6 Physics Some important terms and concepts for exam 1
Spring 06
Here is a list compiled from all the lectures (through Feb.22). Of course not all of these will be tested, but some familiarity with these helps understand what has been discussed. "Fermi problems" (Piano tuners, oil consumption, water usage, electricity usage) Avogadro's Number: No = 6.0 x 1023 1 Mole (of substance with atomic mass number [or atomic weight] A) = A grams, which contains No units speed or velocity = v = distance/time or v = d/t acceleration = change of velocity over time = v / t acceleration due to gravity = g = 9.8 m/s2 d = (1/2)gt2 Force = mass acceleration Work = force distance Power = Energy/time waves: disturbances of a medium that propagate due to elasticity of the medium Electromagnetic waves c=3.0x108 m/sec EM spectrum Energy units: Amount of work required to lift 1 Kg a distance of about 10 cm (0.1 m) is 1 Joule of energy (MKS) = 107 erg 0.7 ft-lb 9x10-4BTU 6x1018 eV KWh 3x10-7 0.2 cal (1/1000 food Cal) different units for different sizes of phenomena 1 kiloton = 4.2x1012 J 1 Kg weighs 2.2 lbs (force) Classical Kinetic Energy =1/2 mv2 Classical Momentum = p = mv
Work=Fd
Relativity: Inertial frame Einstein's two Postulates of Special Relativity Light clock, Proper time, proper length Synchronization, simultaneity
1
Keep track of Frames of Reference in following relations:
time dilation: t =
t0 v2 1- 2 c
length contraction: L = L 0
v 1- 2 c
2
velocity addition u =
u + V Vu 1+ 2 c
momentum: p =
m0u u2 1- 2 c
energy: E =
m 0c2 u2 1- 2 c
= Kinetic Energy+m 0 c 2
Twin paradox, rest mass, relativistic mass, rest energy or mass-energy Nucleus, atomic number, atomic mass or mass number, isotope, A & Z Mass defect, binding energy, binding energy per nucleon, fusion, fission curve of binding energy Equivalence Principle, accelerating frames, bending of light by gravity, curvature of space-time, solar eclipse, cosmology
2