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Course: EE 6345, Fall 2008School: Dallas
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The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science INTERNET AND PSTN ARCHITECTURES Notes prepared for EE 6345 by Professor Cyrus D. Cantrell, P.E. August December 2007 c C. D. Cantrell (08/2007) The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science A PLANETARY-SCALE DIGITAL SYSTEM c NASA The University of Texas at Dallas...
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The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science INTERNET AND PSTN ARCHITECTURES Notes prepared for EE 6345 by Professor Cyrus D. Cantrell, P.E. August December 2007 c C. D. Cantrell (08/2007) The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science A PLANETARY-SCALE DIGITAL SYSTEM c NASA The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science A PLANETARY-SCALE DIGITAL SYSTEM A visitor from space would be able to conclude that a planetary-scale digital system exists on Earth without descending to the surface Waveforms of satellite communications signals indicate digital modulation (mostly phase-shift keying (PSK) and <a href="/keyword/quadrature-amplitude-modulation/" >quadrature amplitude modulation</a> (QAM)) Wide geographical distribution of uplinks to satellites The major components of this planetary-scale digital system are the Internet and the public switched telephone network (PSTN) EE 6345 surveys the digital architectures of the Internet and the PSTN Functional units How they talk to one another Hardware/software interface c C. D. Cantrell (08/2004) The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science INDICATORS OF THE POWER GRID c NASA The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS Digital System Processing Control Datapath Memory External Interfaces Input Output After David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design, 2nd Edition The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS Digital System Processing Control Datapath Datapath External Memory Interfaces Transmission Bus (parallel) Bus mastering; contentionInput Bus skew Point-to-point (serial) Switching Signal integrity: Noise & crosstalk Timing: Synchronous vs. asynchronous c C. D. Cantrell (08/2004) The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS Digital System Processing Control Datapath Control External Memory Interfaces Centralized Updating & distribution; scalability Distributed Input Coherency of databases PSTN: Call signaling, switch control Internet: Routing, TCP handshake, name service c C. D. Cantrell (08/2004) The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS Digital System Processing Control Datapath Memory Global Local Databases Buffers External Interfaces Input Output c C. D. Cantrell (08/2004) The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science THE ELECTRICAL TELEGRAPH SYSTEM The first planetary-scale digital system First international telecommunications agreement: 1865 Datapath: Telegraph wires (unshielded pairs or twisted pairs) Telegraph keys, batteries Digital encoding: Morse code Network topology: A mesh of point-to-point links Access network: Handwritten notes (input); postal system (output) Control: Manual! Messages stored (manually transcribed) and forwarded Message routing: Outgoing line; postal addresses for final destinations I/O: Human message submission from origin and human delivery to end destination c C. D. Cantrell (08/2007) Morse Code Alphabet The International morse code characters are: A B C D E F G H I J K L M .-... -.-. -.. . ..-. --. .... .. .---..-.. -- N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z -. --.--. --..-. ... ......--..-.---.. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fullstop Comma Query ----.---..--...-......... -.... --... ---.. ----. .-.-.--..-..--.. http://www.babbage.demon.uk/morseabc.html The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science PACKET NETWORKS FOR DIGITAL-SYSTEMS MAJORS Networks are a major application area for digital design and technology Network processors Communication controller ICs Encryption/decryption Data compression DSP Multiprocessor computer systems use some networking technologies Packet communication Digital switching Consumer electronics makes heavy use of networks VOIP, IEEE 1394, IEEE 802.x, ... c C. D. Cantrell (08/2007) The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science EXAMPLE: NETWORK TECHNOLOGY IN A DIGITAL SYSTEM Sun E10000 System Boards and 16x16 Crossbar Interconnect Gigaplane-XB Includes: XB-Interconnect, 4 address buses, bulk power distribution Local Power Converters Sun Microsystems (1997) The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science WHAT IS "COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE"? Applications Compiler O/S Kernel Instruction Set Architecture Functional Units Memory I/O System Logic Gates (Digital Design) Devices (Circuit Design) c C. D. Cantrell (01/1999) Peer-to-Peer Links in the OSI model Host A Client App Virtual Links and Data Units Files, Records, Byte Streams, ... Host B Server App Application Formatted Application Data Presentation Streams and Messages Session Packets Transport Datagrams Network Frames Datalink Bits Physical Application Presentation Session Transport Network Datalink Physical Hardware Link Media Media C. D. Cantrell (09/1998) The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science REVIEW AND BACKGROUND Media layer: An overview of the physical basis of communications Physical layer: A review of digital communications c C. D. Cantrell (08/2004) The University of Texas at Dallas Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science THE PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK The PSTN is the most widely-deployed digital network Analog voi...
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Dallas - EE - 6345
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