are What the important characteristics of living things? How are we highly organized? How do we maintain homeostasis? (What are the parameters?) What is a species? How do we know if one species belongs in the same category? What are the five kingdoms and how are they different from one another? Which kingdom do humans fall in? Who kingdom are we closely related to? How are we unique? What is biosphere? Ecology? Population? Community? What is an ecosystem? What is the cycle for ecosystems to be stable? What is the scientific method? What are the three subatomic particles? What is an atom compared to elements? What determines the identity of the element? What is an isotope? How would you determine if an element is considered as an isotope? What are the different types of bonds? What is different about them? Which is the proton acceptor and proton donor, acid or base? What does pH test us? How do we know when it's basic or acidic? What are the four types of biomolecules? How are monosaccharides different from polysaccharides? What are the major sugars of each type? What are lipids? Triglycerides? Why are some solid and some as liquid form? What are fats used for? What are steroids? What are proteins? How are they joined together? What are the different functions of proteins? What are the different levels of proteins and what does each level signify? What are the two types of nucleic acid and how are they used in genetics? What are nucleic acids composed of (What functional groups)?
What are the four bases in DNA? Which is the complementary of the other? What is ATP and what is it used for in our body? What is the structure of ATP? What are phospholipids? How are they structured? What is the use for this structure? What is hydrophobic and hydrophilic? Can you label the parts of phospholipids with these terms? How do phospholipids play a role in the plasma membrane? Why is the plasma membrane said to be semipermerable? What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? How can you tell if a cell is isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic, compared to its surrounding? What is the difference between passive/facilitated transport and active transport? What is the use of a nucleus and what are the other components of the nucleus and its function? What are ribosomes and where are they in a cell? What are lyzosomes used for? What is the use for mitochondrion? How many membranes does a mitochondrion have? What does the cytomembrane consists of? What are their functions? How is the transport/secretion of proteins allowed? What is cellular metabolism? How is it achieved? What are the three phases of aerobic cellular respiration? What are the tissues? What are the four tissue types? What are their functions? Where can they be found and what are their shapes? How is skin considered to be an organ? What are the different layers of the skin? What are the homeostasis standards? How is the body temperature control achieved? What is the function of the nervous system? How is the nervous system divided and what are their functions? What are neurons? What are the different types of neurons? How are they different from each other and which part of the body do they innervate? What is myelin sheath and how does it function in neurons? What are action potentials? What triggers an action potential? How do the sodium-potassium channels and calcium play a role in action potential?
How does the action potential gets across to the next neuron? How do nerve gases play act at the synapse? What about SSRI? What are the three major parts of the brain? What are their functions? What are sensory receptors? What are the five types and their functions? What is the difference between sensation and perception? Where are senses localized? What are the sensations in touch? What are the receptors associated with the sensation? What are the primary taste sensations? What is the receptor for smell? Where is it located? How are they stimulated? Where are the iris, lens, and retina located, and what are their functions? What are rods and cones? What do they function in? How are the ciliary muscle, lens and suspensory ligament adjusted when focusing on a distant of near object? How do we hear (what is stimulated)? What are the parts of the ear and how do they function in hearing? How does the fluid in the cochlea allow information to be sent to the brain? How does the fluid in the semicircular canals contribute to our sense of hearing? What does the endocrine system use for transmitting messages and how do they interact with specific receptors? What are steroids able to do that non-steroids are not? Where are they located and function? Which part of the brain secretes hormones? What other part of the brain is it connected to? What are the two parts of the pituitary gland? What hormones do they store and release? What are the functions of these hormones?
Where is the thyroid located? What are the two hormones it produces? What are their functions? What are some thyroid disorders? What are the two adrenal glands? What hormones are secreted and what they in response to? What are the physical effects from the release of these hormones? What do adrenal hormones respond to? What are the two hormones that the pancreas releases? What triggers their release? What happens upon their release? What are the two types of diabetes? How are they different?
What hormone(s) do the testes and ovaries produce? What are their functions? What are the functions of blood? Why is blood considered a connective tissue? What are the different elements formed in blood? What are the compositions of plasma? What are erythrocytes and what do they contain? Where are they produced and where are they destroyed? What is a condition that is associated with low oxygen levels available for the cells? What are leukocytes and what are they involved in? What are the two types of leukocytes and what do they consist of? What are their functions? Where are leukocytes made? What is leukemia? What happens if a person has leukemia? What does the clotting of blood involve? What is one condition of blood clotting? What are thrombocytes? Where are they located and what is its function? What are capillaries? What are the two ends of the capillaries and what are their functions? What are the different types of blood? Which is the universal donor? Which is the universal receiver? How do you a person is type A as opposed to type B? What is the Rh factor? How does it make the blood type positive or negative? What is hemolytic disease and how is it associated with the Rh factor? What is the function of the cardiovascular system? What does the cardiovascular system consist of and what are the functions of each component? Why do they come in certain thickness and elasticity? What is the heart? How many chambers does the heart of a human consists of? What are the two sides separated with? What is the cardiac muscle called? What is the passage of blood flow through the heart? How does the heart beat (What is the cardiac cycle? When do the atria and ventricles contract?) What is systole and what is diastole? Can the nervous system affect the heart rate? What does ECG measure? How is blood pressure measured? How is it possible to measure blood pressure? What is the driving force of blood back to the heart? When do varicose veins develop? How does the body prevent the backward flow of blood? What are the two pathways of blood?
What are the major arteries? What is atherosclerosis? What happens if the blood flow blocked is in the coronary arteries? Brain arteries? What does the lymphatic system consists of? What is lymph? What are the functions? What are lymph nodes? Where are they found? What are their purposes? What are some parts of the body that acts as a lymph node? What do they fight, according to their location? What are pathogens? What is the first line of defense? Second? What happens during an inflammatory reaction? What is the complement system? How does it work/activated? What is interferon? What are antigens? What are the two types of cells? What are their functions? What is the difference between a plasma cell and a memory cell? What is the clonal selection theory? What is the structure of an antibody? What are the proteins of antibodies called? Where are T cells located? What must be presented to a T cell? Why? When T cells are stimulated what happens? What else is formed from stimulated T cells? What are vaccines? How are they used for the body's immune responses? What is the purpose of the digestive system? Why is this efficient for us? What is the use of the oral cavity, mastication and the salivary amylase? What is processed food ready to leave mouth called? Food is drive to the esophagus from what reflex action? What is peristalsis? What epiglottis? What is its function? What is the stomach? What does it do to the bolus? What is released? What is the pH of the stomach? What is the enzyme that breaks down proteins? What is the contraction of muscle for the chyme to enter the duodenum called? What does the duodenum do to the chyme? What are the different types of proteins/enzymes involved? What are their functions?
How do we get the nutrients from the food? What are villi and microvilli? How do they aid in absorption of nutrients? How are the nutrients delivered to the liver? What takes place once it does get there? What does the colon absorb back into the body? What does the colon support? Where are the feces stored? What are the types of nutrients that are absorbed? What are they used for? What is the function of the respiratory system? What is the pathway in which air enters the body? What is the trachea? What does the cilia and mucus do? What does the bronchial tree consist of? Where does gas exchange take place? What is the mechanism of breathing? What is ventilation? What occurs when one is ventilating? What is the difference in the structures of inspiration and expiration? How is breathing regulated? What are the different types of respiratory tract diseases? What is it caused by and what happens? What is excretion? What are the types of metabolic waste that are excreted? What does excretion regulate? What organs are involved in transporting urine? What are their functions? What are the different nitrogen containing wastes? What are the three regions of the kidney? What is the nephron? How are the kidneys supplied with blood? How is urine formed? What is being filtered and what remains in the blood? Why must the urine be hypotonic to the blood? How are we able to conserve water? How do we maintain pH and homeostasis by urinary system? How is the male urinary system different from the females? What are bones composed of? What are its functions? What is epiphysis? How are long bones connected? What is diaphysis? What is it made up of?
How is the skeleton divided? What does the skull consist of? What are the four major vertebral regions and how many bones are they made of? What are they connected to and what do they protect? What are the bones of the pectoral girdle? What are the bones of the arms? What are the bones of the pelvic girdle? What are the bones of the legs? How does the skeleton aid in homeostasis? What is the major function of muscles? What are tendons? Myofibrils? What is a sarcomere? What are the two proteins that make up sarcomeres? What are examples of muscles existing in antagonistic pairs? How so? How does a muscle fiber contract? How is the contraction regulated? What are the functions of the reproduction system? What are the gonads in males? Females? What are the functions of the testes? Where does sperm migrate to become mature? Where does sperm travel for ejaculation? What are the hormonal controls of the testes? What are the functions of the ovaries? Where does the egg gets released? Where does fertilization take place? What are the hormonal controls of the ovaries? What is ovulation? The uterian cycle? What is fertilization? How does the sperm and egg interact with each other? What is the process?
What is a zygote? What is an embryo? What are the developmental processes? What occurs during each process? What type of cell division takes place after fertilization? What is morula? What is blastocyst? What does it consists of? What are the three tissue layers formed? What is the embryo considered after this process? What happens during neuralation? What does the amnion hold? What becomes part of the umbilical cord? What does allantois contribute? What does the chorion become? What takes place in a placenta? How does the fetus get its nutrients? How does the fetus gets it blood circulated? What are the stages of fetal development? What are the stages of parturition? What is the process in which allows the baby for nutrition? What are chromosomes important in carry? What is karyotype? How many sets of chromosomes do humans generally have? What is the total? What are the chromosomal differences between male and females? How many pairs of chromosomes are autosomes? What are the genetic defects dealing with the number of chromosome? What is different from the number of chromosomes compared to the average person? What are the physical abnormalities? What are the different abnormalities involving the sex chromosomes? Why are sex chromosomal abnormalities less harmful than autosomal abnormalities? What is dosage compensation? How is a person able to have physical traits of a female, however is chromosomally male? Why are autosomal trisomies or monosomies observed? What are the two processes required for sexually reproducing organisms? How are they different in chromosome number? What does mitosis allow? What is the difference between diploid and haploid?
What are homologs? How is mitosis different from meiosis? Where do they occur? What are the subdivisions of interphase? What are the other phases of mitosis? What happens during these phases? What are the phases of meiosis? What does meiosis do that mitosis does not? What are genes? How many copies of genes are on homologs? What are the different types gens called? What is dominant? Recessive? How is phenotype different from genotype? What is the difference between homozygotes and heterozygotes? What is a punnet square? What can it allow us to do? If you cross two heterozygous parents what would the phenotypic ratio be? Genotypic ratio? What would you get if you cross heterozygous with homozygous? What are some dominant disorders? Recessive? What does DNA stand for? Where is it located? What is a sugar phosphate backbone? What is the process of DNA replication? What are the three types of RNA and what are their functions in protein synthesis? What are the RNA nucleotides compared to the DNA? What are the the complementary bases of each? What is the central dogma? What is the difference between transcription and translation? What is the genetic code? If you have 4 bases in a genetic code, how many different amino acids can be specified? What is a codon? What is the process in making proteins with tRNA and codons?