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PSY 3201, Introduction to Social Psychology Spring 2007 Exam 2 Study Guide Note: Exam 2 will test your knowledge of all course content covered since Exam 1; however, there will be more emphasis on the Attitudes and Persuasion and Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination sections. Attitudes and Persuasion First, identify an attitude that you hold toward a particular object. Define "attitude." What are the three potential bases of attitudes? What information does each base relate to? Is your attitude intra-attitudinally consistent or inconsistent? Explain why. What function does your attitude serve, and why? Identity the other attitude functions, and how your attitude could express those functions. What is the origin of your attitude? That is, how did you come to hold this particular attitude? Identify the 3 different types of dissonance induced attitude change discussed in lecture, and provide examples of each First, imagine that you want to persuade your smoker friend to quit smoking Design a fear appeal. What must your appeal contain if it is to effectively induce attitude and behavior change? Why? What are the two different routes to persuasion, according to the Elaboration Likelihood Model? What characterizes each route? When will a person take one route to persuasion, and when will a person take the other? How should persuasion attempts differ across the two routes? Design a persuasive appeal that you could use to persuade your friend to quit smoking via each route. What were the four responses about the relation between attitudes and behaviors that resulted from LaPiere's experiences with his Chinese traveling companions? What is a moderating variable? What is a mediating variable? Identify and explain both moderators and mediators of the attitude-behavior relation. Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination Affect, cognition, and behavior are to individual attitudes as _____, _____, and _____ are to negative group attitudes. Define stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination. Are stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination necessarily linked? Explain. What cognitive function do stereotypes serve? Are stereotypes accurate? Explain. What factors contribute to the perception that stereotypes are accurate? Define modern racism. Identify a negative group attitude. Explain the origins of this negative group attitude from a cognitive perspective. According to Social Identity Theory, why are perceptions of ingroups and outgroups so dangerous when it comes to group attitudes? Review the study by Sherif and colleagues (1961) that involved boys at a summer camp. What theory on negative group attitudes explains the hostility between the two groups of boy campers? Why? 1 PSY 3201, Introduction to Social Psychology Spring 2007 Exam 2 Study Guide Your friend recently tells you that whenever he is interacting with someone from a different racial group, he tries as hard as possible to suppress any stereotypes about members from that person's group. Explain to your friend whether this is a good or bad idea, citing evidence from Macrae et al. (1994). Review the study by Webber & Crocker (1983). According to them, what are three ways in which stereotypes could potentially change? Which way will produce the most change? Which way will produce the least change, and according to Kunda & Oleson (1997), why is this the case? Evaluate the Contact Hypothesis. What conditions must be in place for contact to reduce negative group attitudes? Conformity/Compliance Distinguish between informational and normative conformity. What is the motivation behind each type of conformity? Review the study by conformity study by Muzafer Sherif. What type of conformity did this study exemplify? Review the conformity study by Solomon Asch. What type of conformity did this study exemplify? What were the results of the study when the confederates did not all express the same judgment about the similarity between lines on the two cards? Imagine that you are attempting to sell an old bike to one of your friends. Identify how you could make the sale using each of the compliance techniques discussed in lecture. What principles are each of these compliance techniques based on? Explain What situational factors contributed to the high level of obedience in the Milgram studies? Group Processes Define groupthink. In addition, identify and define both the antecedents and symptoms of groupthink How can groupthink be avoided? According to social facilitation theory, what task response occurs when individually performing a task in front of other people? When will we perform well in front of other people, and when will we perform poorly? What is social loafing? When does social loafing occur? Define deindividuation. Define group polarization. Why does it occur? 2

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