Environmental Exploring Issues 1301 Chapter 7 Practice Quiz and Answers 1. What is the physical, chemical, and biological processes that turn large rock particles into smaller particles? 2. Each later of soil is known as what? 3. Another name for the A horizon is what? 4. Identify several causes of desertification. 5. ___ consists of plowing furrows sideways across a hillside, perpendicular to its slope, following the land's contours. 6. ___agriculture that does not involve tilling the soil. May include use of cover crop remains. 7. ___farmers alternate the type of crop grown in a given field from one season of year to the next. 8. ___rows of trees or other tall plants that are planted along the edges of fields to slow the wind. 9. ___transforms slopes into series of steps, enabling farmers to decrease the amount of soil erosion that occurs. 10. ___different types of crops are planted in alternating bands or spatially mixed arrangements. 11. The two main types of fertilizers are ________ and _______. 12. _____________ occurs when too many animals eat too much plant cover, impeding plant re-growth and the replacement of biomass. 13. List two programs or Acts that are aimed at soil conservation. 14. The industrialization and technological advancement of agriculture in the 20 century, th in order to increase crop output per unit area is known as the _______ __________. 15. "GM" stands for ___________ ____________ organisms. 16. List some advantages and disadvantages of pesticide use. 17. The _______ ________ is the idea that one should not undertake a new action until the ramifications of that action are well understood. 18. The raising of aquatic organisms for food in controlled environments is called ______________.
Answers Weathering Horizon Topsoil Erosion, soil compaction, forest removal, overgrazing, drought, Salinization, climate change, water depletion. 5. Contour farming 6. No-till farming 7. Crop rotation 8. Shelterbelts 9. Terracing 10. Intercropping 11. Inorganic and organic 12. Overgrazing 13. Food Security Act (1985); Conservation Reserve Program (enacted 1985), Low-Input Sustainable Agriculture Program (initiated 1998), Federal Agriculture Improvement Reform Act (1996). 14. Green Revolution 15. Genetically modified organisms 16. Advantages: at least temporarily keeps pests from destroying crops, in some cases helps to prevent disease carried by insect vectors. Disadvantages: pests may develop resistance, some pesticides may threaten human health and biodiversity. 17. Precautionary principle 18. Aquaculture 1. 2. 3. 4.