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3: Lab Smith Chart and Single-Stub Tuning NAME_______________NAME_______________NAME_______________ Introduction: In this experiment you will measure the impedance as well as the reflection coefficient of a 24-ohm low frequency load resistor at different microwave frequencies using a network analyzer HP 8753A, and also match the load impedance to 50 ohms at a single frequency 500 MHz using single-stub tuning techniques. The system, an HP 8753A network analyzer measures the complex one port reflection coefficient S11 or simply . Calibration of the instrument is done with a standard open load, a standard short load and a standard 50-ohm load (all from the calibration kit). Calibration is required before the measurement if the settings are changed on the instrument. This system uses real time analog signal processing exclusively. Measurements can be done over wide frequency sweeps (linear frequency sweep from 0.3 MHz - 3 GHz) to see overall trends and then individual frequency points (CW frequency) examined for details. By plotting the component input impedance on a Smith Chart we can rapidly match the component to 50 ohms. This involves selecting the correct lengths of transmission lines to act as impedance transforming elements, as described in section 2-10 of the text. Network Analyzer Calibration Procedure: 1. Turn on the instrument. 2. Press preset on the front panel format on the front panel cal on the front panel S11 1-port softkey Smith chart softkey calibrate menu softkey 1 3. Connect the standard open load from the cal kit and press the softkey open . 4. After the open calibration, change the load to the standard short load from the cal kit and press the softkey short . 5. After the short calibration, change the load to the standard 50-ohm load from the cal kit and press softkey load . 6. After the calibration process, press done 1-port cal at the bottom and then save reg. 1 . Now the calibration data are saved in register 1 on the instrument. To recall this state at any time, press recall on the front panel recall reg. 1 softkey. The preset state sweeps over the full range of frequencies of the 8753A from 300 kHz to 3 GHz. The instrument needs to be recalibrated, if the operating frequency is changed to CW frequency (single frequency) or a smaller frequency span, as will be performed later in this lab. Procedures: Use Smith chart to measure the frequency response of a resistor 1. Connect a 24-ohm resistor to port 1 and look at the frequency response of this resistor on the Smith chart. To measure quantitatively the impedance of this resistor as a function of frequency, you need a frequency marker. Press mrk on the front panel marker mode menu softkey smith mkr menu softkey R+jX mkr softkey. The marker (an arrow) should appear on the screen. The real part (R) and imaginary part (X) of the impedance Z = R+jX and the frequency appear on the top of the screen. Turn the large knob on the front panel to change the frequency. The equivalent inductance or capacitance associated with the reactance X is also shown on the top of the screen. Based on the marker reading, please find the frequencies at which the resistor is resistive (R), inductive (R+jX) and capacitive (R-jX). Resistive: ______________________ _____________________ Inductive: Capacitive: ____________________ 2. To read the magnitude and angle of the reflection coefficient S11 = associated with the impedance Z, press lin mkr softkey on the top. The magnitude is given in mU meaning milliunits , with the outer circle on the Smith chart representing one unit . So if the reading is 2 700 mU, it means = 0.7 . The phase is given in degrees following the magnitude. Find the normalized impedance and the reflection coefficient at the frequencies listed in the table. A specific frequency can be typed in by using the number keys followed by the unit key on the front panel. Frequency 1 MHz 750 MHz 2 GHz What is the relation between r, x and | |? _________________________ r = R/Z0 x = X/Z0 | | (degrees) Single Stub Matching: This procedure is done at a single frequency, so new calibration is necessary before the measurement. Take the 24-ohm resistor off. 1. To set the instrument to a single frequency at 500 MHz, press menu on the front panel CW freq softkey, and use the number keys on the front panel to input 500 and then press M/ . 2. You must recalibrate the instrument for this new setting. Press cal on the front panel S11 1-port softkey Connect the standard open load from the cal kit and press the softkey open . After the open calibration, change the load to the standard short load from the cal kit and press the softkey short . After the short calibration, change the load to the standard 50-ohm load from the cal kit and press softkey load . After the calibration process, press done 1-port cal at the bottom and then save reg. 2 . calibrate menu softkey 3 3. Insert a GR TEE connector to port 1. Put the 24-ohm load together with an adjustable line on one side of the TEE and a stub on the other side of the TEE. The measured impedance should show up as a dot on the screen. What is the impedance for a matching condition? _______ Is this a parallel matching or series matching? ____________ Where do you expect the dot to be on the Smith chart for the matching condition by adjusting the distance between the 24-ohm resistor and the TEE and the length of the stub? ____________________ Can you match the load at 500 MHz? ________________________ If you want to use the same adjustable line and the same stub to match this 24-ohm resistor at a different frequency, would the matching be easier to achieve at higher frequencies or lower frequencies? Why? (hint: how does the wavelength change as increasing or decreasing the signal frequency?) 4. Examine the frequency bandwidth of this matching. Press menu on the front panel LIN freq softkey. Press start on the front panel and type in 450 M . Press stop on the front panel and type in 550 M . A new calibration needs to be done since this is a new frequency setting. Take the entire TEE off port 1 but keep the matching condition. Use the cal kit to repeat the open , short and load calibration procedure. Once you are done, put the TEE back to port 1. Is the matching maintained for frequencies off 500 MHz? If we define the matching bandwidth as SWR<1.5, what is the bandwidth in this measurement? Matching bandwidth _____________________________________ sweep type softkey 4
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Berkeley >> EE >> 117 (Fall, 2009)
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Berkeley >> EE >> 117 (Fall, 2009)
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CS188: Articial Intelligence, Spring 2009 Solutions to Written Assignment 1: Search and CSPs 1 More Pancake Heuristics (6 points) Here, we consider the pancake problem from class (lecture 3). A server is given a stack of n pancakes. Each pancake is a...
Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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CS 188 Final May 19, 2008 NAME: 1 True/False Questions (14 points) Circle True or False next to each statement below. Correct answers are worth 1 point each, incorrect answers are worth 0 points, and skipped parts are worth 0.5 points each. (a) (...
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
CS 188 Midterm Exam, 2-330 pm, Mon Oct 19, 1998 Make sure you have both pages of this exam. 1. This problem is intended to test your understanding of how the information in the optical ow eld can be used to control the movement of a robot. Assume tha...
Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
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Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
CS188 Section 1 Sean Markan January 30, 2007 1 Notes Parts of a search problem: start state, transition model, goal test, path cost What search algorithms have in common: Theres always a search tree involved. 1. Root node is annotated with start s...
Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
CS188 Section 2 Sean Markan January 30, 2007 1 A fun puzzle Consider the following search problem: you are trying to get from point A to point B on the plane via a polygonal path, but a line segment (of arbitrary size and position) is blocking the...
Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
CS 188 Written Assignment #1: Sample Solutions CS188 sta 1 PEAS descriptions a) A web-based machine translation system: Performance: Speed of computation; quality of translation (e.g. approximated by BLEU score). Environment: Web server, handling ...
Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
CS188 Section 1: Answers Sean Markan January 30, 2007 1 Answers 1. no 2. yes 3. yes, no, yes, yes 4. BFS wont terminate 5. Assuming you mark nodes, O(n) in all cases. If you dont mark nodes, then assuming theres a solution, BFS is worst-case O(nn )...
Berkeley >> CS >> 188 (Spring, 2004)
CS 188: Assignment 2: Part B Sample Solutions CS 188 Sta 1 a) Walking through a CSP See gure 1 for the constraint graph. Constraints take the explicit form: (A, B) {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2)} (A, C) {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3),...
Berkeley >> CS >> 2 (Fall, 1998)
CS 188: Assignment 2: Part B Sample Solutions CS 188 Sta 1 a) Walking through a CSP See gure 1 for the constraint graph. Constraints take the explicit form: (A, B) {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2)} (A, C) {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3),...
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