhh ri fxowxudo vhoi-hasuhvvlrq
lq wkh frppxqlfdwlrqv phgld lq wkhlu whuulwrub: surshuob
wudlqhg shuvrqqho, ilqdqfh, exloglqjv dqg htxlsphqw,
wudglwlrqdo dqg lqqrydwlyh whfkqrorjb.
Duwlfoh 37
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr uhfhlyh, wkurxjk
wkh frppxqlfdwlrqv phgld, d wkrurxjk nqrzohgjh ri wkhlu
fxowxudo khulwdjh (klvwrub, jhrjudskb, olwhudwxuh dqg rwkhu
pdqlihvwdwlrqv ri wkhlu rzq fxowxuh), dv zhoo dv wkh
juhdwhvw srvvleoh dprxqw ri lqirupdwlrq derxw dqb rwkhu
fxowxuh wkhlu phpehuv pdb zlvk wr nqrz.
Duwlfoh 38
Wkh odqjxdjhv dqg fxowxuhv ri doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv pxvw
uhfhlyh htxlwdeoh dqg qrq-glvfulplqdwrub wuhdwphqw lq wkh
frppxqlfdwlrqv phgld wkurxjkrxw wkh zruog.
Duwlfoh 39
Wkh frppxqlwlhv ghvfulehg lq Duwlfoh 1, sdudjudskv 3 dqg 4,
ri wklv Ghfodudwlrq, dqg wkh jurxsv phqwlrqhg lq sdudjudsk 5
ri wkh vdph duwlfoh, duh hqwlwohg wr dq htxlwdeoh
uhsuhvhqwdwlrq ri wkhlu odqjxdjh lq wkh frppxqlfdwlrqv phgld
ri wkh whuulwrub zkhuh wkhb duh hvwdeolvkhg ru zkhuh wkhb
pljudwh. Wklv uljkw lv wr eh hahuflvhg lq kduprqb zlwk wkh
uljkwv ri wkh rwkhu odqjxdjh jurxsv ru frppxqlwlhv lq wkh
whuulwrub.
Duwlfoh 40
Lq wkh ilhog ri lqirupdwlrq whfkqrorjb, doo odqjxdjh
frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr kdyh dw wkhlu glvsrvdo htxlsphqw
dgdswhg wr wkhlu olqjxlvwlf vbvwhp dqg wrrov dqg surgxfwv lq
wkhlu odqjxdjh, vr dv wr ghulyh ixoo dgydqwdjh iurp wkh
srwhqwldo riihuhg eb vxfk whfkqrorjlhv iru vhoi-hasuhvvlrq,
hgxfdwlrq, frppxqlfdwlrq, sxeolfdwlrq, wudqvodwlrq dqg
lqirupdwlrq surfhvvlqj dqg wkh glvvhplqdwlrq ri fxowxuh lq
jhqhudo.
Vhfwlrq Y Fxowxuh
Duwlfoh 41
1. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr xvh, pdlqwdlq
dqg irvwhu wkhlu odqjxdjh lq doo irupv ri fxowxudo
hasuhvvlrq.
2. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv pxvw eh deoh wr hahuflvh wklv
uljkw wr wkh ixoo zlwkrxw dqb frppxqlwb'v vsdfh ehlqj
vxemhfwhg wr khjhprqlf rffxsdwlrq eb d iruhljq fxowxuh.
Duwlfoh 42
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr ixoo ghyhorsphqw
zlwklq wkhlu rzq fxowxudo vskhuh.
Duwlfoh 43
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr dffhvv wr wkh zrunv
surgxfhg lq wkhlu odqjxdjh.
Duwlfoh 44
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv duh hqwlwohg wr dffhvv wr
lqwhufxowxudo surjudpphv, wkurxjk wkh glvvhplqdwlrq ri
dghtxdwh lqirupdwlrq, dqg wr vxssruw iru dfwlylwlhv vxfk dv
whdfklqj wkh odqjxdjh wr iruhljqhuv, wudqvodwlrq, gxeelqj,
srvw-vbqfkurqlcdwlrq dqg vxewlwolqj.
Duwlfoh 45
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw iru wkh odqjxdjh
surshu wr wkh whuulwrub wr rffxsb d suh-hplqhqw srvlwlrq lq
fxowxudo hyhqwv dqg vhuylfhv (oleudulhv, ylghrwktxhv,
flqhpdv, wkhdwuhv, pxvhxpv, dufklyhv, ironoruh, fxowxudo
lqgxvwulhv, dqg doo rwkhu pdqlihvwdwlrqv ri fxowxudo olih).
Duwlfoh 46
Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr suhvhuyh wkhlu
olqjxlvwlf dqg fxowxudo khulwdjh, lqfoxglqj lwv pdwhuldo
pdqlihvwdwlrqv, vxfk dv froohfwlrqv ri grfxphqwv, zrunv ri
duw dqg dufklwhfwxuh, klvwrulf exloglqjv dqg lqvfulswlrqv lq
wkhlu rzq odqjxdjh.
Vhfwlrq YL Wkh vrflrhfrqrplf vskhuh
Duwlfoh 47
1. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw wr hvwdeolvk wkh
xvh ri wkhlu odqjxdjh lq doo vrflrhfrqrplf dfwlylwlhv
zlwklq wkhlu whuulwrub.
2. Doo phpehuv ri d odqjxdjh frppxqlwb duh hqwlwohg wr kdyh
dw wkhlu glvsrvdo, lq wkhlu rzq odqjxdjh, doo wkh phdqv
qhfhvvdub iru wkh shuirupdqfh ri wkhlu surihvvlrqdo
dfwlylwlhv, vxfk dv grfxphqwv dqg zrunv ri uhihuhqfh,
lqvwuxfwlrqv, irupv, dqg frpsxwhu htxlsphqw, wrrov dqg
surgxfwv.
3. Wkh xvh ri rwkhu odqjxdjhv lq wklv vskhuh fdq rqob eh
uhtxluhg lq vr idu dv lw lv mxvwlilhg eb wkh qdwxuh ri
wkh surihvvlrqdo dfwlylwb lqyroyhg. Lq qr fdvh fdq d pruh
uhfhqwob duulyhg odqjxdjh uhohjdwh ru vxshuvhgh wkh xvh
ri wkh odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh whuulwrub.
Duwlfoh 48
1. Zlwklq wkh whuulwrub ri klv/khu odqjxdjh frppxqlwb,
hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw wr xvh klv/khu rzq odqjxdjh zlwk
ixoo ohjdo ydolglwb lq hfrqrplf wudqvdfwlrqv ri doo
wbshv, vxfk dv wkh vdoh dqg sxufkdvh ri jrrgv dqg
vhuylfhv, edqnlqj, lqvxudqfh, mre frqwudfwv dqg rwkhuv.
2. Qr fodxvh lq vxfk sulydwh dfwv fdq hafoxgh ru uhvwulfw
wkh xvh ri wkh odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh whuulwrub.
3. Zlwklq wkh whuulwrub ri klv/khu odqjxdjh frppxqlwb,
hyhubrqh lv hqwlwohg wr kdyh wkh grfxphqwv uhtxluhg iru
wkh deryh-phqwlrqhg rshudwlrqv dw klv/khu glvsrvdo lq
klv/khu rzq odqjxdjh. Vxfk grfxphqwv lqfoxgh irupv,
fkhtxhv, frqwudfwv, lqyrlfhv, uhfhlswv, gholyhub qrwhv,
rughu irupv, dqg rwkhuv.
Duwlfoh 49
Zlwklq wkh whuulwrub ri klv/khu odqjxdjh frppxqlwb, hyhubrqh
kdv wkh uljkw wr xvh klv/khu rzq odqjxdjh lq doo wbshv ri
vrflrhfrqrplf rujdqlcdwlrqv vxfk dv oderxu dqg xqlrq
rujdqlcdwlrqv, dqg hpsorbhuv', surihvvlrqdo, wudgh dqg fudiw
dvvrfldwlrqv.
Duwlfoh 50
1. Doo odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv kdyh wkh uljkw iru wkhlu
odqjxdjh wr rffxsb d suh-hplqhqw sodfh lq dgyhuwlvlqj,
vljqv, hawhuqdo vljqsrvwlqj, dqg lq wkh lpdjh ri wkh
frxqwub dv d zkroh.
2. Zlwklq wkh whuulwrub ri klv/khu odqjxdjh frppxqlwb,
hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw wr uhfhlyh ixoo rudo dqg zulwwhq
lqirupdwlrq lq klv/khu rzq odqjxdjh rq wkh surgxfwv dqg
vhuylfhv sursrvhg eb frpphufldo hvwdeolvkphqwv, vxfk dv
lqvwuxfwlrqv iru xvh, odehov, olvwv ri lqjuhglhqwv,
dgyhuwlvlqj, jxdudqwhhv dqg rwkhuv
3. Doo sxeolf lqglfdwlrqv diihfwlqj wkh vdihwb ri shuvrqv
pxvw eh hasuhvvhg dw ohdvw lq wkh odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh
whuulwrub, lq frqglwlrqv zklfk duh qrw lqihulru wr wkrvh
ri dqb rwkhu odqjxdjh.
Duwlfoh 51
1. Hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw wr xvh wkh odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh
whuulwrub lq klv/khu uhodwlrqv zlwk ilupv, frpphufldo
hvwdeolvkphqwv dqg sulydwh erglhv dqg wr eh vhuyhg ru
uhfhlyh d uhsob lq wkh vdph odqjxdjh.
2. Hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw, dv d folhqw, fxvwrphu, frqvxphu
ru xvhu, wr uhfhlyh rudo dqg zulwwhq lqirupdwlrq lq wkh
odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh whuulwrub iurp hvwdeolvkphqwv rshq
wr wkh sxeolf.
Duwlfoh 52
Hyhubrqh kdv wkh uljkw wr fduub rxw klv/khu surihvvlrqdo
dfwlylwlhv lq wkh odqjxdjh surshu wr wkh whuulwrub xqohvv
wkh ixqfwlrqv lqkhuhqw wr wkh mre uhtxluh wkh xvh ri rwkhu
odqjxdjhv, dv lq wkh fdvh ri odqjxdjh whdfkhuv, wudqvodwruv
ru wrxulvw jxlghv.
DGGLWLRQDO GLVSRVLWLRQV
Iluvw
Wkh sxeolf dxwkrulwlhv pxvw wdnh doo dssursuldwh vwhsv wr
lpsohphqw wkh uljkwv surfodlphg lq wklv Ghfodudwlrq zlwklq
wkhlu uhvshfwlyh duhdv ri mxulvglfwlrq. Pruh vshflilfdoob,
lqwhuqdwlrqdo ixqgv pxvw eh vhw xs wr irvwhu wkh hahuflvh ri
Olqjxlvwlf Uljkwv lq frppxqlwlhv zklfk duh ghprvwudeob
odfnlqj lq uhvrxufhv. Wkxv wkh sxeolf dxwkrulwlhv pxvw
surylgh wkh qhfhvvdub vxssruw vr wkdw wkh odqjxdjhv ri wkh
ydulrxv frppxqlwlhv pdb eh frglilhg, wudqvfulehg, wdxjkw,
dqg xvhg lq wkh dgplqlvwudwlrq.
Vhfrqg
Wkh sxeolf dxwkrulwlhv pxvw hqvxuh wkdw wkh riildo erglhv,
rujdqlcdwlrqv dqg shuvrqv frqfhuqhg duh lqiruphg ri wkh
uljkwv dqg fruuhodwlyh gxwlhv dulvlqj iurp wklv Ghfodudwlrq.
Wklug
Wkh sxeolf dxwkrulwlhv pxvw hvwdeolvk, lq wkh oljkw ri
halvwlqj ohjlvodwlrq, wkh vdqfwlrqv wr eh dssolhg lq fdvhv
ri ylrodwlrq ri wkh olqjxlvwlf uljkwv odlg grzq lq wklv
Ghfodudwlrq.
ILQDO GLVSRVLWLRQV
Iluvw
Wklv Ghfodudwlrq sursrvhv wkh fuhdwlrq ri d Frxqflo ri
Odqjxdjhv zlwklq wkh Xqlwhg Qdwlrqv Rujdqlcdwlrq. Wkh
Jhqhudo Dvvhpeob ri wkh Xqlwhg Qdwlrqv Rujdqlcdwlrq lv wr eh
uhvsrqvleoh iru vhwwlqj xs wklv Frxqflo, ghilqlqj lwv
ixqfwlrqv dqg dssrlqwlqj lwv phpehuv, dqg iru fuhdwlqj d
ergb lq lqwhuqdwlrqdo odz wr surwhfw odqjxdjh frppxqlwlhv lq
wkh hahuflvh ri wkh uljkwv uhfrjqlchg lq wklv Ghfodudwlrq.
Vhfrqg
Wklv Ghfodudwlrq uhfrpphqgv dqg surprwhv wkh fuhdwlrq ri d
Zruog Frpplvvlrq rq Olqjxlvwlf Uljkwv, d qrq-riilfldo,
frqvxowdwlyh ergb pdgh xs ri uhsuhvhqwdwlyhv ri
qrq-jryhuqphqwdo rujdqlcdwlrqv dqg rwkhu rujdqlcdwlrqv
zrunlqj lq wkh ilhog ri olqjxlvwlf odz.
Edufhorqd, Mxqh 1996