Use the practice questions below to gauge your knowledge of the chapter. (The answers are at the bottom of the page.) All questions courtesy of Houghton Mifflin's The <a href="/keyword/american-pageant/" >american pageant</a> Quiz book; Tenth Edition 1994 PRACTICE TEST CHAPTER 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860 1. As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin, a. fewer slaves were needed on the plantations. b. Short-staple cotton lost popularity. c. Slavery was reinvigorated. d. Thomas Jefferson predicted the gradual death of slavery. 2. Members of the planter aristocracy a. produced fewer front-rank statesman than the north. b. Had a keen sense of obligation to serve the public. c. Provided democratic rule in the South. d. Promoted tax-supported public education. 3. Plantation agriculture was wasteful largely because a. it relied mainly on artificial means to fertilize the soil. b. Its excessive cultivation of cotton despoiled good land. c. Excessive water was used for irrigation. d. It was too diversifies, this taking essential nutrients from the soil. 4. Plantation mistress's a. had little contact with slaves. b. Primarily controlled male slaves c. frequently supported abolitionism d. commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female slaves. 5. Plantation agriculture a. led to a slow return on investments b. remained diverse until the Civil War. c. Was wasteful d. Discouraged immigration to the west 6. The plantation system of the Cotton South was a. increasingly monopolistic. b. Efficient at utilizing natural resources. c. Financially stable. d. Attractive to European immigrants. 7. All of the following were weaknesses of the slave plantation system except that a. it relied on a one-crop economy b. it repelled a large-scale European immigration. c. It lost significant numbers of people to the West. d. Its land continued to remain in the hands of small farmers. 8. German and Irish immigration to the South remained limited for all of the following reasons except a. competition with slave labor. b. The high cost of land. c. European ignorance of cotton growing. d. Immigration barriers enacted by southern states. 9. As their main crop, southern subsistence farmers raised a. cotton. b. Tobacco c. Corn d. Rice 1 10. Most white southerners were a. planter aristocrats b. small slave owners c. non-slaveowning subsistence farmers d. &quot;poor white trash&quot; 11. By the mid-nineteenth century, a. most southerners owned slaves b. the smaller slaveholders owned a majority of the slaves. c. Most slaves lived on large plantations d. Slavery was a dying institution. 12. Most slaves in the South were owned by a. subsistence farmers. b. Mountain whites c. Plantation owner's d. Small farmers 13. The majority of southern whites owned no slaves because a. they opposed slavery b. they could not afford the purchase price c. their urban location did not require them. d. Their racism would not allow them to work alongside African-Americans. 14. The most pro-Union of the white southerners were a. &quot;poor white trash&quot; b. mountain whites c. small slave owners d. non-slaveowning subsistence farmers 15. Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of all the following except a. the waves of emancipation after the War of 1812. b. An idealism inspired by the Revolution c. Being the children of white masters d. Purchasing their way out of slavery 16. The great increase of the slave population in the first hall of the nineteenth century was largely due to a. the reopening of the African-American slave trade n 1808 b. Larger imports of slaves from the West Indies c. natural reproduction d. re-enslavement of free blacks 17. Northern attitudes toward free blacks can best be described as a. supporting their right to full citizenship. b. Disliking the race but liking individual blacks. c. Advocating black movement into the new territories d. Very racist 18.For free blacks living in the north, a. living conditions were nearly equal to those for whites. b. Voting rights were widespread c. Good jobs were plentiful d. Discrimination was common. 19. The profitable southern slave system a. hobbled the economic development of the region as a whole b. saw many slaves moving to the upper south c. led to the textile industry's development in the South first. d. Relied almost totally on importing slaves to meet the unquenchable demand for labor 2 20. Regarding work assignments, slaves were a. given some of the most dangerous jobs b. generally spared dangerous work c. given the same job as Irish laborers d. usually given skilled rather than menial jobs 21. Perhaps the slave's greatest horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, was a. the enforced separation of slave families b. slave owners' frequent use of the whip c. the breeding of slaves. d. Having to do the most dangerous work on the plantation, 22. By 1860, salves were concentrated in the &quot;black belt&quot; located in the a. upper South states of Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee b. Deep South states of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. c. Old south states of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina d. new southwest states of Texas, Arkansas, and Indian Territory. 23. As a substitute for the wage-incentive system, slave owners most often used the a. promise of eventual freedom b. regard of some legal rights c. right to hold private property d. whip as a motivator. 24. By 19860, life for slaves was most difficult in the a. Atlantic states of North and South Carolina. b. Deep South states of Georgia and Florida c. newer states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana d. upper south states of Virginia and Maryland. 25. Forced separation of spouses, parents, and children was most common a. in the Deep South b. on the large plantations c. on small plantation and in the upper South d. in the decade before the Civil War 26. Most slaves were raised a. without the benefit of a stable home life b. never knowing anything about their relatives c. without religion d. in stable two-person households 27. Slaves fought the system of slavery in all of the following ways except by a. slowing down the work pace b. refusing to get an education c. sabotaging expensive equipment d. pilfering goods that their labor had produced 28. As a result of white southerners' brutal treatment of their slaves and their fear of potential slave rebellions, the south a. developed a theory of biological racial superiority b. adopted British attitudes toward the &quot;peculiar institution.&quot; c. emancipated many slaves d. ended the slave trade in South Carolina only 29. In the pre-Civil war south, the most uncommon and least successful form of slave resistance was a. feigned laziness b. sabotage of plantation equipment c. running away d. armed insurrection 3 30. Which one of the following as lease in common with the other three a. Nat Turner b. Gabriel c. Wendell Phillips d. Denmark Vessey 31. The idea of transporting blacks back to Africa was a. proposed by William Lloyd Garrison b. never carried out c. result of the widespread loathing of blacks in America. d. Suggested by the African nation of Liberia 32. Arrange the following in Chronological order: the founding of the [A] American Colonization Society, [B] American Anti -Slavery Society, [c] Liberty party. a. A, B, C b. C, A, B c. B, C, A d. A, C, B 33. William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to a. shipping freed blacks back to Africa b. outlawing the slave trade c. preventing the expansion of slavery beyond the south d. the immediate abolition of slavery in the south 34. Match each abolitionist below with his role in the movement. A. Wendell Phillips 1. Abolitionist martyr B. Frederick Douglass 2. Black abolitionist C. Elijah P. Lovejoy 3. Abolitionist orator 4. Abolitionist financier a. A-4, B-2, C-1 b. A-1, B-4, C-2 b. A-3, B-2, C-1 d. A-2, B-1, C-4 35. Many abolitionist turned to political action in 1840 when they backed the presidential candidate of the a. Free Soil party b. Republican Party c. Know-Nothing party d. Liberty party. 36. The voice of white southern abolitionism fell silent at the beginning of the a. 1820s b. 1830s c. 1840s d. 1850s 37. In arguing for the continuation of slavery after 1930, southerner's a. placed themselves in opposition to much of the rest of the Western world. b. Were in opposition to the North but on the side of the Western world. c. Failed to compare slaves with the northern factory worker d. allowed considerable dissent in the South 38. Those in the North who opposed the abolitionists believed that these opponents of slavery a. were creating disorder in America b. were defending the American way of life c. deserved the right to speak freely d. had turned their backs on religion. 4 39. &quot;Varying Viewpoints&quot; notes that Ulrich B. Phillips made three claims about slavery that have been challenged in recent years. Which of the following is not one of his conclusions? a. Slavery was comparable to the Nazi concentration camps. b. Slavery was a dying economic institution c. Planters treated their slaves with kindly paternalism d. Slaves were passive by nature and did not abhor slavery. YOU ARE NOT REQUIRED TO ANSWER ANY OF THE ESSAY QUESTIONS BELOW IN ORDER TO RECEIVE BONUS POINTS ON YOUR TEST. NEVERTHELESS, WHEN YOU STUDY, YOU MAY WANT TO SELECT ONE TO PRACTICE YOUR WRITING. GIVE YOURSELF A TIME LIMIT. REMEMBER ON THE AP TEST, YOU HAVE 30 MINUTES TO WRITE A COMPLETE ESSAY. Essay Questions 1. In what ways were cotton production and slavery more a burden to the South than a benefit? 2. Why was the proposal for colonizing blacks back to Africa attractive to many whites, even as late as the onset of the Civil War? 3. Write your definition of extremism. Then use this definition to argue that abolitionists were or were not extremists when they undertook the abolish slavery. 4. Write your definition of cruelty. Then use this definition to argue that slavery was or was not an exceptionally cruel institution. 5. What would be your view on slavery if you were a typical: a. planter aristocrat b. small slave owner c. non-slaveowning white d. mountain southerner e. free black 6. Assume the role of a southern slave. Describe what life is like for you. What experiences have you had, what have you seen happen, what emotions have you felt and what do you believe and value? 7. Explain why the &quot;gag resolution&quot; symbolized that threat that slavery constituted for all Americans, North and South. 8. It was argued by some that the slaves were better off than both wage earners in northern industry and free blacks back in Africa. Do you agree? Why or why not? 9. Elaborate on the text authors' comment that with the invention of the cotton give, &quot;the slave [was]...chained to the give and the planter to the slave.&quot; 10. The authors observe that &quot;white southerners...liked the black as an individual but despised the race. The white northerner...often professed to like the race but disliked individual blacks.&quot; From what you know of the life of free blacks and slaves, do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? 11. Did extreme abolitionists do more harm than good? In what way? How would you have solved the slavery problem? 12. It has been argued that both Britain and the North were tied to the South with &quot;cotton threads.&quot; Explain. 5