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syllabus_atms320

Course: ATMS 320, Fall 2009
School: UNC Asheville
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INSTRUMENTS METEOROLOGICAL ATMS 320 FALL 2008 PURPOSE Observations provide the backbone for the science of meteorology. Regardless of your intended path in the atmospheric sciences, observations of the atmosphere will surely influence your career. So that you can properly interpret observations in your endeavors, you must understand the physics and limitations of common instrumentation. For example, predicting the...

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INSTRUMENTS METEOROLOGICAL ATMS 320 FALL 2008 PURPOSE Observations provide the backbone for the science of meteorology. Regardless of your intended path in the atmospheric sciences, observations of the atmosphere will surely influence your career. So that you can properly interpret observations in your endeavors, you must understand the physics and limitations of common instrumentation. For example, predicting the weather requires an accurate initial state of the atmosphere and land surface. What good scientist would trust a model forecast without understanding the quality of the observations ingested as initial conditions? Can a climatologist properly assess climate change without understanding the characteristics of historical instrumentation or how instruments and observing sites have changed over time? OBJECTIVE This course is intended to equip meteorology majors with an understanding of the concepts involved in making careful meteorological measurements and to provide you with a fundamental understanding of historical and modern instrumentation. You will learn about the limitations of instruments and how to interpret instrument specifications, and you will identify the major errors associated with measurement output. PROFESSOR Dr. Christopher Godfrey Office: Robinson Hall, room 231 Phone: 828-232-5160 E-mail: cgodfrey@unca.edu Office hours: 11 a.m. to noon Tuesday and Thursday, or by appointment. If my door is open at any other time, please drop in. CLASS INFORMATION Meeting times: MW 2:45-4:00 p.m. Location: Robinson Hall, room 238 Required text: Brock, F. V., and S. J. Richardson, 2001: Meteorological Measurement Systems. Oxford University Press, 290 pp. (ISBN: 0-19-513451-6) Website: http://facstaff.unca.edu/cgodfrey/courses/atms320/ GETTING QUESTIONS ANSWERED I will be in my office during scheduled office hours, but if at any other time you have a question and my office door is open, you are more than welcome to visit. Otherwise, e-mail is the best way to reach me. You may also schedule an appointment with me. Please don't hesitate to ask questions about class, other coursework, or the stresses of college life whenever the need arises. IMPORTANT DATES Wednesday, 24 September 2008 Monday, 10 November 2008 Wednesday, 10 December 2008 Exam I Exam II Final Exam* In class In class 3:00 - 5:30 p.m. *Out of fairness to all, those who are graduating this semester may not take the final exam at a different time. COURSE OUTLINE This course outline is approximate and subject to modifications. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Introduction to measurement systems and meteorological data collection Major modern measurement systems (Mesonet, ASOS, rawinsondes, etc.) Site selection Basic electronics Signal sampling Static performance characteristics Barometry Thermometry Dynamic performance characteristics Anemometry With available time, we will cover the following: 11. Precipitation measurement 12. Hygrometry 13. Radiation 14. Soil moisture 15. Electric field and lightning measurements 16. Quality assurance EVALUATION There will be two preliminary exams and a comprehensive final exam to assess your progress through the semester. The preliminary exams will take place during regular class meeting times. Several problem sets will strengthen your skills and reinforce the lecture and reading material. Some classes will also lab include exercises (I'll let you know about these at least one class in advance) so that you can play with some of the neat tools that we're studying. There will be no opportunities for make-up labs or exams. Exams must be taken, and labs completed, on the scheduled date. The only exceptions to this rule are: (1) serious medical condition (illness or injury) of you or an immediate family member; (2) University excused absence; (3) jury duty; or (4) military orders. Only in such instances will an item be dropped or rescheduled depending on your best interests, but only if I am notified at least 24 hours in advance. Except under the circumstances described above, homework is due at 5:00 p.m. on the scheduled due date. This will allow you to run home and get your completed assignment if you forgot it! I will accept homework up to 24 hours late (5:00 p.m. the following day) for a 50% late penalty. Homework more than 24 hours late will not be graded. In the event of an unforeseen circumstance that causes you to miss an exam, lab, or homework due date, you must notify me by phone or e-mail within 24 hours of the event. Appropriate documentation must accompany any excused absence and should be attached to a late homework assignment. ACCOMMODATIONS FOR BABY This fall is special for the Godfrey family because we are expecting a baby girl in late September! Consequently, I am taking a few weeks off after her birth to get to know her. I will do my best to keep the course on track and interesting with guest lecturers, lab exercises, and substitutes as needed. I appreciate your patience and flexibility. GRADING Preliminary Exams Labs Homework Assignments Final Exam 25% 25% 30% 20% I reserve the option to curve the final grades upward at my discretion. However, you are guaranteed at least the following based on your final score before applying any curve: A C 92.0% 72.0-77.9% AC90.0-91.9% 70.0-71.9% B+ D+ 88.0-89.9% 68.0-69.9% B D 82.0-87.9% 60.0-67.9% BF <60.0 80.0-81.9% C+ 78.0-79.9% Final gr...

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UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
An Overview of Measurement Systems and Data PresentationWhy automate weather observations?NWS WSR-88D updates every 6 minutes Satellite updates every 1530 minutes A standard human observation takes place every hour!Dr. Christopher M. Godfrey Uni
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
Atmospheric OpticsDr. Christopher M. Godfrey University of North Carolina AshevilleCrepuscular RaysDust, water droplets, and haze all scatter light from the sun after passing through breaks in the clouds Rays are parallel Perspective makes rays
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
Thermoelectric Laws and Thermocouple ApplicationsThermoelectric LawsLets consider what does and does not affect the operation of a thermocouple For example, must we account for the EMF created by another junction that connects the thermocouple to
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
HailWhat is hail?Hail is a ball or irregular clump of ice Hail is different from winter precipitation!Not sleet (raindrops that have frozen) Not freezing rain Not snow Not graupelHail forms only in convective processesHail cannot exist without
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
RadiationSolar (Shortwave) RadiationDr. Christopher M. Godfrey University of North Carolina Asheville ATMS 320 Fall 2008.with a tip of the hat to Petra Klein of the University of OklahomaATMS 320 Fall 2008What happens to solar radiation?
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
ThermistorsThermistorsA thermistor is a thermally sensitive semi-conductor whose resistance varies with temperature Semiconductor materials: Typically oxides ofManganese Cobalt Iron Nickel Copper UraniumTypically have a large negative temperatu
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
The General Circulation and El NioGlobal Circulation ModelAir flow broken up into 3 cells Easterlies in the tropics (trade winds) Westerlies in midlatitudes Flow converges near equator at the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)Dr. Christopher
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 179
What to Save From a Fire - TIMEhttp:/www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1675600,00.htmlFRIDAY, NOVEMBER 02, 2007HOMEU.S.WORLDBLOGSBUSINESS &amp; TECHHEALTH &amp; SCIENCEENTERTAINMENTMULTIMEDIAMAGAZINESPECIALSWhat to Save From
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
Climate and Climate ChangeWhats the difference between weather and climate?WeatherThe description of the short-term (minutes to days) variations in the atmosphere, mainly with respect to its effects upon life and human activitiesClimateThe slo
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
Dr. Christopher M. Godfrey University of North Carolina AshevillePressurePressure DefinitionsAbsoluteGaugeDifferentialAbsolute pressureTotal static pressure exerted by gas/fluid Barometric pressureGauge pressurePressure relative to at
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
TornadoesTornadoesA tornado is a violently rotating column of air in contact with the ground Tornadogenesis is the formation of a tornado A visible condensation funnel is NOT necessary to have a tornado However, just a funnel without a circulation
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 179
To Be or Not To BeWhat is one simple trick that you can do today to improve your writing?Try using fewer forms of the verb to be!Presented with help from Who's (.oops!) Whose Grammar Book Is This Anyway? by C. Edward GoodDr. Christopher M. God
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 179
WEATHER AND SOCIETY ATMS 179FALL 2008Welcome to UNCA and the beginning of your college career! This class is intended to start you off on the right foot by assisting you in making the transition to UNCA and a liberal arts environment. In addition t
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
The TropicsHurricanes: Formation Mechanisms, Forecasting, and Impacts in North CarolinaLocated 23 N to 23 STROPICSLarge amount of solar radiation Little seasonal variation Warm water tremendous latent heat source High relative humidity promote
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 179
SPC Mission StatementThe NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction CenterAdapted from a presentation to UNCA atmospheric science students by David ImySPC exists to protect life and property of the American people through the issuance of timely, accurate watch an
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
Meteorological Instruments ATMS 320 Fall 2008 Study Guide for Final ExamThe final exam will test your knowledge of thermometry, dynamic performance characteristics, exposure and atmospheric coupling, and anemometry, as well as fundamental topics fr
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
Mesoscale Convective SystemsMesoscale Convective SystemsDefinitionA system of thunderstorms that produces a contiguous horizontal precipitation area on the order of 100 km or more in at least one directionSpecial cases of mesoscale convective s
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 179
The TropicsHurricanes: Formation Mechanisms, Forecasting, and Impacts in North CarolinaLocated 23 N to 23 STROPICSLarge amount of solar radiation Little seasonal variation Warm water tremendous latent heat source High relative humidity promote
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
UNCA Precipitation ObservationsStation Name: Asheville 3.1 NNWStation Number: NC-BC-7County: BuncombeObserving Time: 7:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight/Standard TimePrecipitation Total (in)Month Day Year CoCoRaHS NWS Snowfall (in) Snow
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
Meteorological Instruments ATMS 320 Fall 2008 Study Guide for Exam IIThe second exam will test your knowledge of calibration, thermometry, barometry, and related concepts from the previous exam. Questions will ask you to describe, list, and identif
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
Introduction to MeteorologySpring 2009 Homework #2 Due 16 February 2009Name:Please show all of your work and write clearly. If I can't read your answer, I can't grade it. Include units in all equations and answers. Please ask for help if you need
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 455
Physical Meteorology ATMS 455 Spring 2009 Problem Set #2 Due: Thursday, 12 February 2009 1. (10 points) Calculate the depth of the atmosphere (Hd ) if the lapse rate of temperature throughout is dry adiabatic (i.e., = d = 9.8C/km) and the surface te
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
Introduction to Meteorology ATMS 103 Spring 2009 Study Guide for Exam IIThe following is not intended to be a comprehensive list of everything that may appear on the second exam, but I've tried to put together some questions that will guide you tow
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
Introduction to MeteorologySpring 2009 Homework #1 Due 2 February 2009Name:1. On the map above: a) Label the Rocky Mountains b) Label the Appalachian Mountains c) Label the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the Gulf of Mexico d) Label all of the Gr
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
AnemometryAnemometryFunction of an anemometer:Measure some or all of the components of the wind vector In homogeneous terrain, w is small express wind as 2-D horizontal vector For some applications, w is very important!Dr. Christopher M. Godfre
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
Introduction to MeteorologySpring 2009 Homework #4 Due 30 March 2009Name:Please show all of your work and write clearly. If I can't read your answer, I can't grade it. Include units in all equations and answers. Please ask for help if you need it
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
ATMS 320: Meteorological Instruments Site Survey Project Due: Monday, 3 November 2008 Total lab points: 300 As you learned in class, the most desirable landscape surrounding a proposed instrumentation site is an open area that is relatively large and
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 455
Cold Cloud MicrophysicsDr. Christopher M. Godfrey University of North Carolina AshevilleCold Cloud Microphysicshttp:/www.srh.weather.gov/mob/121103hole_punch/holepunch-main.htmlATMS 455: Physical Meteorology Spring 2009ATMS 455: Physical Me
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 455
Physical Meteorology ATMS 455 Spring 2009 Problem Set #5 Due: Tuesday, 14 April 2009 1. (25 points) Calculate the daily insolation on a horizontal surface at the Earth's surface in Asheville, NC on April 14, 2009. Assume that this is a clear, dry day
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 320
Meteorological Instruments ATMS 320 Fall 2008 Problem Set #1 Due: Wednesday, 3 September 2008 1. (40 points) Collect hourly METAR data from the city nearest to your hometown for the period 0000 UTC 23 August 2008 through 0000 UTC 28 August 2008. Usin
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 310
Evaluation Contract Grades In this class, a large portion of your grade will be determined by choices that you make. You will be evaluated by a grade contract that you will sign during the first week of class. This contract allows you to determine h
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 373
ATMS 373 Class Project IntroductionFor this project you will be reading, researching, and reaching an understanding of a professional paper that has been used as a source of material in this class. This activity has multiple benefits for you as a st
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 310
Balanced Flow Balance between the PGF and the CF [geostrophic]Balance between the centrifugal force and the PGF [cyclostrophic] DAILY DOUBLE The Rossby number would have this type of magnitude for cyclostrophic flow [very large] Of the gradient or
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 310
Math The rate of change of something at a fixed point is called this This is the difference between a scalar and a vectorForces This is one of the three fundamental forces The pressure gradient force in the xdirection is represented as this in Cart
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 310
ATMS 310 Homework and Exercise ExpectationsThe purpose of this document is to make you aware of what I expect from you when you complete exercises for this class. The following are general expectations: 1) Work should be neat and large enough to rea
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 310
ATMS 310 Atmospheric Kinematics and DynamicsSpring 2007Professor : Dr. Chris Hennon Office : RBH 236C Phone : 232-5159 Email : chennon@unca.edu Office Hours: TR 11:00 12:00, W 10:00 12:00 and by appointment Course DescriptionAtmospheric Dynamic
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 310
ATMS 310 Reading Summary GuidelinesThe purpose of this assignment is to inspire you to become an expert on one particular topic that we will cover in this class. You are to choose one 3-5 page passage from the class textbook (Holton) to read, learn,
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
ATMS 103 SAMPLE EXAM Name _ Section I - Multiple Choice / True-False (2 points each)Answer the following by circling the best answer. 1. The boundary between two air masses of different temperature and moisture characteristics is called a _. a. mid-
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
ATMS 103 Final Exam Review Sheet Spring 2008 Exam FormatThe final exam will be similar in format to the first two mid-terms but will be 50% longer (150 points vs. 100 points) and contain some ideas from the entire course. The first section will be
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 223
ATMS 223 Final Exam Review Sheet Exam FormatThe final exam will contain material from the entire course, broken down into these sections: 1) Definitions (New Material) 10 words x 1 point each = 10 points 2) Definitions (Old Material) 5 words x 1 p
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 473
ATMS 473 Peer Review Form (Introduction / Literature Review) Reviewer Name _ Title of Paper/Passage Reviewed _ __ Author of Paper/Passage Reviewed _Please fill out all sections below, providing comments when necessary. Attach additional sheets if n
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 310
VorticityVorticity the microscopic measure of rotation in a fluid, is a vector field defined as the curl of velocity. Basically the amount of spin or rotation an object has around an axis. The faster the spin the greater the vorticity. (i.e, tornad
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 350
ATMS 350Lab #6 Forecasting Winter Precipitation Type and Amount Due Wednesday, March 19 NAME _ANSWER KEY_ You are a forecaster at the Hennon Winter Storm Prediction Center (HWSPC) and you are very worried. Recent model runs show the potential for a
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 310
ATMS 310 Extratropical Systems This section serves as an introduction to the idea of quasi-geostrophic (QG) flow. QG is a fancy term for &quot;almost geostrophic&quot;. We will talk more about this later, but the advantage of using QG analysis is that it simpl
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 373
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 30, NO. 3, 1150, doi:10.1029/2002GL016365, 2003Typhoon Vamei: An equatorial tropical cyclone formationC.-P. Chang, Ching-Hwang Liu,1 and Hung-Chi Kuo2Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Montere
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 310
Conservation of Mass The Continuity EquationThe equations of motion describe the conservation of momentum in the atmosphere. We now turn our attention to another conservation principle, the conservation of mass. Mass cannot be created nor destroyed.
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 350
ATMS 350Lab #8 Forecasting Fog NAME _VERIFICATION_ Introduction Fog occurs when the air temperature (T) reaches the dew point (Td) at or very near the ground. There are several ways in which fog can arise. One of the more common types of fog in the
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
PrecipitationPrecipitation FormationReading: Pages 121-134ATMS 103 C.C. Hennon, UNC AshevilleATMS 103C.C. Hennon, UNC AshevilleCan Rain Be Produced By. Condensation? Cloud droplets form this way, condensing upon condensation nuclei Raind
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
Thunderstorms and TornadoesATMS 103C.C. Hennon, UNC AshevilleOutline Basics Air Mass Thunderstorms Characteristics Stages of development Severe Thunderstorms Features Gust fronts, down bursts, microbursts Supercell Thunderstorms Squa
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 223
Climatic Variability on Annual to Decade Time ScalesNorth Atlantic Oscillation (NAO sometimes called the Arctic Oscillation (AO)What is it? Meridional oscillation of mass between Icelandic region and Iberian Peninsula &quot;See saw&quot; of pressure Mos
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 223
General Circulation and ClimateOutline Atmosphere Energy Balance Energy Transport Zonal, Meridional Angular Momentum Balance Features of the General Circulation Types of ClimatesGeneral Circulation &quot;Global system of atmospheric motions dr
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
Observing the AtmosphereMeasuring Pressure Barometer Mercury barometers first developedAtmospheric Pressure forces mercury up tube measurement is taken- Height of mercury column = 29.92&quot; on average at sea leve Conversion from inches of Hg
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 373
Tropical Cyclone LifecycleOutline Tropical Cyclogenesis Environmental Conditions Theories CISK WISHE MCS Tropical Depression -&gt; Storm -&gt; Hurricane Dissipation Characterization of TCs (Phase Space)Tropical Cyclogenesis Transformation of
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 373
Observing the TropicsBuoys Two types Drifter Attached to sub-surface anchor (&quot;drogue&quot;) 15 meters below surface Drogue can measure mixed layer currents Floats freely on water surface Average lifespan is 400 days Weigh between 44 and 100 lbs.
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
General Circulation of the AtmospherePlanetary Scale WindsATMS 103 C.C. Hennon, UNC AshevillePreliminary Comments &quot;General Circulation&quot; refers to the average wind flow over a long period of time Many short term deviations from the average Pri
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 310
The Vorticity EquationATMS 310C.C. Hennon, UNC AshevilleVorticity Equation Describes what factors cause a change in the vorticity of a column of air Derived from the horizontal equations of motion I include friction, Holton does not Scale
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 223
Introduction to the Climate SystemAtmosphere Basics Composition Permanent Gases: Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (&lt;1%) Variable Gases: Water (0-4%), Carbon Dioxide (0.038%), Methane, Ozone Structure 4 layers determined by temperature chan
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 373
Tropical Cyclone ImpactsATMS 373C.C. Hennon, UNC AshevilleOutline Wind Saffir-Simpson scale Storm Surge SLOSH Tornadoes RainfallATMS 373C.C. Hennon, UNC AshevilleWind Caused by pressure gradient force The Saffir-Simpson Scale pr
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 103
Weather Analysis and ForecastingATMS 103C.C. Hennon, UNC AshevilleData Acquisition First step to creating a forecast World Meteorological Organization (WMO) oversees the collection of data from 178 member countries U.S. National Centers for
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 223
Hydrologic CycleMovement of water between ocean, land, and atmospherehttp:/www.epa.nsw.gov.au/soe/soe2000/bw/tfm/bw_fig_1.gifATMS 223C.C. Hennon, UNC AshevilleWater Storage in Earth System Oceans : 1348 x 106 km3 (97.39%) Ice : 227.8 x
UNC Asheville - ATMS - 373
Tropical OscillationsMadden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)ATMS 373C.C. Hennon, UNC AshevilleIntroduction MJO is an intraseasonal oscillation Longer than synoptic-scale (2-5 days), shorter than a season (~90 days) Generally have periods of 7-70 da