of Design a Food Service and Food Processing System for Long Duration Missions in a Closed Environment UH PI: Clinton L. Rappole, Ph.D., Professor Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management Houston, TX 77204-3902 Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] UH PDAF: Yael D. Vodovotz, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Department of Food and Technology 122 Vivian Hall, 2121 Fyffe Road Columbus, OH 43210 Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail]
T
HE JOHNSON S PACE CENTER IS DESIGNINGAND BUILDING A habitat, the Bioregenerative Planetary Life Support Systems Test Complex (BIO-Plex), intended to evaluate technologies for advanced life support systems for use in long duration missions where all consumables will need to be recycled and reused.1 In this habitat, higher plants would be used to produce food, regenerate the atmosphere through the production of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide,2 and regenerate water. A Center Director Discretionary Fund was obtained to ascertain the impact of food processing equipment on air quality. First-year funds were dedicated to wheat production and bread preparation. The following year, researchers investigated the processing of soy products such as soymilk. This final year of the grant, the process of extrusion was monitored for volatile production. Extrusion is the process by which thermal and mechanical energy is used to transform an uncooked mass such as flour into a cooked, shaped product. 3 A miniaturized single screw extruder was used to produce puffed cereal products (Brabender model 2003, L/D 20:1, C.W., Brabender Instruments, Inc., South Hackensack, NJ). Such products can be flavored and used for ready-to-eat breakfast cereals and snacks. The unique texture of these products would enhance the palatability of the Advanced Life Support (ALS) diet.
Materials and methods Moistened rice and defatted soy flours were fed into a singlescrew extruder. Air samples were collected by opening a valve on a specially-designed Tedlar bag to which an evacuated sample bomb (500 mL) was attached. After the sample was collected, the grains were disorbed onto a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer and analyzed. Further details can be found in Vodovotz et al.4 Volatile (Off-gassing) Analysis The impact on air quality of extruding soy and rice flour needed to be ascertained since all processes occurring in long duration space habitats will be performed in a completely enclosed environment. Air samples were screened for a specific set of volatiles to assure designers that they did not exceed Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations.5 Tables 1 and 2 show the quantities of some of the volatiles emitted during rice and soy flour extrusion. The highest concentration of volatile compounds included alco-
UH/UHCL ISSO--Y1999-2000--95
hols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. The concentrations of these volatiles were calculated for a typical extrusion run of one hour assuming all of the extrudate produced could fit into the bag attached to the extruder. Methanol, acetaldehyde, and propanal would exceed the 24-hour SMACs if no means were invoked to eliminate or reduce the concentrations of these compounds (Tables 1 and 2). Exposure to such high concentrations of these volatiles may result in a crew-health hazard. Two options are available for removal of the volatiles: (a) to cover the piece of equipment with a fume hood which would be activated when the equipment is on line and which would direct the air stream into the Trace Contaminant Control System (TCCS) for further processing, or (b) to let the volatiles dissipate in the chamber air from which chamber they will be funneled through air ducts and directed to the TCCS for further processing. The best option will depend upon the concentration and subsequent accumulation of specific volatiles and their corresponding SMAC values. Table 1. Volatiles evolved from soy flour extrusion Compound Extrudate Extrudate (mg/bag/hr)* (mg/m3) 24 hr SMACS 480 402 138 84 66 26 17 17 16 AvgSD (mg/m3) 13 10 500 205
References 1 G. M. Kirby, T. O. Tri, and F. D. Smith, "Bioregenerative Planetary Life Support Systems Test Complex: Facility Description and Testing Objectives," presentation, 27th ICES Conf., Paper No. 972342, 1997. 2 M. M. Averner, Controlled Ecological Life Support System in Lunar Base Agriculture: Soils for Plant Growth . Ed. D. W. Ming and D. L. Henninger, Madison, WI: America Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 1989. 3 W. E. Riha III and C.-T. Ho, "Formation of Flavors During Extrusion Cooking," Food Review International 12.3 (1996): 351-73. 4 Y.Vodovotz and D. L. Hentges, "Safety Issues Associated with Processing Soybeans in an Enclosed Habitat Intended for Long Duration Space Missions," Journal of Food Science (submitted for publication). 5 SMAC. "Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentration for Airborne Contaminants," NASA/JSC 20584, 1995. Publications Vodovotz, Y. D. and D. L. Hentges. "Safety Issues Associated with Processing Soybeans in an Enclosed Habitat Intended for Long Duration Space Missions," J. of Food Science (submitted for publication). Vodovotz, Y. D., C. T. Bourland, V. Kloeris, H. Lane, and S. M. Smith, "Critical Path Plan for Food and Nutrition Research Required for Planetary Exploration Missions," J. of Human Performance in Extreme Environment (in press). Vodovotz, Y. D., D. Zasypkin, W. Lertsiriyothin, T.-C. Lee, and C. Bourland. "Quantification and Characterization of Volatiles Evolved during Extrusion of Rice, Soy and Wheat Flours," (in progress). Presentations "Critical Path Plan for Food and Nutrition Research Required for Planetary Exploration Missions," ICES Conf., Denver, CO. "Impact of the ALS Food System on Waste Generation," NASA Ames Research Center, October. "The U.S. Program of Foods for Space Travel: Mercury to Space Shuttle & Beyond," R&DAAnnual Meeting, Galveston, TX. Vodovotz, Y. "Critical Path Plan for Food and Nutrition Research Required for Planetary Exploration Missions," International Space Development Conf., Houston, TX, May 29, 1999. Vodovotz, Y. and C. T. Bourland. "Volatiles Evolved from Soybean Products used in Advanced Life Support for LongDuration Space Missions," poster presentation, Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, July 26, 1999. Vodovotz, Y., D. L. Hentges, and C. T. Bourland. "Incorporation of Soybean Processing into the Advanced Life Support Systems Integration Testbed," poster presentation, 14th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Gravitational and Space Biology, Houston, TX, Oct. 30, 1998. Funding and proposals "Volatiles Produced in a Closed Chamber by Various Food
Methanol 80.322.8 Acetaldehyde 67.09.5 Hexane 23.33.1 Acetone 14.01.0 Hexana l 1.13.8 Methyl Acetate 4.30.8 -Propanal 2.90.4 -Pentanal 2.90.9 Carbon Disulfide 2.60.0
* Average values used for calculations. Bag volume used was 100 liters. Table 2. Volatiles evolved from rice flour extrusion Compound Extrudate Extrudate (mg/bag/hr)* Acetaldehyde 31.0 Methanol 30.5 Propanal 30.3 Dimethylsulfide 8.5 Hexanal 3.9 M-+P-xylenes 3.9 Acetone 3.4 2-Methyl-2-propanol 3.4 20 1,1-dichloroethene 1.48 1,1,2-trichloroethane 1.48 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 1.06 2-pentyl furan 0.6 Average 24 hr SMACS 186 186 180 54 23 23 20 (mg/m3) (mg/m3) 10 13 119 205 430 500
4
* Bag volume used was 100 liters.
96--Y1999-2000--ISSO UHCL/UH
Processing and Preparation Equipment." Center Director Discretionary Fund (funded). The third year involves using the extruder at Rutgers University (pending). Submitted two tentative proposals for microgravity work as part of the ALS Microgravity Workshop at NASA-JSC. Activities Attended the BIO-Plex Mission Planning Data workshop to decide the length of a test in the habitat. Helped draft the plant list research needs for Advanced Life Support (ALS) Resulting from the ALS Program Flight Experiments Planning Workshop held in Houston, TX. "Food Service Systems in Space: A Challenge for the 21st Century," Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, University of Houston. Conducted a tour of NASA-JSC for students enrolled in Dr. C. Rappole's university class. Assisted in obtaining reviewers for various papers submitted to the Life Support and Biosphere Science Journal. Evaluated equipment for the Food and Beverage Institute at the college; helped organize future direction of the institute. Helped coordinate two IFT Texas Section meetings, one held at the Texas A&M University in Bryan, Texas, and one at the University of Houston. Mentored three summer students in research on oil extraction, soymilk production, and menu development.
Bedell, H. E., S. S. Patel, and S. T. L. Chung. "Comparison of Letter and Vernier Acuities with Dioptric and Diffusive Blur," Optom. & Vision Sci. 76 (1999): 115-20. Bedell, H. E., S. T. L. Chung, and S. S. Patel. "Elevation of Vernier Thresholds During Image Motion Depends on Target Configuration," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A17 (2000): 947-54. Patel, S. S., H. E. Bedell, and M. T. Ukwade. "Vernier Judgments in the Absence of Regular Shape Information," Vision Res. 39 (1999): 2349-60. Patel, S. S., B. C. Jiang, J. M. White, and H. gmen. "Non-Linear Alteration of Transient Vergence Dynamics After Sustained Convergence," Optom. and Vision Sci. 76 (1999): 656-63. Patel, S. S., M. T. Ukwade, S. B. Stevenson, H. E. Bedell, V. Sampath, and H. gmen. "Stereopsis from Inter-Ocular Phase Disparity," abstract, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 40 (1999): S418. Patel, S. S., M. T. Ukwade, S. B. Stevenson, H. E. Bedell, V. Sampath, H. gmen, and G. Purushothaman. "TwoDimensional Computation of Binocular Disparity in Human Stereopsis," (submitted for publication). Purushothaman, G., S. S. Patel, H. E. Bedell, and H. gmen. "Moving Ahead Through Differential Visual Latency," Nature 396 (1998): 424. Presentations Patel, S. S., M. T. Ukwade, S. B. Stevenson, H. E. Bedell, V. Sampath, and H. gmen. "Stereopsis from Inter-Ocular Phase Disparity," poster presentation, Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision & Ophthalmology, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May, 1999. Bedell, H. E. "Perceptual Scaling of Size and Distance," General Motors R&D Virtual Environments Laboratory Conf. on Perception in Surround-Screen Stereoscopic Display Systems, Warren, MI, Oct. 1999. Funding and proposals "Normalization of Position and Stereoscopic Depth Perception," VRSG, University of Houston College of Optometry, April 1999 (funded). "Normalization of Suprathreshold Visual Perception," National Eye Institute, June 1999 (not funded).
Effects on Visual Acuity and Steroacuity of Oculomotor Changes Produced by Pre-Flight Adaptation Training UH PI: Harold E. Bedell, Ph.D., Professor College of Optometry Houston, Texas 77204-6052 Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] UH PDAF: Saumil Patel, 1996-1999 College of Optometry
T
"E FFECTS ON VISUAL ACUITY AND STEREOACUITY of Oculomotor Changes Produced by Pre-Flight Adaptation Training," ended in May 1999. During 1998 and 1999, we completed data collection on five subjects for Vernier acuity, stereo acuity, and motion sensitivity before and after TTD adaptation. Initially, we expected that data analysis would be finished during Summer and Fall 1999. However, the unexpected termination of a work-study student involved in this project delayed the completion of data analysis by at least one semester. One of the NASA-JSC collaborators on this project, Dr. Deborah Harm, has been awarded a temporary appointment at the University of Houston Virtual Environment Research Institute. Publications Akutsu, H., H. E. Bedell, and S. S. Patel. "Recognition Thresholds for Letters with Simulated Dioptric Blur," Optom. and Vision Sci. (in press).
HE PROJECT,
Imprecise Image and Video Transmission in Aerospace Applications UH PI: Albert Cheng, Ph.D., Assoc. Professor Department of Computer Science College of Natural Science and Mathematics Houston, Texas 77204-3475 Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] Publications Agarwal, R. "Congestion Control in Computer Networks for Video Transmission," thesis, 1997. Agarwal, R. and A. M. K. Cheng. "Reducing Variation in Bit-Rate
UH/UHCL ISSO--Y1999-2000--97
Produced by Encoder in MPEG Video," Proc. of the IEEE-CS Intl. Conf. on Multimedia Computing and Systems, Florence, Italy, June 1999. Chen, X. "An Imprecise Algorithm for Real-Time Compressed Image/Video Transmission," thesis, 1997. Chen, X. and A. M. K. Cheng. "An Imprecise Algorithm for RealTime Compressed Image/Video Transmission," Proc. of the 6th International Conf. on Computer Communications and Networks; Las Vegas, NV, Sept. 1997. Cheng, A. M. K. and X. Huang. "An Imprecise Real-Time Video Transmission Algorithm," Proc. of the International Computer Science Conf., Hong Kong, Dec. 1995. Huang, X. "Applying Imprecise Algorithms to Real-Time Image and Video Transmission," thesis, 1995. Huang, X. and A. M. K. Cheng. "Applying Imprecise Algorithms to Real-Time Image and Video Transmission," Proc. of the IEEE-CS Real-Time Technology and Applications Symp., Chicago, IL, May 1995. 96-101. Nguyen. L. N. and A. M. K. Cheng. "An Imprecise Real-Time Image Magnification Algorithm," Proc. of the International Symp. on Multimedia Systems, Yokohama, Japan, March 1996. Rao, S. "Scheduling and Routing of Soft Real-Time Traffic in Packet-Switched Networks," thesis. Rice, L. E. P. and A. M. K. Cheng. "Timing Analysis of the X-38 Space Station Crew Return Vehicle Avionics," Proc. of the IEEE-CS Real-Time Technology and Applications Symp., Vancouver, Canada, June 2-4, 1999. Wong, C. "An Approach for Imprecise Transmission of TIFF Image Files Through Congested Real-Time ATM Networks," thesis, 1996. Wong, C. and A. M. K. Cheng. "An Approach for Imprecise Transmission of TIFF Image Files Through Congested RealTime ATM Networks," Proc. of the 22nd Intl. Conf. on Local Computer Networks; Minneapolis, MN, Nov. 1997. Wong, C. and A. M. K. Cheng. "Maintaining High Transmitted Image Quality in Congested ATM Networks," Proc. of the Workshop on Resource Allocation Problems in Multimedia Systems and the 17th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp., Washington, D.C., Dec. 1996. Control Design Methods for Mechanical Systems in Vector Second-Order Form UH PI: Karolos Grigoriadis, Ph.D., Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Cullen College of Engineering Houston, Texas 77204-4792 Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] Publications Abdalla, M., K. M. Grigoriadis, and D. C. Zimmerman. "Enhanced Structural Damage Detection Using Alternating Projection Methods," AIAA Journal 36.7 (1998): 1305-11. Grigoriadis, K. M. and E. Beran. "Alternating Projection Methods for LMI Problems with Rank Constraints," in Recent Advances
in Linear Matrix Inequality Approach to Control. Ed. S.-I. Niculescu and L. El Ghaoui, Philadelphia: SIAM, 1999. Sidi-Ali-Cherif, S., K. M. Grigoriadis, and M. Subramaniam. "Model Reduction of Large Space Structures Using Approximate Component Cost Analysis," J. Guidance, Control and Dynamics 22.4 (1999): 551-58. Watson, J., and K. M. Grigoriadis. "Optimal Unbiased Filtering via Linear Matrix Inequalities," Systems & Control Letters 35.2 (1998): 111-18. Presentations Abdalla, M., D. C. Zimmerman, and K. M. Grigoriadis. "Structural Damage Detection Using Strain Data via Linear Matrix Inequality Based Methods," Proc. of the American Control Conf., San Diego, CA, June 2-4, 1999. Sidi-Ali-Cherif, S., K. M. Grigoriadis, and M. Subramaniam. "Model Reduction of Large Scale Systems Using Approximate Component Cost Analysis," Proc. of the American Control Conf., San Diego, CA, June 2-4, 1999. Wu, F. and K. M. Grigoriadis. "LPV-Based Control of Systems with Amplitude and Rate Actuator Saturation Constraints," Proc. of the American Control Conf., San Diego, CA, June 2-4, 1999. Grigoriadis, K. M. "Integrated Structural and Control Design Using Finite Signal-to-noise Models," Proc. of the American Control Conf., Philadelphia, PA, June 24-26, 1998. Grigoriadis, K. M. and A. Mayzus. "Robust Integrated Structural and Control Design for Vector Second-Order Systems via LMIs," Proc. of the International Modal Analysis Conf., Orlando, FL, Feb. 3-6, 1997. Funding and proposals "Advanced Controls of Space Robotics." Co-PI: Zimmerman; Texas Advanced Technology Program, July 1997; $145,950. (not funded) "Control and Integrated Design of Mechanical Systems via Linear Matrix Inequalities." CAREER Award, National Science Foundation, Sept. 1997-Aug. 2001; $282,833. "Integrated Control of Constrained Systems with Applications to Flight Control." Office Of Naval Research; $300,000, Oct. 1998 (not funded). Students involved J. Watson, Ph.D., 2000; M. Abdalla, Ph.D., 1999; S. Sidi-AliCherif, M.S., 1999; A. Mayzus, M.S., 1998
Object Tracking and Post Estimation Using Optical Correlation UH PI: Thomas Hebert, Ph.D., Associate Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cullen College of Engineering Houston, Texas 77204-4793 Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail]
98--Y1999-2000--ISSO UHCL/UH
Publications Hebert, T. J. and B. H. Henneberger. "An Optical Filtering Approach to Regularized Tracking of an Object's Position and Orientation," Applied Optics 37.32 (1998): 7577-86. Funding "Object Tracking and Pose Estimation Using Optical Correlators." NASA-JSC RUG Program, $55,420 (not funded).
Maier, J. N., J. Lucas, J. Linsley, J. Roet, J. Granata, F. Braumbaugh, B. Daley, and K. Willis. A Model for Teaching Global and Environmental Geography with Space Shuttle Photography. Vols. I & II, Houston: UHCL, 1996. Sanders, R. and J. N. Maier. Geographic Environmental Challenges for Kids, CD-ROM and print, University of Texas, Austin, TX (in progress). Sanders, R. and J. N. Maier. GIS for Educators: Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Austin: University of Texas, (in progress). Presentations Brumbaugh, F. R. and J. N. Maier. "Space Photography and the Five Themes of Geography," Friends of Geography Conf., Houston, TX, Feb. 1994. Brumbaugh, F. R., B. Daley, and J. N. Maier. "Teaching Geography with NASA Images," World 2000 Conf., Austin, TX, Feb. 2000. Linsley, J., A. Linsley-Kennedy, J. Lucas, and J. N. Maier. "Spacin' Out with Geography," 9th Annual GEO-TECH Conference, Dallas, TX, March 1996. Linsley, J., A. Linsley-Kennedy, J. Lucas, and J. N. Maier et al. "Teaching Geography with Shuttle Photography: A Potpourri of Activities," 10th Annual Texas Alliance for Geographic, College Station, TX, Sept. 1996. Linsley-Kennedy, A., J. Linsley, J. N. Maier, and J. Lucas. "Houston from Space to Place," Geography Seminar, Houston, TX, Oct. 1997. Maier, J. N. "Geographic and Reading Literacy with Space Age Technology," Literacy and Technology Special Interest Group, International Reading Association Annual Conf., Atlanta, GA, May 1997. --. "Teaching for Understanding: Map Reading Strategies That Go Beyond Scale and Legend," National Council for Geographic Education Conference, Lexington, KY, Nov. 1994. Maier, J. N. and F. R. Brumbaugh. "Space Shuttle Photography and Social Studies Education," poster session, National Council for Social Studies, Phoenix, AZ, Nov. 1994. Maier, J. N. and J. Lucas. "Geography Institute for Teachers: Analyzing Earth from Space," University of Houston-Clear Lake Luncheon Series, Houston, TX, May 1997. Maier, J. and J. Lucas. "Space Images to Teach Geography," Friends of Geography Annual Conf., Cypress-Fairbanks School Independent School District, Cypress, TX, Feb. 1999. Maier, J. and J. Lucas. "Europe from Space," Friends of NSM--The College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, housing the Department of Computer Science and the Department of Mathematics, is located in Philip G. Hoffman Hall (above), west of the M. D. Anderson Memorial Library and south of the Cullen College of Engineering.
Evaluation of Software Metrics Using Neural Networks UH PI: Nicolaos Karayiannis, Ph.D., Associate Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cullen College of Engineering Houston, Texas 77204-4793 Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] "Evaluation of Software Metrics Using Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic," National Science Foundation, 4 years; $418,406 (not funded).
Geography Institute for Teachers: Global and Environmental Geography with Space Age Technology UHCL PI: Joan N. Maier, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Department of Education 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Box 244 Houston, Texas 77058 Phone: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] Publications Maier, J. N. "Geography Institute for Teachers and Space Shuttle Photography," Environmental Institute of Houston Annual Report (1995). --. "Global and Environmental Geography with Space Age Technology," Environmental Institute of Houston Annual Report (1996). Maier, J. N. and D. Jones. "Enhancing Geographic Education: Challenges and Benefits of Collaboration with Outside Agencies," Journal of Geography (March-May, 1999). Maier, J. N. and J. Lucas. "Space Technology: A Catalyst for Content Area Literacy," Reading Online (ROL): a Journal of the International Reading Association <http://www.readingonline.org> (1997). Maier, J. N., J. Lucas, and D. Brown. Teaching Geography with Space Image Technology, Vols. I & II, Houston: UHCL and NASA, 1997.
UH/UHCL ISSO--Y1999-2000--99
Geography Annual Conf., Bellaire Independent School District, Houston, TX, Feb. 1998. Maier, J. and J. Lucas. "Teaching Geography with Space Images," Workshop for Elementary and Secondary Teachers, Texas Education Service Center, Region IV, Houston, TX, July 1999. Maier, J. and R. Sanders. "Geographic Environmental Opportunity for Students (GEOS) Web-site/CD-Rom Research and Development," Environmental Institute of Houston, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, Nov. 1998. Maier, J. N. and T. O'Neil. "Bring Social Studies to Life: Connect Social Studies, Reading and Technology," Literacy and Technology Special Interest Group, International Reading Association Annual Conf., New Orleans, LA, May 1996.
Student support D. Misir and Y.-C. Hsu, doctoral students, and S. Hou, master's student.
Cryogenic Applications of Space Shuttle Tile Material: Applications of High-Tc Superconducting SQUIDs UH PI: John H. Miller, Jr., Ph.D. Associate Professor, Texas Center for Superconductivity (T CSUH) Houston, Texas 77204-5932 Phone: [phone]; Fax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail]
Robust Fuzzy PID Controllers Design for Robotic Applications UH PI: Heidar A. Malki, Ph.D., Associate Professor Department of Electrical-Electronics Technology College of Technology Houston, TX Phone: [phone] [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] Publications Misir, D., H. A. Malki, and G. Chen. "Design and Analysis of Fuzzy PID Controllers," International J. of Fuzzy Sets and Systems 79 (1996) 297-314. Zhang, D., G. Chen, and H. A. Malki. "AFuzzy-Logic Control of Multi-link Flexible-Joint Robotic Manipulators," International J. of Intelligent Control Systems 2.1 (1998): 111-38. Malki, H. A., G. Chen, S. Hou. "A New Approach to Automatic PID Tuning-The Large Zeta Tuning Method," Computers in Education J. (1997). Presentations Hsu, Y.-C. and H. A. Malki. "AFuzzy Variable Structure Control for MIMO Systems," Proc. of the FUZZ-IEEE `98, Anchorage, AK, May 4-9, 1998. 280-85. Misir, D., H. A. Malki, R. Chen. "Graphical Stability Analysis for a Fuzzy PID Controller Robot Arm Model," Proc. of the FUZZ-IEEE `98, Anchorage, AK, May 4-9, 1998. 451-55. Misir, D., H. A. Malki and G. Chen. "A Heuristic Approach to Tune the Control Gains of Fuzzy Proportional-Derivative Controller," ACM Symp. on Applied Computing: Fuzzy Logic in Applications, Philadelphia, PA, March 1996. Proposals "Development of Integrated PID Controllers for Boiler." Co-PI: G. Chen; Houston Lighting and Power Company; $45,000.00 (not funded). "Fuzzy Logic Package for Thermal Instruments and Manufacture Process Controls." DOW Chemical Company; $10,000. "Robotic Grasping: From Cognitive Development to Hardware." Co-PI: H. gmen; ATP; $146,710.00 (not funded).
S
QUIDS ARE THE MOST SENSITIVE MAGNETIC SENSORS IN existence and are used for numerous applications, including the detection of biomagnetic fields (e.g., magnetoencephalography of the brain and magnetocardiography of the heart), non-destructive evaluation of subsurface defects, and geophysical applications. Much of our work in this field has focused on reducing the effects of ambient magnetic field noise to enable practical applications in a real-world, magnetically-noisy environment. One of our SQUID instruments successfully detected the QRS complex of the heart while performing a noncontact measurement of a magnetocardiogram at Texas Children's Hospital. We have also developed a novel SQUID instrument capable of detecting deep subsurface flaws in metallic structures. Very recently, using High-Tc SQUIDs, we have discovered a new phenomenon, which we call chemomagnetism, in which tiny magnetic fields are produced by high-rate chemical reactions, such as solid combustion. We have submitted an article to Nature which describes the results of these investigations.
High-Tc superconducting rf receiver coils for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) The low radio-frequency (rf) impedance and reduced noise levels of superconductors provide opportunities to improve the signal-tonoise ratios of the rf receiver coils used in MRI. Our research in this field is focusing on two areas: (1) the development of coils for high-resolution applications, such as MR imaging of spinal cord injuries, in collaboration with investigators at UT-Houston Health Sciences Center; and (2) the development of low-field, low-cost MRI systems, such as the "benchtop" MRI system used for smallvolume applications in clinics and biology research labs. Publications Claycomb, J. R., N. Tralshawala, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "A Theoretical Investigation of Low-Frequency Eddy-Current Induction for SQUID-based Nondestructive Evaluation," IEEE Transactions on Magnetic (1999). Claycomb, J. R., N. Tralshawala, H.-M. Cho, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Development and Testing of a High Temperature Superconducting Eddy Current Probe for Nondestructive Eval uation," Fall Meeting of the Materials Research Society, Boston, MA, Dec. 1997. Claycomb, J. R., N. Tralshawala, H.-M. Cho, M. Boyd, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices for
100--Y1999-2000--ISSO UHCL/UH
Nondestructive Testing," Proc. of the Workshop on Intelligent NDE Sciences for Aging and Futuristic Aircraft, El Paso, Texas, Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 1997. Ed. C. Ferregut, R. Osegueda, and A. Nuez, Texas Western Press, 1998. 155-166. Claycomb, J. R., N. Tralshawala, L.-M. Xie, J. Wosik, P. Gierlowski, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Microwave Characterization of Nd0.67Sr0.33MnO3-x Thin Film Resistivity," J. of Applied Physics 85.7 (1999): 3749. Claycomb, J. R., N. Tralshawala, H.-M. Cho, M. Boyd, Z. Zou, X.W. Xu, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Simulation and Design of a Superconducting Eddy Current Probe for Nondestructive Testing," Review of Scientific Instru ments 69 (1998): 499-506. Claycomb, J. R., N. Tralshawala, L.-M. Xie, J. Wosik, J. H. Miller, Jr., Z-W. Dong, and T. Venkatesan. "Colossal Magnetoresistance in N d0 0 . 7 S r 0 . 3 M n O 3 Thin Films," Bulletin of the American Phy sical Society 42.1 Dr. Alexander Litvinchuk with high (1997): 631. frequency SWNT modes excited Program of the 1997 with the 514.5 nm Ar+ laser line at March Meeting, room temperature. Kansas City, MO, March 17-21, 1997. Cho, H. M., J. R. Claycomb, N. Tralshawala, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Flaw Depth Analysis for SQUID-based Eddy Current NDE," Bulletin of the American Physical Society 43.1 (1998): G26.08; Program of the 1998 March Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, March 16-20, 1998. Cho, H.-M., T. J. Shaw, J. Clarke, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Noise Measurements of Slotted HTSQUID Magnetometers in a dc Magnetic Field," Applied Superconductivity Conf., Palm Desert, CA, Sept. 13-18, 1998; IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (1999). Fan, N. Q. and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Possible Detection of Macroscopic Quantum Spectra Using a Magnetic Resonance Technique," Physica C 262 (1996): 195-201. Harrington, T. E., J. Wosik, and S. A. Long. "Open Resonator Mode Patterns for Characterization of Anisotropic HTS Thin Films and Dielectrics," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 7 (1997): 1861. Hogan, T. P., J. Huang, T. D. Golding, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Growth, Patterning and Characterization of Mixed Structure Sb/GaSb Heterostructures and Multilayers," Program of the 1997 Spring Meeting of the Materials Research Society, San Francisco, CA, B5.42: 21, March 31-April 4, 1997. Lin, J., J. H. Miller, Jr., Z. G. Zou, and Q. Xiong. "Use of
Tricrystal Microbridges to Probe the Pairing State Symmetries of Cuprate Superconductors," Proc. of the 10th Anniversary HTS Workshop on Physics, Materials, and Applications. Ed. B. Batlogg et al., World Scientific, 1996. 254-55. Miller, Jr., J. H. and J. R. Claycomb. "Classical and High-Tc Superconductivity," Proc. of the 10th Physics Summer School, Physics of Novel Materials, Canberra, Australia, Jan. 13-31, 1997. Ed. M. P. Das, World Scientific, 1999. 43-85. Miller, Jr., J. H., C. Ordoez, and E. Prodan. "Theory of TimeCorrelated Tunneling of Density Waves Solitons," J. Phys. IV (France) 9 (1999): Pr10-171-73. Miller, Jr., J. H., C. Ordoez, and E. Prodan. "TimeCorrelated Soliton Tunneling in Charge and Spin Density Waves," Physical Review Letters 84 (2000): 1555-58. Miller, Jr., J. H., Z. G. Zou, and S. A. Long. "Evidence for OrthorhombicallyDistorted d-Wave Pairing Symmetry in YBCO," Proc. of the Dr. Charlie Ott researches microbial 21st International gene expression at JSC where study Conf. on Low Teminvolves DNA probes in a bioreactor perature Physics, (clinostat) that simulates microgravity. Prague, Aug. 8-14, 1996, Czechoslovak J. of Physics 46.S3 (1996): 1349-50. Miller, Jr., J. H., N. Tralshawala, J. R. Claycomb, J. H. Xu, and K. Nesteruk. "Magnetocardiography in a Magnetically Noisy Environment Using High-Tc SQUIDs," Proc. of the 10th Anniversary HTS Workshop on Physics, Materials, and Applications. Ed. B. Batlogg et al., World Scientific, 1996. 639-42. Miller, Jr., J. H., Z.G. Zou, J. R. Liu, Z.S. Zheng, and W. K. Chu. "Possible Evidence for d+s Pairing Symmetry in YBCO Using Tricrystal Microbridges," Physica C 282.87 (1997): 1515-17. Miller, Jr., J. H., Z. Zou, H.-M. Cho, J. Liu, Z.-S. Zheng, and W.K. Chu. "Phase Sensitive Measurements of the Pairing State Symmetries of Cuprate Superconductors Using Tricrystal Microbridges," J. of Low Temp. Physics 105.3/4 (1996): 527-32. Nersesyan, M., J. R. Claycomb, Q. Ming, J. H. Miller, Jr., J. T. Richardson, and D. Luss. "Chemomagnetic Fields Produced Solid Combustion Reactions," Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (1999): 1170-72. Ponnusamy, D., N. Tralshawala, J. R. Claycomb, J. H. Miller, Jr., K. Ravi-Chandar, and K. Salama. "Processing and Characterization of High-Tc Magnetic Shields and Flux Transformers," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 7 (1997): 1418-21. Strikovski, M. and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Pulsed Laser Deposition of Oxides: Why the Optimum Rate is About 1 Per Pulse," Appl.
UH/UHCL ISSO--Y1999-2000--101
Phys. Lett. 73 (1998): 1733-35. Wosik, J., L.-M. Xie, J. H. Miller, Jr., S. A. Long, and K. Tralshawala, N., J. R. Claycomb, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Reduction Nesteruk. "Thermally Induced Nonlinearities in Surface-Impeof Ambient Magnetic Field Noise for High-Tc SQUID dance of YBCO Superconducting Thin Films," IEEE Trans Applications," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconduc actions on Applied Superconductivity 7 (1997): 1470-74. tivity 7 (1997): 2890-93. Wosik, J., L.-M. Xie, D. Li, J. H. Miller, Jr., and S. A. Long. Tralshawala, N., J. R. Claycomb, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Practical "Nonlinear Behavior in the Power-Dependent Surface SQUID Instrument for Non-destructive Testing," Appl. Phys. Resistance of High-Tc Superconducting Thin Films," Proc. of Lett. 71 (1997): 1573-76. the 21st International Conf. on Low Temperature Physics, Tralshawala, N., J. R. Claycomb, H. M. Cho, and J. H. Miller, Jr. Prague, Aug. 8-14, 1996, Czechoslovak J. of Physics 46.S2 "Development of Scanning High-Tc SQUID-Based Instrument (1996): 1133-34. for Nondestructive Evaluation in a Magnetically Noisy Wosik, J., M. Strikovski, L-M. Xie, A. Strikovski, and J. H. Environment," Workshop on Nondestructive Characterization Miller, Jr. "Microwave Study of YBCO /CMR Bilayers for of Materials, Boulder, CO, Magnetically Tuned Microwave Nondestructive Characterization Filters," Spring Meeting, Materials of Materials VIII. Ed. R. E. Green, Research Soc., San Francisco, CA, Jr., New York: Plenum, 1998. April 13-17, 1998. Tralshawala, N., J. R. Claycomb, J. Wosik, J., L.-M. Xie, M. Strikovski, H. Xu, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Noise J. H. Miller, Jr., and P. Przyslupski. Reduction Techniques for "Microwave Characterization of Operating High-Tc SQUIDs in an Nd0.67Sr0.33 MnO3-x Thin Films for Unshielded Environment," Proc. Magnetically Tunable Filters," of the 10th Anniversary HTS Appl. Phys. Lett. Workshop on Physics, Materials, Wosik, J., K. Nesteruk, L-M. Xie, and Applications, Ed. B. Batlogg et T. Hogan, R. Ruch, and Miller, J. al., World Scientific, 1996. 651-52. H., Jr. "High-Tc Superconducting rf Tralshawala, N., J. R. Claycomb, Q. Receiver Coils for Magnetic ReY. Ying, J. H. Miller, Jr., K. sonance Imaging," ISEC97, Berlin, Nesteruk, and D. R. Jackson. Germany, June 25-29, 1997. "High-Tc SQUID Gradiometers Wosik, J., L.-M. Xie, D. Li, P. for Magnetocardiography in an Gierlowski, J. H. Miller, Jr., and S. Unshielded Environment," 10th InA. Long. "Investigation of the ternational Conf. on Biomagnetism Microwave Power Handling Power (BioMag 96), Santa Fe, NM, Feb. Handling Capabilities of High-Tc 16-21, 1996. Superconducting Thin Films," Proc. Tralshawala, N., J. R. Claycomb, M. REDUCING RISK--Behind Dr. Jeffrey S. Pitblado of the 10th Anniversary HTS Boyd, H.-H. Feng, H.-M. Cho, Z. are moon sculptures at the entrance to the Bayou Workshop on Physics, Materials, G. Zou, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "De- Building of the University of Houston--Clear Lake. and Applications. Ed. by B. Batlogg velopment of a Scanning High-Tc Dr. Pitblado with Dr. Raj S. Chhikara, UHCL, and et al., World Scientific, 1996. 337SQUID-Based Instrument for Dr. Richard P. Heydorn, NASA-JSC, uses statistics 38. Nondestructive Evaluation in a to determine how risky a solution my be and how to Wosik, J., L.-M. Xie, D. Li, P. Magnetically Noisy reduce those risks. Gierlowski, N. Tralshawala, and J. Environment," Bulletin of the H. Miller, Jr. "Nonlinear Behavior American Physical Society 41.1 (1997): 501. Program of the of Surface Resistance in HTS Thin Films due to Energy 1997 March Meeting, Kansas City, MO, March 17-21, 1997. Dissipation in Grain Boundaries and Single Crystal Regions at Wosik, J., L.-M. Xie, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Nonlinear Higher Microwave Power," Meeting of the American Physical Electromagnetic Response of YBCO Epitaxial Films to High Society, St. Louis, MO, March 18-22, 1996; Bulletin of the Microwave Fields," Bulletin of the American Physical Society American Physical Society 41 (1996): 723. 42.1 (1997): 123. Program of the 1997 March Meeting, Kansas Wosik, J., L.-M. Xie, D. McFall, R. Grabovickic, and J. H. Miller, City, MO, March 17-21, 1997. Jr. "Defects and Limited Power Handling Capability of YBCO Wosik, J., L.-M. Xie, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "Power Handling Thin Films," Bulletin of the American Physical Society 43.1 Capability of Superconducting YBCO Thin Films: Thermally (1998): 123. Abstract no. M36.04. Program of the 1998 March Induced Nonlinearity Effects," ISEC97, Berlin, Germany, June Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, March 16-20, 1998. 25-29, 1997. Wosik, J., L.-M. Xie, K. Nesteruk, D. Li, J. H. Miller, Jr., and S. Wosik, J., K. Nesteruk, L. M. Xie, and J. H. Miller, Jr. "High-Tc A. Long. "Power Handling Capabilities of Superconducting Superconducting rf Receiver Probes for Magnetic Resonance YBCO Thin Films: Thermally Induced Nonlinearity Effects," Imaging," Presented at the 1996 Applied Superconductivity J. of Superconductivity 10.2 (1997): 97-107 Conf., Pittsburg...