Study Questions GEOL 125: <a href="/keyword/earth-history/" >earth history</a> Guide #6 (F07) Dr. Hammond How do we determine relative ages of geologic units or structural events? What types of faults exist? How can you tell if a fault is normal or reverse? What types of stresses create normal and reverse faults? Draw cross sections illustrating the following: anticline, syncline, normal fault, reverse fault. Draw a map view of a right lateral fault. On what type of plate boundary is each type of fault expected (relates to upcoming plate tectonics lectures)? How can a fault be recognized in the field? Draw a picture of a normal fault, and indicate strike, and dip. What is a fault scarp? What types of <a href="/keyword/seismic-waves/" >seismic waves</a> exist? Which travel fastest? Which are most damaging? How many seismic stations does it take to determine the location of an earthquake? Why do earthquakes only originate in the upper 670 km? How do we use <a href="/keyword/seismic-waves/" >seismic waves</a> to define the crust, mantle, core, and low velocity zone? How do we know that the outer core is liquid? Compare the density, composition, and seismic velocity of the crust, mantle, and core. Draw a diagram showing the travel paths of body waves through the earth as they propagate away from an earthquake (see Fig. 10-2). Why are these paths curved? Identify the shadow zone and explain why it exists. Indicate where we receive only pwaves, and explain why s-waves are not observed everywhere that p-waves are observed. How do we know the distribution of temperature in the interior of the earth? Why is the interior hot? What effect does increased temperature have on the response of earth materials to stress? Terms to know anticline plunging fold fault normal fault tectonics brittle seismometer body wave seismic reflection outer core Mohorovicic discontinuity syncline strike compression reverse fault stress elastic p-wave surface wave epicenter inner core Moho crust dip extension lateral fault strain plastic s-wave seismic refraction focus low velocity zone mantle