3 Lecture Notes Matter o Universe is composed of two things: Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space Energy the ability to do work (no mass) o Matter is composed of atoms o Molecule- product of two or more atoms o Element- a single type of atom look at the periodic table o Compound multiple elements o Mixture physical intermingling of two or more substances o Filtration differences in solubility o Distillation differences in boiling point Forms of matter o Solid- closely associated atoms Crystalline long range (ie. Salt) Amorphous little order (ie. Plastic) o Liquid Atoms associated loosely o Gas Atoms viewed as not interacting o Chemical change Energy and heat o Energy ability to do work Measured as heat o Heat flow of energy due to a temperature change () Always goes from hot to cold Energy and chemistry o Exothermic o Endothermic o Unites of energy Joule and the Calorie 1 cal = 4.18 J. Exactly 1000 cal = 1 Cal o Heat capacity (specified heat) is the amount of energy required to raise 1g of a sample by 1C Calculating energy requirements o Q=msT o Q: energy (J) o M: mass (g) o S: heat capacity of material (J/gC) o T: change in temperature (T2 T1 C)