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Introduction Corporate Finance
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Key Concepts and Skills
Know the basic types of financial management decisions and the role of the financial manager Know the financial implications of the different forms of business organization Know the goal of financial management Understand the conflicts of interest that can arise between owners and managers Understand the various types of financial markets
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Chapter Outline
Corporate Finance and the Financial Manager Forms of Business Organization The Goal of Financial Management The Agency Problem and Control of the Corporation Financial Markets and the Corporation
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Corporate Finance
Some
important questions that are answered using finance
What long-term investments should the firm take on? Where will we get the long-term financing to pay for the investment? How will we manage the everyday financial activities of the firm?
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Financial Manager
Financial managers try to answer some or all of these questions The top financial manager within a firm is usually the Chief Financial Officer (CFO)
Treasurer oversees cash management, credit management, capital expenditures, and financial planning Controller oversees taxes, cost accounting, financial accounting and data processing
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Financial Management Decisions
Capital
budgeting
What long-term investments or projects should the business take on?
Capital
structure
How should we pay for our assets? Should we use debt or equity?
Working
capital management
How do we manage the day-to-day finances of the firm?
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Forms of Business Organization
Three
major forms in the United States
Sole proprietorship Partnership
General Limited
Corporation
S-Corp Limited liability company
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Sole Proprietorship
Advantages
Disadvantages
Easiest to start Least regulated Single owner keeps all the profits Taxed once as personal income
Limited to life of owner Equity capital limited to owner's personal wealth Unlimited liability Difficult to sell ownership interest
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Partnership
Advantages
Disadvantages
Two or more owners More capital available Relatively easy to start Income taxed as once personal income
Unlimited liability
General partnership Limited partnership
Partnership dissolves when one partner dies or wishes to sell Difficult to transfer ownership
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Corporation
Advantages
Disadvantages
Limited liability Unlimited life Separation of ownership and management Transfer of ownership is easy Easier to raise capital
Separation of ownership and management Double taxation (income taxed at the corporate rate and then dividends taxed at the personal rate)
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Goal Of Financial Management
What should be the goal of a corporation?
Maximize profit? Minimize costs? Maximize market share? Maximize the current value of the company's stock?
Does this mean we should do anything and everything to maximize owner wealth?
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The Agency Problem
Agency relationship
Principal hires an agent to represent his/her interests Stockholders (principals) hire managers (agents) to run the company
Agency problem
Conflict of interest between principal and agent
Management goals and agency costs
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Managing Managers
Managerial compensation
Incentives can be used to align management and stockholder interests The incentives need to be structured carefully to make sure that they achieve their goal The threat of a takeover may result in better management
Corporate control
Other stakeholders
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Work the Web Example
The Internet provides a wealth of information about individual companies One excellent site is finance.yahoo.com Click on the web surfer to go to the site, choose a company and see what information you can find!
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Financial Markets
flows to the firm Primary vs. secondary markets
Cash
Dealer vs. auction markets Listed vs. over-the-counter securities
NYSE NASDAQ
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Quick Quiz
What are the three types of financial management decisions and what questions are they designed to answer? What are the three major forms of business organization? What is the goal of financial management? What are agency problems and why do they exist within a corporation? What is the difference between a primary market and a secondary market?
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End of Chapter
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